October 19 leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . There are 72 days remaining until the end of the year.
202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal .
439 - The Vandals , led by King Gaiseric , take Carthage in North Africa .
1216 - King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry .
1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ends with the Second Treaty of Toruń . Gdansk Pomerania and Prussia as a whole are incorporated into Poland ; the Teutonic Knights are allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals .
1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile , a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain .
1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia ).
1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia , British commander Lord Cornwallis surrendered to a Franco -American force led by George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau , paving the way for the end of the American Revolutionary War .
1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States .
1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow .
1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
1822 - In Parnaíba ; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí .
1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early .
1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans from Canada .
1873 - Yale , Princeton , Columbia , and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
1904 - Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley.
1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli , Libya from the Ottoman Empire .
1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
1917 - Love Field in Dallas is opened.
1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations .
1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia .
1943 - Streptomycin , the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis , is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University .
1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines .
1950 - The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet .
1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
1960 - The United States government places an embargo on Communist Cuba .
1969 - The first Prime Minister of Tunisia in twelve years , Bahi Ladgham , is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba .
1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes .
1974 - Niue becomes self-governing colony of New Zealand
1976 - Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon . The same day, the Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ) is placed on the List of Endangered Species.
1983 - Maurice Bishop , Prime Minister of Grenada , is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard .
1986 - Samora Machel , President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO , and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains .
1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf , the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms .
1987 - (Black Monday ) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points. This is considered a Stock Market Crash .
1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice .
1991 - 7.0 Richter Scale earthquake in Northern Italy - 2000 dead
1998 - The Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in Vail , causing $12 million in damage.
2001 - SIEV-X , an Indonesian fishing boat en-route to Christmas Island , carrying over 400 asylum seekers , sank in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II .
2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.
2004 - Care International aid worker Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in Iraq .
2005 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity .
2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
2005 - The last Major League Baseball game is played at Busch Memorial Stadium .
2006 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 12,000 mark for the first time .
2007 - Philippines . Amidst corruption controversies hounding the Arroyo administration, a bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in Makati , which killed 11 and injured more than 100 people.
1276 - Prince Hisaaki , Japanese shogun (d. 1328 )
1433 - Marsilio Ficino , Italian philosopher (d. 1499 )
1562 - Archbishop George Abbot , Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633 )
1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich , Tsarevich (d. 1591 )
1605 - Thomas Browne , English writer (d. 1682 )
1610 - James Butler , English statesman and soldier (d. 1688 )
1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704 )
1680 - John Abernethy , Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740 )
1688 - William Cheselden , English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752 )
1718 - Victor-François , Marshal of France (d. 1804 )
1720 - John Woolman , American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772 )
1721 - Joseph de Guignes , French orientalist (d. 1800 )
1784 - John McLoughlin , Canadian fur trader (d. 1857 )
1810 - Cassius Marcellus Clay , American abolitionist (d. 1903 )
1851 - Empress Myeongseong , Empress of Korea (d. 1895 )
1858 - George Albert Boulenger , Belgian naturalist (d. 1937 )
1862 - Auguste Lumière , French inventor (d. 1954 )
1873 - Jaap Eden , Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925 )
1873 - John Barton King , American cricketer (d. 1965 )
1876 - Mordecai Brown , baseball player (d. 1945 )
1882 - Umberto Boccioni , futurist painter (d. 1916 )
1885 - Charles Merrill , American investment banker (d. 1956 )
1895 - Lewis Mumford , American historian (d. 1990 )
1895 - Frank Durbin Last U.S veteran of the Battle of Verdun (d.1999 )
1896 - Bob O'Farrell , baseball player (d. 1988 )
1897 - Salimuzzaman Siddiqui , Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994 )
1899 - Miguel Ángel Asturias , Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974 )
1900 - Bill Ponsford , Australian cricketer (d. 1991 )
1900 - Roy Worters , Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957 )
1900 - Erna Berger , German soprano (d. 1990 )
1901 - Arleigh Burke , Naval commander (d. 1996 )
1903 - Tor Johnson , Swedish wrestler and actor (d. 1971 )
1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn , American bandleader (d. 1962 )
1908 - Geirr Tveitt , Norwegian composer (d. 1981 )
1909 - Cozy Cole , American jazz drummer (d. 1981 )
1909 - Marguerite Perey , French physicist (d. 1975 )
1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar , Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995 )
1910 - Paul Robert , French lexicographer and publisher (d. 1980 )
1913 - Vinicius de Moraes , Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980 )
1916 - Jean Dausset , French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1916 - Emil Gilels , Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985 )
1920 - Pandurang Shastri Athavale , Indian philosopher (d. 2003 )
1922 - Jack Anderson , American journalist (d. 2005 )
1926 - Joel Feinberg , American moral philosopher (d. 2004 )
1926 - Arne Bendiksen , Norwegian singer and songwriter
1931 - John le Carré , English novelist
1932 - Robert Reed , American actor (d. 1992 )
1936 - Tony Lo Bianco , American actor
1937 - Peter Max , American artist
1937 - Marilyn Bell , Canadian long distance swimmer
1940 - Michael Gambon , Irish actor
1941 - Simon Ward , British actor
1942 - Andrew Vachss , American author and attorney
1943 - Robin Holloway , British composer
1943 - Takis Ikonomopoulos , Greek footballer
1944 - Peter Tosh , Jamaican musician, political activist (d. 1987 )
1944 - George McCrae , American soul singer
1945 - Harris Glen Milstead , American actor and singer best known for his drag persona, Divine. (d. 1988 )
1945 - Patricia Ireland , President of the NOW
1945 - John Lithgow , American actor
1945 - Jeannie C. Riley American country and gospel singer
1946 - Philip Pullman , English writer
1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano , comics artist and illustrator
1948 - Patrick Simmons , American musician (The Doobie Brothers )
1949 - Jamie McGrigor , British politician
1951 - Demetrios Christodoulou , Greek mathematical physicist, recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize
1952 - Verónica Castro , Mexican actress and singer
1954 - Sam Allardyce , English football manager
1954 - Deborah Blum , American writer
1956 - Carlo Urbani , Italian physician (d. 1993 )
1956 - Sunny Deol , Indian actor
1956 - Didier Theys , Belgian racing driver
1957 - Ray Richmond , entertainment/media columnist
1957 - Karl Wallinger , Welsh musician (The Waterboys , World Party )
1958 - Tiriel Mora , Australian actor
1958 - Lou Briel , Puerto Rican singer, composer, actor & showman
1960 - Jonathan FeBland , English musician, writer and artist
1962 - Tracy Chevalier , American author
1962 - Evander Holyfield , American boxer
1963 - Prince Laurent of Belgium
1964 - Jorge Luis Gonzales , Cuban-born American boxer
1965 - Brad Daugherty , American basketball player
1965 - Ty Pennington , American television carpenter
1966 - Roger R. Cross , Jamaican-born actor
1966 - Jon Favreau , American actor, writer and director
1967 - Yoko Shimomura , Japanese composer
1969 - Trey Parker , American cartoonist, comedian, writer, and actor
1969 - Erwin Sánchez , Bolivian footballer
1970 - Chris Kattan , American comedian and actor
1972 - Keith Foulke , American baseball pitcher
1972 - Pras , American musician
1973 - Hicham Arazi , Moroccan tennis player
1973 - Joaquin Gage , Canadian ice hockey player
1976 - Joy Bryant , American actress
1976 - Omar Gooding , American actor
1976 - Desmond Harrington , American actor
1976 - Dan Smith , Canadian ice hockey player
1976 - Michael Young , baseball player
1977 - Louis-José Houde , Québec stand-up comic
1977 - Jason Reitman , Canadian filmmaker
1977 - Raúl Tamudo , Spanish footballer
1978 - Enrique Bernoldi , Brazilian Formula One driver
1978 - Zakhar Dubenskiy , Russian footballer
1979 - Brian Robertson , American trombonist (Suburban Legends )
1979 - José Luis "Parejita" López , Mexican footballer
1980 - Benjamin Salisbury , American actor
1981 - Heikki Kovalainen , Finnish Formula One driver
1982 - Gonzalo Pineda , Mexican footballer
727 - Saint Frideswide
1187 - Pope Urban III
1216 - King John
1432 - John de Mowbray , English politician (b. 1392 )
1587 - Francesco I de' Medici (b. 1541 )
1608 - Martin Delrio , Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551 )
1636 - Marcin Kazanowski , Polish politician
1682 - Thomas Browne , English writer (b. 1605 )
1723 - Godfrey Kneller , German-born painter (b. 1646 )
1745 - Jonathan Swift , Irish author (b. 1667 )
1790 - Lyman Hall , American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724 )
1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski , Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763 )
1842 - Aleksey Koltsov , Russian poet (b. 1808 )
1851 - Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b. 1778 )
1856 - William Sprague III , American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1799 )
1889 - King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838 )
1897 - George Pullman , American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831 )
1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen , Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829 )
1918 - Harold Lockwood , American actor (b. 1887 )
1936 - Lu Xun , Chinese writer (b. 1881 )
1937 - Ernest Rutherford , New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871 )
1943 - Camille Claudel , French sculptor (b. 1864 )
1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay , American poet (b. 1892 )
1956 - Isham Jones , American musician (b. 1894 )
1960 - George Wallace , Australian vaudevillian and film comedian (b. 1895 )
1973 - Walt Kelly , American cartoonist (b. 1913 )
1978 - Gig Young , American actor (b. 1913 )
1983 - Maurice Bishop , Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944 )
1985 - Alfred Rouleau , French Canadian businessman (b. 1915 )
1986 - Dele Giwa , Nigerian journalist
1986 - Samora Machel , President of Mozambique (b. 1933 )
1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré , English cellist (b. 1945 )
1987 - Hermann Lang , German race car driver (b. 1909 )
1988 - Son House , American musician (b. 1902 )
1994 - Martha Raye , American comedian and actress (b. 1916 )
1995 - Don Cherry , American jazz trumpet player (b. 1936 )
1997 - Glen Buxton , American guitarist (b. 1947 )
1999 - Nathalie Sarraute , Russian-born French writer (b. 1900 )
1999 - James C. Murray , American politician (b. 1917 )
2003 - Alija Izetbegović , President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925 )
2003 - Margaret Murie , American conservationist (b. 1902 )
2003 - Michael Hegstrand , American professional wrestler (b. 1957 )
2004 - Kenneth E. Iverson , Canadian computer scientist (b. 1920 )
2005 - Dallas Cook , American musician (Suburban Legends ) (b. 1982 )
2005 - Corinne Lévesque , wife of Quebec premier René Lévesque (b. 1943 )
2006 - James Glennon , American cinematographer (b. 1942 )
2007 - LaLa Brown , American singer and protégé of Lyfe Jennings (b. 1986 )
2007 - Dr. Randall Forsberg , American nuclear freeze advocate (b. 1943 )
2007 - Michael Maidens , English footballer with Hartlepool United (b. 1987 )
2007 - Jan Wolkers , Dutch writer (b. 1925 )
Holidays and observances External links
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