Familypedi… Editing (section) Massachusetts 0 You are not logged in. The rich text editor does not work with JavaScript switched off. Please either enable it in your browser options, or visit your preferences to switch to the old MediaWiki editor <h3>Federal period</h3> <p data-rte-fromparser="true">Bostonian <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22John%20Adams%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22John%20Adams%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BJohn%20Adams%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams" class="mw-redirect">John Adams</a>, known as the "Atlas of Independence", was an important figure in both the struggle for independence as well as the formation of the new United States.<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%3DAdams%3E%7B%7Bcite%20web%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nps.gov%5C%2Fadam%5C%2Fjohn-adams-biography.htm%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20John%20Adams%20%7C%20type%20%3D%20biography%20%7C%20publisher%3DNational%20Park%20Service%20%7C%20accessdate%20%3D%20May%2030%2C%202010%7D%7D%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-Adams_0-0" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-Adams_0-0 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-00000001-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E1%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-00000002-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-Adams-0%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-Adams-0%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2221%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E1%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2222%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" href="#cite_note-Adams-0"><span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>1<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> Adams was highly involved in the push for separation from Britain and the writing of the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Massachusetts%20Constitution%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Massachusetts%20Constitution%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BMassachusetts%20Constitution%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" class="new" title="Massachusetts Constitution (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvTWFzc2FjaHVzZXR0c19Db25zdGl0dXRpb24/YWN0aW9uPWVkaXQmcmVkbGluaz0x">Massachusetts Constitution</a> in 1780 (which, in the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20Elizabeth%20Freeman%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20Freeman%20%28Mum%20Bett%29%20%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BElizabeth%20Freeman%20%28Mum%20Bett%29%20%7C%20Elizabeth%20Freeman%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" class="new" title="Elizabeth Freeman (Mum Bett) (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvRWxpemFiZXRoX0ZyZWVtYW5fKE11bV9CZXR0KT9hY3Rpb249ZWRpdCZyZWRsaW5rPTE="> Elizabeth Freeman</a> and <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Quock%20Walker%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Quock%20Walker%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BQuock%20Walker%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" class="new" title="Quock Walker (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvUXVvY2tfV2Fsa2VyP2FjdGlvbj1lZGl0JnJlZGxpbms9MQ==">Quock Walker</a> cases, effectively made Massachusetts the first state to have a constitution that declared universal rights and, as interpreted by Supreme Judicial Court Chief Justice <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22William%20Cushing%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22William%20Cushing%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BWilliam%20Cushing%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" class="new" title="William Cushing (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvV2lsbGlhbV9DdXNoaW5nP2FjdGlvbj1lZGl0JnJlZGxpbms9MQ==">William Cushing</a>, abolished slavery).<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%3DAdams%20%5C%2F%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-Adams_0-1" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-Adams_0-1 class=reference"><a 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data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" href="#cite_note-Adams-0"><span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>1<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span><span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%20%3D%5C%22sjc-slavery%5C%22%3E%7B%7Bcite%20web%7Curl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mass.gov%5C%2Fcourts%5C%2Fsjc%5C%2Fconstitution-slavery-e.html%7Ctitle%3DMassachusetts%20Constitution%2C%20Judicial%20Review%2C%20and%20Slavery%7F-ENTITY-nbsp-%7F%5Cu2013%20The%20Quock%20Walker%20Case%7Cyear%3D2007%7Cpublisher%3DMassachusetts%20Judicial%20Branch%7Caccessdate%3DDecember%2011%2C%202009%7D%7D%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-sjc-slavery_1-0" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-sjc-slavery_1-0 class=reference"><a 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data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" href="#cite_note-sjc-slavery-1"><span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>2<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span><span class="placeholder placeholder-double-brackets" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22double-brackets%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%7B%7BRefn%20%7C%20group%20%3D%20%5C%22lower-alpha%5C%22%20%7C%20The%20%5B%5BConstitution%20of%20the%20Vermont%20Republic%5D%5D%2C%20adopted%20in%201777%2C%20prohibited%20involuntary%20servitude.%20Vermont%20became%20a%20state%20in%201791%20and%20subsequently%20ratified%20a%20newer%20constitution%20in%201793.%20The%20Pennsylvania%20Gradual%20Abolition%20Act%20of%201780%3Cref%3E%7B%7BCite%20web%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fexplorepahistory.com%5C%2Fodocument.php%3FdocId%3D341%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20Explore%20PA%20history%20%7C%20postscript%20%3D%20%3C%21--%20Bot%20inserted%20parameter.%20Either%20remove%20it%3B%20or%20change%20its%20value%20to%20%5C%22.%5C%22%20for%20the%20cite%20to%20end%20in%20a%20%5C%22.%5C%22%2C%20as%20necessary.%20--%3E%7B%7Binconsistent%20citations%7D%7D%7D%7D.%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%20made%20Pennsylvania%20the%20first%20state%20to%20abolish%20slavery%20by%20statute.%3Cref%3E%7B%7BCite%20document%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20Visitor%20information%20%7C%20contribution%20%3D%20PA%20history%20%7C%20place%20%3D%20PA%2C%20US%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.legis.state.pa.us%5C%2FWU01%5C%2FVC%5C%2FVisitor_info%5C%2Fpa_history%5C%2FII.htm%20%7C%20publisher%20%3D%20Legislature%20%7C%20postscript%20%3D%20%3C%21--%20Bot%20inserted%20parameter.%20Either%20remove%20it%3B%20or%20change%20its%20value%20to%20%5C%22.%5C%22%20for%20the%20cite%20to%20end%20in%20a%20%5C%22.%5C%22%2C%20as%20necessary.%20--%3E%7B%7Binconsistent%20citations%7D%7D%7D%7D.%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%7D%7D%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Refn%20%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%7D" contenteditable="false">​<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[lower-alpha 1]</a></sup>​</span> Later, Adams was active in early American foreign affairs and succeeded Washington as US President.<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%3DAdams%5C%2F%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-Adams_0-2" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-Adams_0-2 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-00000013-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E1%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-00000014-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-Adams-0%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-Adams-0%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2239%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E1%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2240%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" href="#cite_note-Adams-0"><span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>1<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> His son, <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22John%20Quincy%20Adams%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22John%20Quincy%20Adams%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BJohn%20Quincy%20Adams%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams" class="mw-redirect">John Quincy Adams</a>, would go on to become the sixth US President.<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%3DAdams%5C%2F%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-Adams_0-3" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-Adams_0-3 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-00000016-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E1%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-00000017-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-Adams-0%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-Adams-0%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2245%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E1%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2246%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" href="#cite_note-Adams-0"><span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>1<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> </p><p data-rte-fromparser="true" data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">After independence and during the formative years of independent American government, <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Shays%27%20Rebellion%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Shays%27%20Rebellion%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BShays%27%20Rebellion%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" class="new" title="Shays' Rebellion (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvU2hheXMlMjdfUmViZWxsaW9uP2FjdGlvbj1lZGl0JnJlZGxpbms9MQ==">Shays' Rebellion</a> was an <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22armed%20uprising%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22rebellion%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Brebellion%7Carmed%20uprising%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" class="new" title="Rebellion (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvUmViZWxsaW9uP2FjdGlvbj1lZGl0JnJlZGxpbms9MQ==">armed uprising</a> in the western half of the state from 1786 to 1787. The rebels were mostly small farmers angered by crushing war debt and taxes. The rebellion was one of the major factors in the decision to draft a stronger national constitution to replace the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Articles%20of%20Confederation%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Articles%20of%20Confederation%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BArticles%20of%20Confederation%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" class="new" title="Articles of Confederation (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvQXJ0aWNsZXNfb2ZfQ29uZmVkZXJhdGlvbj9hY3Rpb249ZWRpdCZyZWRsaW5rPTE=">Articles of Confederation</a>.<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%3E%7B%7Bcite%20web%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20Shays%20Rebellion%20%7C%20publisher%3DNational%20Park%20Service%20%7C%20accessdate%20%3DMay%2022%2C%202010%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nps.gov%5C%2Fspar%5C%2Fhistoryculture%5C%2Fshays-rebellion.htm%7D%7D%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-5 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-00000019-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E5%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-0000001A-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-5%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-5%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2251%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E5%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2252%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" href="#cite_note-5"><span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>5<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> On February 6, 1788, Massachusetts became the sixth state to ratify the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20US%20Constitution%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22United%20States%20Constitution%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BUnited%20States%20Constitution%7C%20US%20Constitution%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" class="new" title="United States Constitution (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvVW5pdGVkX1N0YXRlc19Db25zdGl0dXRpb24/YWN0aW9uPWVkaXQmcmVkbGluaz0x"> US Constitution</a>.<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%3E%7B%7Bcite%20web%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20The%20Ratification%20of%20the%20U.S.%20Constitution%20in%20Massachusetts%20%7C%20publisher%3D%5B%5BMassachusetts%20Historical%20Society%5D%5D%20%7C%20accessdate%20%3DMay%2022%2C%202010%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.masshist.org%5C%2Fcabinet%5C%2Ffebruary2003%5C%2Ffebruary2003.htm%7D%7D%7B%7BDead%20link%7Cdate%3DOctober%202010%7Cbot%3DH3llBot%7D%7D%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-6 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-0000001C-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E6%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-19909385496010bf94d2623%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQ128f47e67a019094-nowiki-0000001D-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-6%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-6%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2257%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E6%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2258%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" href="#cite_note-6"><span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>6<span data-rte-instance="40-19909385496010bf94d2623" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> </p> <br /><strong data-rte-washtml="1" class="error" data-rte-attribs=" class=error">Cite error: <code data-rte-washtml="1"><ref></code> tags exist, but no <code data-rte-washtml="1"><references/></code> tag was found</strong> <br /><strong data-rte-washtml="1" class="error" data-rte-attribs=" class=error">Cite error: <code data-rte-washtml="1"><ref></code> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <code data-rte-washtml="1"><references group="lower-alpha"/></code> tag was found.</strong><p /> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key genealogy:rte-parser-cache:16023 --> Loading editor Below are some commonly used wiki markup codes. Simply click on what you want to use and it will appear in the edit box above. Insert: – — … ° ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Sign your username: ~~~~ Wiki markup: {{}} | [] [[]] [[Category:]] #REDIRECT [[]] <s></s> <sup></sup> <sub></sub> <code></code> <blockquote></blockquote> <ref></ref> {{Reflist}} <references/> <includeonly></includeonly> <noinclude></noinclude> {{DEFAULTSORT:}} <nowiki></nowiki> <!-- --> <span class="plainlinks"></span> Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶ # ¹ ² ³ ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ ∞ ‘ “ ’ ” «» ¤ ₳ ฿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ € ₠ ₣ ƒ ₴ ₭ ₤ ℳ ₥ ₦ № ₧ ₰ £ ៛ ₨ ₪ ৳ ₮ ₩ ¥ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ View this template This field is a spam trap. DO NOT fill it in! Edit summary Preview Mobile Desktop Show changes
