| Penza Oblast | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Пензенская область (Russian) | |||
| — Oblast — | |||
|
|||
| Anthem: Anthem of Penza Oblast[1] | |||
 |
|||
| Coordinates: Coordinates: | |||
| Political status | |||
| Country | Russia | ||
| Federal district | Volga[2] | ||
| Economic region | Volga[3] | ||
| Established | February 4, 1939[4] | ||
| Administrative center | Penza[5] | ||
| Government (as of December 2014) | |||
| - Governor[6] | Ivan Belozertsev[7] | ||
| - Legislature | Legislative Assembly[6] | ||
| Statistics | |||
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[8] | |||
| - Total | 43,200 km2 (16,679.6 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 59th | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[9] | |||
| - Total | 1,386,186 | ||
| - Rank | 32nd | ||
| - Density[10] | 32.09 /km2 (83.1 /sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 67.1% | ||
| - Rural | 32.9% | ||
| Population (January 2015 est.) | 1,355,618 inhabitants[11] | ||
| Time zone(s) | MSK (UTC+04:00)[12] | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-PNZ | ||
| License plates | 58 | ||
| Official languages | Russian[13] | ||
| Official website | |||
Penza Oblast (Russian: Пе́нзенская о́бласть, Penzenskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Penza. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,386,186.[9]
Geography[]
Main rivers[]
The Sura River
Penza Oblast has over 3000 rivers; the overall length is 15,458 km. The biggest rivers are:
- Sura;
- Moksha;
- Khopyor.
- Penza River gave its name to the city of Penza.
Fauna[]
There are 316 species of vertebrates within the region, including:
- about 10 species of amphibians;
- about 200 species of birds;
- about 8 species of reptiles;
- about 68 species of mammals (fox, rabbit, ferret, badger, squirrel).
Seven existing species of mammals were already acclimatized on land: the American mink, muskrat, raccoon dog, wild boar, Siberian roe deer, red deer and Sika deer. In parallel, work has been carried out to reintroduce the Forest-steppe marmot, the Eurasian beaver and the Russian desman (a species of mole that resembles a muskrat).
In the waters of Penza Oblast, there are about 50 species of fish. The largest body of water – the Sursko reservoir – is home to around 30 species. Commercial species include bream, silver bream, pikeperch, ide, and catfish. In the rivers and smalls pond dwell roach, perch, carp, and pike. The most valuable fish to be found in the natural waters is the sterlet.
Climate[]
| Climate data for Penza (1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
5.0 (41.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
38.0 (100.4) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.2 (99.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −6.9 (19.6) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
0.3 (32.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
8.9 (48.0) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
9.7 (49.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) |
−10 (14.0) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
6.4 (43.5) |
13.9 (57.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −13.9 (7.0) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.9 (53.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −39 (−38.2) |
−40 (−40.0) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−20 (−4.0) |
−6 (21.2) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
2.0 (35.6) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−40 (−40.0) |
−40 (−40.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 41 (1.61) |
29 (1.14) |
32 (1.26) |
36 (1.42) |
41 (1.61) |
62 (2.44) |
67 (2.64) |
56 (2.2) |
53 (2.09) |
49 (1.93) |
52 (2.05) |
45 (1.77) |
563 (22.17) |
| Source: Гидрометцентр, Погода и Климат | |||||||||||||
History[]
The regional center of Penza was built in 1663 as a Russian fortress on the border of the Wild Fields, although evidence of the presence of more ancient settlements has been found in the modern city.
Penza Province was established within Kazan Governorate in 1718. It became a separate Penza Governorate on September 15, 1780, which existed until March 5, 1797, when it was dissolved and merged into Saratov Governorate. Penza Governorate was re-established on September 9, 1801 and existed until 1928. Between 1928 and 1937, the territory of the former governorate underwent a number of administrative transformations, ending up as a part of Tambov Oblast in 1937. On February 4, 1939, modern Penza Oblast was established[4] by splitting it out of Tambov Oblast. In March 1939, the Penza Oblast Committee of the CPSU was formed, the first secretary of the committee being Alexander Kabanov.
Administrative divisions[]
Penza Oblast is divided into 27 rayons]] (districts) and 3 cities, which are further divided into 8 towns, 16 urban-type settlements, and 271 rural okrugs.
Urban Okrugs (Circles)
| № | Coat of Arms | Name of Urban okrug |
Area (km²) |
Population (2010). |
Population Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 
|
Smolensk | 288.5 | 326 863 | 1 |
| II | - | Desnogorsk | 43.0 | 31 063 | 2 |
Bashmakovo
Bekovo
Belinsky
Bessonovka
Badinsk
Gorodishche
Zemetchino
Issa
Kamenka
Kameshkir
Kolyshley
Kuznetsk
Lopatino
Lunino
MalayaSerdoba
Rudnya
Safonovo
Sychyovka
Ugra
Kholm-Zhirkovsky
Yartsevo
Rayons (Districts):
| № | Coat of Arms | Name of rayon | Area (km²) |
Area rank |
Population '000 (2010) |
Population rank |
Аdministrative center |
Population '000 (2010) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
|
Bashmakovo Rayon | Bashmakovo | |||||
| 2 |
|
Bekovo Rayon | Bekovo | |||||
| 3 |
|
Belinsky Rayon | Belinsky | |||||
| 4 |
|
Bessonovka Rayon | Bessonovka | |||||
| 5 |
|
Badinsk Rayon | Badinsk | |||||
| 6 |
|
Gorodishche Rayon | Gorodishche | |||||
| 7 | File:File:Coat of Arms of Zemetchinsky rayon (Penza oblast).png | Zemetchino Rayon | Zemetchino | |||||
| 8 |
|
Issa Rayon | Issa | |||||
| 9 |
|
Kamenka | Kamenka | |||||
| 10 |
|
Kameshkir Rayon | Russkiy Kameshkir | |||||
| 11 |
|
Kolyshley Rayon | Kolyshley | |||||
| 12 |
|
Kuznetsk Rayon | Kuznetsk | |||||
| 13 |
|
Lopatino Rayon | Lopatino | |||||
| 14 |
|
Lunino Rayon | Lunino | |||||
| 15 |
|
Malaya Serdoba Rayon | Malaya Serdoba |
| ||||
| 16 |
|
Rudnya Rayon | 2111.0 | 10 | 24,551 | 9 | Rudnya | 10,029 |
| 17 |
|
Safonovo Rayon | 2258.0 | 9 | 58,871 | 3 | Safonovo | 43,486 |
| 18 | 
|
Smolensk Rayon | 2895.0 | 5 | 45,081 | 5 | Smolensk | - |
| 19 |
|
Sychyovka Rayon | 1791.1 | 14 | 13,405 | 14 | Sychyovka | 7,512 |
| 20 | Tyomkino Rayon | 1324.2 | 21 | 6,258 | 24 | Tyomkino | 2,692 | |
| 21 |
|
Ugra Rayon | 2900.0 | 4 | 9.599 | 22 | Ugra | 4,510 |
| 22 | - | Khislavichi Rayon | 1161.0 | 23 | 9,913 | 21 | Khislavichi | 4,325 |
| 23 |
|
Kholm-Zhirkovsky Rayon | 2033.4 | 11 | 10,943 | 19 | Kholm-Zhirkovsky | 3,470 |
| 24 | - | Shumyachi Rayon | 1367.7 | 20 | 11,413 | 16 | Shumyachi | 4,387 |
| 25 |
|
Yartsevo Rayon | 1618.9 | 16 | 55,903 | 4 | Yartsevo | 48,829 |
Economy[]
Penza Oblast is part of the Volga economic region. The oblast is one of Russia's leading producers of wheat, rye, oats, millet, buckwheat, cereal and forage crops, vegetables, potatoes, mustard, and meat.[14]
Politics[]
Seat of the Oblast government
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared among three persons: The first secretary of the Penza CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.
The Charter of Penza Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Penza Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Demographics[]
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Religion in Penza Oblast (2012)[15][16]
Population: 1,386,186 (2010 Census);[9] 1,452,941 (2002 Census);[17] 1,504,309 (1989 Census).[18]
- Vital statistics for 2012
2009 - 1.38 | 2010 - 1.37 | 2011 - 1.36 | 2012 - 1.48 | 2013 - 1.49 | 2014 - 1.53 | 2015 - 1.55 | 2016 - 1.50(e)
Ethnic composition (2010):[9]
- Russians: 86.8%
- Tatars: 6.4%
- Mordvins: 4.1%
- Ukrainians: 0.7%
- Chuvash people: 0.4%
- Armenians: 0.3%
- Others ethnicities: 1.3%
- Additionally, 43,283 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[21]
- Births: 7,962 (Jan-July 2008)
- Deaths: 13,608 (Jan-July 2008)[22]
Religion[]
| Religion in Penza Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[23][24] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russian Orthodoxy | 62.9% | |||
| Other Orthodox | 0.7% | |||
| Other Christians | 2.2% | |||
| Islam | 5.7% | |||
| Spiritual but not religious | 14.6% | |||
| Atheism and irreligion | 9.1% | |||
| Other and undeclared | 4.8% | |||
According to a 2012 survey,[23] 62.9% of the population of Penza Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 2% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, and 7% are Muslims. In addition, 15% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 9% is atheist, and 3.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[23]
Troitse-Scanov Convent
Tourists near Oldman Khopyor at river source
Culture and recreation[]
Tourism[]
- Troitse-Scanov Convent
- State Lermontov Museum and Reserve of Tarkhany
Notable people[]
- Vasily Klyuchevsky (1841–1911) — a leading Russian historian of the late imperial period.
- Aristarkh Lentulov (1882–1943) – a Russian avant-garde artist of Cubist orientation who also worked on set designs for the theatre.
- Yevgeny Rodionov (1977–1996) – a Russian soldier who was murdered in Chechen captivity for his refusal to convert to Islam and defect to the enemy side.
- Victor Skumin[25] (1948–) – a Russian scientist first describes "cardioprosthetic psychopathological syndrome",[26] later known as Skumin syndrome,[27] a form of anxiety suffered by recipients of artificial heart valves.[28][29]
See also[]
- List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Penza Oblast
References[]
Notes[]
- ^ Law #828-ZPO
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ a b USSR. Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Union Republics, p. 202
- ^ Charter of Penza Oblast, Article 8
- ^ a b Charter of Penza Oblast, Article 7
- ^ Official website of Penza Oblast. Ivan Alexandrovich Belozertsev, Governor of Penza Oblast (Russian)
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ a b c d "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1)]" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Penza Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность постоянного населения Пензенской области на 1.01.2015 (Russian)
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ Official the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ "Archived copy". http://russiaprofile.org/bg_places/resources_territory_districts_penza.html.
- ^ Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
- ^ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
- ^ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ "Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации". http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ "Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики". http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. 2011-12-19. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ^ "Error: no
|title=specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). penza.ru. Archived on May 26, 2008. Error: If you specify|archivedate=, you must also specify|archiveurl=. http://www.penza.ru/common/pepole. - ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
- ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
- ^ "Professor Victor A. Skumin, D.M.Sci." (in Russian). 2009. http://kult-zdor.ru/?page_id=163.
- ^ (1980) "Psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of patients after the surgical treatment". Cardiology 20 (6): 45–51. PMID 7392405.
- ^ "Skumin syndrome". Genex. http://genex.ua/site/page.php?lang=RU&id_part=148&id_word=85&bp=4.
- ^ Ruzza, Andrea (16 October 2013). "Nonpsychotic mental disorder after open heart surgery". Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 22 (3): 374. DOI:10.1177/0218492313493427. PMID 24585929.
- ^ Skumin, V. A. (1982). "Nonpsychotic mental disorders in patients with acquired heart defects before and after surgery (review)". Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 82.
Sources[]
- Законодательное Собрание Пензенской области. Закон №828-ЗПО от 28 июня 2005 г. «О гимне Пензенской области», в ред. Закона №1507-ЗПО от 2 апреля 2008 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Пензенской области в связи с принятием Закона Пензенской области "Кодекс Пензенской области об административных правонарушениях"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования (26 июля 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Пензенские губернские ведомости", №16, с. 108, 15 июля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Penza Oblast. Law #828-ZPO of June 28, 2005 On the Anthem of Penza Oblast, as amended by the Law #1507-ZPO of April 2, 2008 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Penza Oblast Due to the Adoption of the Law of Penza Oblast "Administrative Infractions Code of Penza Oblast". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication (July 26, 2005).).
- Template:RussiaBasicLawRef/pnz
- Дударев, В. А.; Евсеева, Н. А. (1987). И. Каманина. ed (in Russian). Moscow.
External links[]
- Official website of Penza Oblast Government
- Official website of Penza Oblast (Russian)
- "PenzaNews" news agency
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