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| Rolette County, North Dakota | |
 St. John–Lena Border Crossing
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 Location in the state of North Dakota | |
 North Dakota's location in the U.S. | |
| Founded | January 4, 1873 (created) October 14, 1884 (organized) |
|---|---|
| Named for | Joseph Rolette |
| Seat | Rolla |
| Largest community | Belcourt |
| Area - Total - Land - Water |
939 sq mi (2,432 km²) 903 sq mi (2,339 km²) 36 sq mi (93 km²), 3.9 |
| Population - (2020) - Density |
12,187 |
| Congressional district | At-large |
| Time zone | Central: UTC-6/-5 |
| Website | www.rolettecounty.com |
Rolette County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,187.[1] Its county seat is Rolla.[2]
History[]
The Dakota Territory legislature created the county on January 4, 1873, with territory partitioned from Buffalo County. It was not organized at that date, and was not attached to another county for judicial or administrative purposes. It was named for Joseph Rolette Jr., a fur trader and political figure from Pembina. The county government was effected on October 14, 1884, with Dunseith as the county seat. In 1885 the county seat was assigned to Saint John, and in 1889 it was assigned to Rolla.
The county boundaries were adjusted in 1883 and in 1887. It has retained its present boundary configuration since 1887.[3][4]
The International Peace Garden is located in the northwest corner of the county along the Canada–United States border with Manitoba.
Geography[]
File:Rolette Co ND Pie Chart No Text 3-7-17 Version.pdf Rolette County lies on the northern border of North Dakota with Canada. Gimby Creek and Wakopa Creek flow into the county from Canada. The terrain consists of dry rolling hills in the south, and more verdant low hills in the north and northwest, dotted with lakes and ponds.[5]
Part of the Turtle Mountain plateau lies in the northwestern part of the county. The terrain slopes to the south and east; its highest point is its northwest corner, at 2,195' (669m) ASL.[6]
The Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation is in the northeast section of Rolette County.
Rolette County has an area of 939 square miles (2,430 km2), of which 903 square miles (2,340 km2) is land and 36 square miles (93 km2) (3.9%) is water.[7]
Major highways[]
U.S. Highway 281- North Dakota Highway 3
- North Dakota Highway 5
- North Dakota Highway 30
- North Dakota Highway 43
- North Dakota Highway 66
Adjacent counties and rural municipalities[]
- Municipality of Boissevain-Morton, Manitoba - northwest
- Municipality of Killarney-Turtle Mountain, Manitoba - northeast
- Towner County - east
- Pierce County - south
- Bottineau County - west
Protected areas[]
- Lords Lake National Wildlife Refuge (part)
- Rabb Lake National Wildlife Refuge
- School Section Lake National Wildlife Refuge
- Willow Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Lakes[]
- Belcourt Lake
- Bigham Lake
- Bymes Lake
- Carpenters Lake
- Coon Lake
- Gatten Lake
- Girl Lake
- Gordon Lake
- Hartley Lake (part)
- Horseshoe Lake
- Island Lake
- Lagerquist Lake
- Lake Upsilon
- Little Gurr Lake
- Long Lake
- Lords Lake (part)
- Mill Lake
- Mill Lake
- Rabb Lake
- School Section Lake
- Schutte Lake
- South Messier Lake (part)
- Ducker Lake
- Twin Lake
- Twin Lakes (part)
- Willow Lake[5]
Demographics[]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1890 | 2,427 | ||
| 1900 | 7,995 | 229.4% | |
| 1910 | 9,558 | 19.5% | |
| 1920 | 10,061 | 5.3% | |
| 1930 | 10,760 | 6.9% | |
| 1940 | 12,583 | 16.9% | |
| 1950 | 11,102 | −11.8% | |
| 1960 | 10,641 | −4.2% | |
| 1970 | 11,549 | 8.5% | |
| 1980 | 12,177 | 5.4% | |
| 1990 | 12,772 | 4.9% | |
| 2000 | 13,674 | 7.1% | |
| 2010 | 13,937 | 1.9% | |
| Est. 2021 | 12,048 | −11.9% | |
| US Decennial Census[8] 1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10] 1990-2000[11] 2010-2020[1] | |||
2000 census[]
As of the 2000 census there were 13,674 people, 4,556 households, and 3,366 families in the county. The population density was 15.1/sqmi (5.85/km2). There were 5,027 housing units at an average density of 5.57/sqmi (2.15/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 25.12% White, 0.07% Black or African American, 73.01% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. 0.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 9.3% were of Norwegian and 7.4% German ancestry. 94.6% spoke English, 1.3% Ojibwa, 1.0% French Cree and 1.0% Cree as their first language.
There were 4,556 households, out of which 43.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.00% were married couples living together, 22.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.10% were non-families. 22.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.45.
The county population contained 36.50% under the age of 18, 9.50% from 18 to 24, 25.80% from 25 to 44, 18.50% from 45 to 64, and 9.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 97.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $26,232, and the median income for a family was $29,744. Males had a median income of $24,288 versus $20,383 for females. The per capita income for the county was $10,873. About 28.00% of families and 31.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.20% of those under age 18 and 19.60% of those age 65 or over.
2010 census[]
As of the 2010 census, there were 13,937 people, 4,783 households, and 3,413 families in the county.[12] The population density was 15.4/sqmi (5.96/km2). There were 5,372 housing units at an average density of 5.95/sqmi (2.30/km2).[13] The racial makeup of the county was 77.2% American Indian, 20.3% white, 0.2% black or African American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.0% of the population.[12] In terms of ancestry, 48.5% were French Canadian, 7.0% were German, 6.8% were Norwegian, and 0.3% were American.[14]
Of the 4,783 households, 44.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.6% were non-families, and 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.39. The median age was 30.5 years.[12]
The median income for a household in the county was $28,265 and the median income for a family was $35,523. Males had a median income of $35,595 versus $27,459 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,632. About 25.9% of families and 31.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.5% of those under age 18 and 24.8% of those age 65 or over.[15]
Communities[]
Cities[]
- Dunseith
- Mylo
- Rolla (county seat)
- Rolette
- St. John
Census-designated places[]
- Belcourt
- East Dunseith
- Green Acres
- Shell Valley
Unincorporated communities[]
- Agate
- Carpenter
- Fonda
- Kelvin
- Nanson
- San Haven
- Thorne
Townships[]
- Kohlmeier
- Maryville
- Shell Valley
- South Valley
- Holmes
Politics[]
Due to its Native American majority population, Rolette County voters are historically Democratic, more consistently so than other such counties in North Dakota. Since 1928 the only Republican to carry the county was Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952.[16] It was the only county in the state to support George McGovern in 1972 and is additionally the only North Dakota county to have supported Jimmy Carter in 1980.[17] In each of the five presidential elections from 1996 to 2012, the Democratic candidate received over 60% of the vote, with Barack Obama winning 75.1% in 2008 and 74.0% in 2012.[18][19] In 2016, Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton received 57.3% of the county's votes,[20] one of the two North Dakota counties that she carried.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 1,257 | 33.04% | 2,482 | 65.25% | 65 | 1.71% |
| 2016 | 1,217 | 32.41% | 2,099 | 55.90% | 439 | 11.69% |
| 2012 | 1,092 | 23.99% | 3,353 | 73.66% | 107 | 2.35% |
| 2008 | 1,045 | 23.05% | 3,403 | 75.06% | 86 | 1.90% |
| 2004 | 1,392 | 34.42% | 2,564 | 63.40% | 88 | 2.18% |
| 2000 | 1,416 | 32.20% | 2,681 | 60.96% | 301 | 6.84% |
| 1996 | 823 | 22.85% | 2,299 | 63.84% | 479 | 13.30% |
| 1992 | 895 | 24.82% | 2,002 | 55.52% | 709 | 19.66% |
| 1988 | 1,126 | 31.23% | 2,426 | 67.28% | 54 | 1.50% |
| 1984 | 1,479 | 39.43% | 2,179 | 58.09% | 93 | 2.48% |
| 1980 | 1,599 | 44.84% | 1,660 | 46.55% | 307 | 8.61% |
| 1976 | 1,094 | 29.62% | 2,531 | 68.54% | 68 | 1.84% |
| 1972 | 1,713 | 48.13% | 1,803 | 50.66% | 43 | 1.21% |
| 1968 | 1,211 | 37.23% | 1,870 | 57.49% | 172 | 5.29% |
| 1964 | 892 | 25.80% | 2,566 | 74.20% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 1,277 | 35.33% | 2,335 | 64.59% | 3 | 0.08% |
| 1956 | 1,444 | 45.44% | 1,728 | 54.37% | 6 | 0.19% |
| 1952 | 2,188 | 65.02% | 1,160 | 34.47% | 17 | 0.51% |
| 1948 | 1,179 | 41.09% | 1,565 | 54.55% | 125 | 4.36% |
| 1944 | 1,070 | 37.78% | 1,745 | 61.62% | 17 | 0.60% |
| 1940 | 1,555 | 35.41% | 2,820 | 64.21% | 17 | 0.39% |
| 1936 | 857 | 19.34% | 3,186 | 71.89% | 389 | 8.78% |
| 1932 | 706 | 19.59% | 2,855 | 79.22% | 43 | 1.19% |
| 1928 | 1,327 | 37.50% | 2,181 | 61.63% | 31 | 0.88% |
| 1924 | 869 | 35.92% | 137 | 5.66% | 1,413 | 58.41% |
| 1920 | 2,139 | 75.05% | 535 | 18.77% | 176 | 6.18% |
| 1916 | 600 | 40.00% | 762 | 50.80% | 138 | 9.20% |
| 1912 | 339 | 26.74% | 396 | 31.23% | 533 | 42.03% |
| 1908 | 811 | 55.32% | 529 | 36.08% | 126 | 8.59% |
| 1904 | 912 | 66.38% | 366 | 26.64% | 96 | 6.99% |
| 1900 | 566 | 60.41% | 355 | 37.89% | 16 | 1.71% |
| 1896 | 306 | 47.44% | 331 | 51.32% | 8 | 1.24% |
| 1892 | 273 | 57.84% | 0 | 0.00% | 199 | 42.16% |
Education[]
School districts include:[22]
- Belcourt Public School District 7 (as the Turtle Mountain Community School, in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE))
- Bottineau Public School District 1
- Dunseith Public School District 1
- Mount Pleasant Public School District 4
- North Star School District
- Rolette Public School District 29
- Rugby Public School District 5
- St. John Public School District 3
Former districts:
See also[]
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Rolette County, North Dakota
References[]
- ^ a b "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Rolette County, North Dakota" (in en). United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/rolettecountynorthdakota/PST045221.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx.
- ^ "Dakota Territory, South Dakota, and North Dakota: Individual County Chronologies". Dakota Territory Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2006. http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/DAKs_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm.
- ^ "County History". Official Portal for North Dakota State Government. http://www.nd.gov/content.htm?parentCatID=83&id=County%20History.
- ^ a b Rolette County ND Google Maps (accessed February 24, 2019)
- ^ ""Find an Altitude/Rolette County ND" Google Maps (accessed February 24, 2019)". https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm.
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_38.txt.
- ^ "US Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu.
- ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed (April 20, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/nd190090.txt.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf.
- ^ a b c "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US38079.
- ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US38079.
- ^ "Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US38079.
- ^ "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US38079.
- ^ Geographie Electorale
- ^ David Leip's Presidential Atlas (Maps for North Dakota by election)
- ^ The New York Times electoral map (Zoom in on North Dakota)
- ^ 2012 presidential election results from North Dakota, New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
- ^ 2016 presidential election results from North Dakota, New York Times (December 20, 2016). Retrieved December 27, 2016.
- ^ Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS.
- ^ a b "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Rolette County, ND". U.S. Census Bureau. https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st38_nd/schooldistrict_maps/c38079_rolette/DC20SD_C38079.pdf. Retrieved 2022-07-23. - Text list - The map shows Wolford district's boundaries even though it was disestablished in 2019. 2010 map, 2010 text list
- ^ "Enrollment History Public School Districts 2009-2021". North Dakota Department of Public Instruction. https://www.nd.gov/dpi/sites/www/files/documents/Data/EnrollmentHistoryPublicSchoolDistrict.xlsx. Retrieved 2021-08-19. - Check the 2019-2020 spreadsheet, which does not list Wolford, while previous years do.
External links[]
- Rolette County map, North Dakota DOT
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Municipality of Two Borders & Municipality of Killarney-Turtle Mountain, Manitoba 
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| Bottineau County | 
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Towner County | ||
   Rolette County, North Dakota | ||||
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| Pierce County |
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