Changes: William I of England (1027-1087)

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English:	William I of England

William I the Conqueror of England and Normandy, Duke of Normandy, King of England, was born 1027 in Falaise, Normandy, France to Robert I, Duke of Normandy (c1000-1035) and Herleva of Falaise (1003-1050) and died 9 September 1087 Priory of Saint Gervase,, Rouen, Normandy, France of unspecified causes. He married Matilda of Flanders (c1031-1083) 1051 ^JL .

William I, King of England, Duke of Normandy was a mediæval monarch. He ruled as the Duke of Normandy from 1035 to 1087 and as King of England from 1066 to 1087. As Duke of Normandy, William was known as William II, and, as King of England, as William I. He is commonly refered to as William the Conqueror (Guillaume le Conquérant) or William the Bastard (Guillaume le Bâtard).

The name "William the Bastard", a name used by his enemies arose from the fact that his mother was a Tanner's daughter who agreed to be his father Robert II's mistress. She demanded that their relationship not be secret, and had a position in court. After the affair was over, she married a Viscount. William retained the favour of his father and when Robert II left for the Holy Land, he forced his lords to pledge fealty to William. Robert II never returned from the Holy land and the oath was quickly forgotten, and intrigue surrounded the boy Duke. William's guardian Gilbert of Brionne was murdered, as was his tutor, as was his uncle Osbern- killed while protecting William from kidnappers found in his bedroom. William was sent away from home for his protection, and it was common practice for William's uncle Walter to awaken him in the night to move him to a new location.

By age fifteen, William was knighted, and by twenty he went to war against his cousin Guy of Normandy to defend his title of Duke of Normandy. With the help of King Henri I of France, he subdued his enemies who were forced to swear allegiance to William.

In 1051, William visited his cousin Edward the Confessor, king of England. Edward was childless, and William's account is that the king made him his heir. According to supporters of William, Edward sent his brother in law Harold Godwinson to see William in 1063. Other accounts say that Harold was shipwrecked. All accounts agree that William refused to let Harold depart until he swore on holy relics that he would uphold William's claim to the throne of England, and agreed to marry his daughter (then an infant) Agatha. After winning his release, Harold reneged on both promises.

In support of his claim to the English crown, William invaded England in 1066, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts| in what has become known as the Norman Conquest.

His reign brought Norman culture to England, which had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages. In addition to political changes, his reign also saw changes to English law, a programme of building and fortification, changes in the English language and the introduction of continental European feudalism into England.

For additional details beyond William's family history, see more here.

Residence at Falaise

In Falaise France, is a series of statues that pays tribute to the six Norman Dukes from Rollo to William Conqueror. The castle here was the principal residence of the Norman Knights.

Château Guillaume-le-Conquérant Place Guillaume le Conquérant / 14700 Falaise / Tel: 02 31 41 61 44

History of Norman Dukes
Homepage - Falaise Castle of William the Conqueror - In French.

Marriage and Family

William asked for the hand of Matilda of Flanders (c1031-1083), daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders, but Matilda would have none of it. Purportedly, she was in love with the English ambassador to Flanders, a Saxon named Brihtric, who declined her advances. As for William, she told his emissary that she was far too high-born (being descended from King Alfred the Great of England) to consider marrying a bastard. When that was repeated to him, William, all of 5'10", rode from Normandy to Bruges, found Matilda on her way to church, dragged her off her horse (some said by her long braids), threw her down in the street in front of her flabbergasted attendants, and then rode off. Another version states that William rode to Matilda's father's house in Lille, threw her to the ground in her room (again, by the braids), and hit her (or violently shook her) before leaving.

William convinced Matilda to relent, but the pope opposed the marriage because they were distant cousins. For a period of time all of Normandy was excommunicated along with their duke because William disregarded the pope's advice and married Matilda. In return for the construction of two abbeys, the excommunication of Normandy was lifted.

William and his wife Matilda of Flanders had at least nine children. The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters.

Robert III, Duke of Normandy (c1051-1134) AKA: Robert Curthose or Robert III - Robert was born between 1051 and 1054, died 10 February 1134. Duke of Normandy, married Sybilla of Conversano, daughter of Geoffrey, Count of Conversano. Ruled as Duke of Normandy from 1087 to 1134. Unsuccessful claimant to the throne of England. Defeated by Henry I at Tinchebray in 1106 and spends next 30 years in a dungeon.
Richard of Normandy (c1054) - Between 1069 and 1075, Richard died in a hunting accident in the New Forest. He was buried at Winchester Cathedral. In a twist of fate, his younger brother, King William Rufus, and a nephew, also named Richard, were also killed in the New Forest twenty-five years later.
Adeliza of Normandy (c1055) -died before 1113, reportedly betrothed to Harold II of England, probably a nun of Saint Léger at Préaux
Cecilia of Normandy (c1055) - was born before 1066, died 1127, Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen.
William II of England (c1056-1100) AKA: William Rufus - was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He died after being struck by an arrow while hunting, under circumstances that remain unclear. No offspring. His younger brother Henry hurriedly succeeded him as king.
Matilda of Normandy (c1061-1086) - Matilda was born around 1061, died perhaps about 1086. Mentioned in Domesday Book as a daughter of William
Adela of Normandy (c1062) - died 1137, married Stephen, Count of Blois.
Agatha of Normandy (c1064) - Agatha, the betrothed of Alfonso VI of León and Castile.
Constance of Normandy (c1066-1090) - died 1090, married Alan IV Fergent, Duke of Brittany.
Henry I of England (1068-1135) - King of England (1108-1135) for many years

There is no evidence of any illegitimate children born to William.

Succession to the Throne

When William I died in 1087, his son William Rufus became king and ruled until his accidental death in 1100, leaving no heir. Henry I quickly siezed the English throne. In 1106 Henry I made war with his elder brother, Robert III, Duke of Normandy, defeating him soundly at the Battle of Tinchebray. Robert was spent his remaining 30 years in a Norman dungeon.

Children

Offspring of William I of England and Matilda of Flanders (c1031-1083)
Name	Birth	Death	Joined with
Robert III, Duke of Normandy (c1051-1134)	1051 (Normandy)	10 February 1134 (Cardiff Castle+ Glamorganshire+ Wales)	Sybilla of Conversano (-1103)
Richard of Normandy (c1054)	1054 Normandy	1081 New Forest, Hampshire
Adeliza of Normandy (c1055)	1055 Normandy	1065
Cecilia of Normandy (c1055)	1055 Normandy, France	30 July 1126 Caen, Calvados, France
William II of England (c1056-1100)	1056 Normandy, France	2 August 1100 New Forest, England, United Kingdom
Matilda of Normandy (c1061-1086)	1061 Normandy, France	1086 France
Adela of Normandy (c1062)	1062 Normandy, France	8 March 1138 Marcigny, Saône-et-Loire, France	Stephen II, Count of Blois (c1045-1102)
Agatha of Normandy (c1064)	1064	1079
Constance of Normandy (c1066-1090)	1066	1090	Alain Fergent de Bretagne (c1060-1119)
Henry I of England (1068-1135)	13 June 1068 Selby, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom	1 December 1135 St. Denis-le-Fermont near Gisors, Picardy, Lyons-la-Forêt, Eure, France	Ansfrid (1070-) Matilda of Scotland (c1080-1118) Sybil Corbet (1077-) Edith (bef1135-) Gieva de Tracy (bef1135-) Nest ferch Rhys (c1073-aft1136) Isabel de Beaumont (bef1135-) Adeliza of Leuven (1103-1151)

Siblings

Offspring of Robert I, Duke of Normandy (c1000-1035) and Herleva of Falaise (1003-1050)
Name	Birth	Death	Joined with
William I of England (1027-1087)	1027 Falaise, Normandy, France	9 September 1087 Priory of Saint Gervase,, Rouen, Normandy, France	Matilda of Flanders (c1031-1083)
Adelaide of Normandy (c1026-c1090)	1026 Calvados, France	1090	Enguerrand de Ponthieu (c1033-1053) Lambert II de Lens (?-1054) Eudes II de Troyes (c1040-1115)

Footnotes (including sources)

‡ General

wikipedia:en:William the Conqueror
Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, London, 1973 , Reference: 193, 310

John Kenney, Robin Patterson, AMK152, Phlox, Rtol, Thurstan, MainTour

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{showfacts person
+{{Showfacts person
+|given_name=William
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+|surname=of England
-|globals={{get globals}}
-|short_name= William of England
-|given_name = William
-|surname = of England
-|image = WilliamI-lrg.jpg
 |sex=M
+|father=Robert II, Duke of Normandy (c1000-1035)
-|birth_month =9 |birth_day =9 |birth_year=1027
+|mother=Herleva of Falaise (1003-1050)
-|birth_places-other= Falaise
+|familysearch_afn=8XHZ-SV
-|death_year= 1087
-|death_places-other= Rouen
-|remains =Abbaye-aux-Hommes at Caen
-|father = Robert II, Duke of Normandy (c1000-1035)
-|mother = Herleva of Falaise (1003)
 |joined_with=Matilda of Flanders (c1031-1083)
+|image=WilliamI-lrg.jpg
-|wedding1_year=1051
+|short_name=William I of England
-|wedding1_places-other=|numChildren = 9
+|sources={{PersonWP|format=link|lang=en|William the Conqueror}}
-|familysearch_afn = 8XHZ-SV
+<new note>Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, London, 1973 , Reference: 193, 310
-|long_name = William I, King of England, Duke of Normandy
-|Full name (fr)=Guillaume le Conquérant
-|description = William the conqueror, first Norman king of England.
-|Short description (fr) = Il est le fils illégitime de Robert le Magnifique et d’Arlette (ou « Herleva »). Duc de Normandie dès l’âge de huit ans, il réussit en 1066 à s’emparer de la couronne d’Angleterre.
-|alternative_names = William the Conqueror, Guillaume le Conquérant, William the Bastard; William II, Duke of Normandy, Guillaume le Bâtard, Guillaume II de Normandie, Guillaume I d’Angleterre
-|sources=Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, London, 1973 , Reference: 193, 310<new note>[[wikipedia:en:William_I_of_England]]
-|Wikipedia-de =Wilhelm I. (England)
-|Wikipedia-en =William_I_of_England
-|Wikipedia-es =Guillermo I de Inglaterra
-|Wikipedia-fi =Vilhelm Valloittaja
-|Wikipedia-fr =Guillaume le Conquérant
-|Wikipedia-ja =ウィリアム1世 (イングランド王)
-|Wikipedia-ko =잉글랜드의 윌리엄 1세
-|Wikipedia-nl =Willem de Veroveraar
-|Wikipedia-pl =Wilhelm Zdobywca
-|Wikipedia-pt =Guilherme I de Inglaterra
-|Wikipedia-ru =Вильгельм I Завоеватель
-|Wikipedia-sv =Vilhelm Erövraren
-|Wikipedia-zh =威廉一世 (英格兰)
-|Wikiquote-fr =Guillaume le Conquérant
 |contributors=John Kenney
+|long_name=William I the Conqueror of England and Normandy
+|alternative_names=William the Conqueror, Guillaume le Conquérant, William the Bastard; William II, Duke of Normandy, Guillaume le Bâtard, Guillaume II de Normandie, Guillaume I d’Angleterre
+|titles=Duke of Normandy + King of England
+|description=William the conqueror, first Norman king of England.
+|birth_year=1027
+|birth_month=9
+|birth_day=9
+|birth_locality=Falaise, Calvados
+|birth_nation=France
+|death_year=1087
+|death_locality=Rouen
+|death_nation=France
+|ifmarried-g1=true
+|wedding1_year=1051
+|globals={{get globals}}
+}}
+{{PersonWP|format=interwikis
+|lang01=en- English
+|lang01-page= William I of England
 }}
-{{showfact|description}}
-==Biography==
 {{showfacts biography}}
+'''William I, King of England, Duke of Normandy''' was a mediæval monarch. He ruled as the Duke of Normandy from 1035 to 1087 and as King of England from 1066 to 1087. As Duke of Normandy, William was known as William II, and, as King of England, as William I. He is commonly refered to as William the Conqueror (Guillaume le Conquérant) or William the Bastard (Guillaume le Bâtard).
+The name "William the Bastard", a name used by his enemies arose from the fact that his mother was a Tanner's daughter who agreed to be his father Robert II's mistress. She demanded that their relationship not be secret, and had a position in court. After the affair was over, she married a Viscount. William retained the favour of his father and when Robert II left for the Holy Land, he forced his lords to pledge fealty to William. Robert II never returned from the Holy land and the oath was quickly forgotten, and intrigue surrounded the boy Duke. William's guardian Gilbert of Brionne was murdered, as was his tutor, as was his uncle Osbern- killed while protecting William from kidnappers found in his bedroom. William was sent away from home for his protection, and it was common practice for William's uncle Walter to awaken him in the night to move him to a new location.
-'''William I, King of England, Duke of Normandy''' was a mediæval monarch. He ruled as the Duke of Normandy from 1035 to 1087 and as King of England from 1066 to 1087. As Duke of Normandy, William was known as William II, and, as King of England, as William I. He is commonly refered to as William the Conqueror (Guillaume le Conquérant) or William the Bastard (Guillaume le Bâtard).
+By age fifteen, William was knighted, and by twenty he went to war against his cousin Guy of Normandy to defend his title of Duke of Normandy. With the help of King Henri I of France, he subdued his enemies who were forced to swear allegiance to William.
-The name "William the Bastard", a name used by his enemies arose from the fact that his  mother was a Tanner's daughter who agreed to be his father Robert II's mistress.  She demanded that their relationship not be secret, and had a position in court.  After the affair was over, she married a Viscount.  William retained the favour of his father and when Robert II left for the Holy Land, he forced his lords to pledge fealty to William.  Robert II never returned from the Holy land and the oath was quickly forgotten, and intrigue surrounded the boy Duke. William's guardian Gilbert of Brionne was murdered, as was his tutor, as was his uncle Osbern- killed while protecting William from kidnappers found in his bedroom. William was sent away from home for his protection, and it was common practice for William's uncle Walter to awaken him in the night to move him to a new location.
+In 1051, William visited his cousin Edward the Confessor, king of England. Edward was childless, and William's account is that the king made him his heir. According to supporters of William, Edward sent his brother in law Harold Godwinson to see William in 1063. Other accounts say that Harold was shipwrecked. All accounts agree that William refused to let Harold depart until he swore on holy relics that he would uphold William's claim to the throne of England, and agreed to marry his daughter (then an infant) Agatha. After winning his release, Harold reneged on both promises.
-By age fifteen, William was knighted, and by twenty he went to war against his cousin Guy of Normandy to defend his title of Duke of Normandy.  With the help of King Henri I of France, he subdued his enemies who were forced to swear allegiance to William.
-William asked for the hand of Matilda, daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders, but Matilda would have none of it. Purportedly, she was in love with the English ambassador to Flanders, a Saxon named Brihtric, who declined her advances. As for William, she told his emissary that she was far too high-born (being descended from King Alfred the Great of England) to consider marrying a bastard. When that was repeated to him, William, all of 5'10", rode from Normandy to Bruges, found Matilda on her way to church, dragged her off her horse (some said by her long braids), threw her down in the street in front of her flabbergasted attendants, and then rode off. Another version states that William rode to Matilda's father's house in Lille, threw her to the ground in her room (again, by the braids), and hit her (or violently shook her) before leaving.
-William convinced Matilda to relent, but the pope opposed the marriage because they were distant cousins.  For a period of time all of Normandy was excommunicated along with their duke because William disregarded the pope's advice and married Matilda. In return for the construction of two abbeys, the excommunication of Normandy was lifted.
-In 1051, William visited his cousin Edward the Confessor, king of England.  Edward was childless, and William's account is that the king made him his heir.  According to supporters of William, Edward sent his brother in law Harold Godwinson to see William in 1063.  Other accounts say that Harold was shipwrecked.  All accounts agree that William refused to let Harold depart until he swore on holy relics that he would uphold William's claim to the throne of England, and agreed to marry his daughter (then an infant) Agatha.  After winning his release, Harold reneged on both promises.
 In support of his claim to the English crown, William invaded England in 1066, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts| in what has become known as the Norman Conquest.
 His reign brought Norman culture to England, which had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages. In addition to political changes, his reign also saw changes to English law, a programme of building and fortification, changes in the English language and the introduction of continental European feudalism into England.
 For additional details beyond William's family history, [[William I, King of England (1027-1087)/ biography|see more here.]]
 === Residence at Falaise ===
-In Falaise France, is a series of statues that pays tribute to the six Norman Dukes from Rollo to William Conqueror.  The castle here was the principal residence of the Norman Knights.
+In Falaise France, is a series of statues that pays tribute to the six Norman Dukes from Rollo to William Conqueror. The castle here was the principal residence of the Norman Knights.
 Château Guillaume-le-Conquérant Place Guillaume le Conquérant / 14700 Falaise / Tel: 02 31 41 61 44
 * [http://www.battle1066.com/william1.shtml History of Norman Dukes]
 * [http://www.chateau-guillaume-leconquerant.fr/ Homepage - Falaise Castle of William the Conqueror] - In French.
+== Marriage and Family ==
-{{clear}}
+William asked for the hand of '''[[Matilda of Flanders (c1031-1083)]]''', daughter of [[Baldwin V of Flanders (1012-1067)| Count Baldwin V of Flanders]], but Matilda would have none of it. Purportedly, she was in love with the English ambassador to Flanders, a Saxon named Brihtric, who declined her advances. As for William, she told his emissary that she was far too high-born (being descended from King Alfred the Great of England) to consider marrying a bastard. When that was repeated to him, William, all of 5'10", rode from Normandy to Bruges, found Matilda on her way to church, dragged her off her horse (some said by her long braids), threw her down in the street in front of her flabbergasted attendants, and then rode off. Another version states that William rode to Matilda's father's house in Lille, threw her to the ground in her room (again, by the braids), and hit her (or violently shook her) before leaving.
-{{showfacts children
-|children-g1=Robert III, Duke of Normandy (c1051-1134)+Richard of Normandy (c1054) +Adeliza of Normandy (c1055)+Cecilia of Normandy (c1055)+William II of England (c1056-1100)+Adela of Normandy (c1062)+Agatha of Normandy (c1064) +Constance of Normandy (c1066) +Henry I, King of England (1068-1135)
-|}}
+William convinced Matilda to relent, but the pope opposed the marriage because they were distant cousins. For a period of time all of Normandy was excommunicated along with their duke because William disregarded the pope's advice and married Matilda. In return for the construction of two abbeys, the excommunication of Normandy was lifted.
-{{Featured article}}
+William and his wife Matilda of Flanders had at least nine children. The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters.
+# '''[[Robert III, Duke of Normandy (c1051-1134)]] AKA: Robert Curthose or Robert III''' - Robert was born between 1051 and 1054, died 10 February 1134. Duke of Normandy, married Sybilla of Conversano, daughter of Geoffrey, Count of Conversano. Ruled as Duke of Normandy from 1087 to 1134. Unsuccessful claimant to the throne of England.  Defeated by Henry I at Tinchebray in 1106 and spends next 30 years in a dungeon.
-{{Couple ancestors}}
+# '''[[Richard of Normandy (c1054)]]''' - Between 1069 and 1075, Richard died in a hunting accident in the New Forest. He was buried at Winchester Cathedral. In a twist of fate, his younger brother, King William Rufus, and a nephew, also named Richard, were also killed in the New Forest twenty-five years later.
-{{notable family}}
+# '''[[Adeliza of Normandy (c1055)]]''' -died before 1113, reportedly betrothed to Harold II of England, probably a nun of Saint Léger at Préaux
+# '''[[Cecilia of Normandy (c1055)]]''' - was born before 1066, died 1127, Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen.
+# '''[[William II of England (c1056-1100)]] AKA: William Rufus''' - was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He died after being struck by an arrow while hunting, under circumstances that remain unclear. No offspring. His younger brother Henry hurriedly succeeded him as king.
+# '''[[Matilda of Normandy (c1061-1086)]]''' - Matilda was born around 1061, died perhaps about 1086. Mentioned in Domesday Book as a daughter of William
+# '''[[Adela of Normandy (c1062)]]''' - died 1137, married Stephen, Count of Blois.
+# '''[[Agatha of Normandy (c1064)]]''' - Agatha, the betrothed of Alfonso VI of León and Castile.
+# '''[[Constance of Normandy (c1066-1090)]]''' - died 1090, married Alan IV Fergent, Duke of Brittany.
+# '''[[Henry I of England (1068-1135)]]''' - King of England (1108-1135) for many years
+There is no evidence of any illegitimate children born to William.
+=== Succession to the Throne ===
+When William I died in 1087, his son William Rufus became king and ruled until his accidental death in 1100, leaving no heir.  Henry I quickly siezed the English throne.  In 1106 Henry I made war with his elder brother, Robert III, Duke of Normandy, defeating him soundly at the Battle of Tinchebray.  Robert was spent his remaining 30 years in a Norman dungeon.
+{{showfacts children
+|children-g1=Robert III, Duke of Normandy (c1051-1134)+Richard of Normandy (c1054) +Adeliza of Normandy (c1055)+Cecilia of Normandy (c1055)+William II of England (c1056-1100)+Matilda of Normandy (c1061-1086) + Adela of Normandy (c1062)+Agatha of Normandy (c1064) +Constance of Normandy (c1066-1090) +Henry I of England (1068-1135)
+}}
+{{Siblings}}
 {{namesake}}
+{{Couple ancestors}}
+{{notable family}}
 {{footer}}
 __NOTOC__
-[[Category:Monarchs of England]]
-[[Category:Upgraded from info page]]
-[[Category:Famous people]]
+{{Normdaten|TYP=p|GND=118643347|LCCN=n/50/017273|SELIBR=245124|VIAF=88049597}}
-[[Category:Ancestry from France]]
-[[Category:People from Calvados]]
+<!-- categories from Wikipedia -->
-[[Category:Dukes of Normandy]]
+[[Category:William the Conqueror| ]]
 [[Category:Deaths by horse-riding accident]]
-[[Category:Norman conquest of England]]
+[[Category:Accidental deaths in France]]
 [[Category:Anglo-Normans]]
-[[Category:British Monarchs buried abroad]]
+[[Category:British monarchs buried abroad]]
+[[Category:Dukes of Normandy]]
+[[Category:English monarchs]]
+[[Category:English people of French descent]]
+[[Category:English Roman Catholics]]
+[[Category:French Roman Catholics]]
 [[Category:Medieval child rulers]]
+[[Category:Norman conquest of England]]
+[[Category:People from Falaise, Calvados]]
+[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
 [[Category:Tower of London]]
-[[Category:Accidental human deaths in France]]
+[[Category:11th-century monarchs in Europe]]
-[[Category:William I of England|*]]
+[[Category:House of Normandy]]