Familypedi… Editing (section) Massachusetts 0 You are not logged in. The rich text editor does not work with JavaScript switched off. Please either enable it in your browser options, or visit your preferences to switch to the old MediaWiki editor <h3>Federal period</h3> <p data-rte-fromparser="true">Bostonian <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22John%20Adams%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22John%20Adams%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BJohn%20Adams%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams" class="mw-redirect">John Adams</a>, known as the "Atlas of Independence", was an important figure in both the struggle for independence as well as the formation of the new United States.<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%3DAdams%3E%7B%7Bcite%20web%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nps.gov%5C%2Fadam%5C%2Fjohn-adams-biography.htm%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20John%20Adams%20%7C%20type%20%3D%20biography%20%7C%20publisher%3DNational%20Park%20Service%20%7C%20accessdate%20%3D%20May%2030%2C%202010%7D%7D%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-Adams_0-0" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-Adams_0-0 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-00000001-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E1%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-00000002-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-Adams-0%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-Adams-0%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2221%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E1%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2222%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" href="#cite_note-Adams-0"><span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>1<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> Adams was highly involved in the push for separation from Britain and the writing of the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Massachusetts%20Constitution%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Massachusetts%20Constitution%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BMassachusetts%20Constitution%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" class="new" title="Massachusetts Constitution (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvTWFzc2FjaHVzZXR0c19Db25zdGl0dXRpb24/YWN0aW9uPWVkaXQmcmVkbGluaz0x">Massachusetts Constitution</a> in 1780 (which, in the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20Elizabeth%20Freeman%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20Freeman%20%28Mum%20Bett%29%20%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BElizabeth%20Freeman%20%28Mum%20Bett%29%20%7C%20Elizabeth%20Freeman%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" class="new" title="Elizabeth Freeman (Mum Bett) (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvRWxpemFiZXRoX0ZyZWVtYW5fKE11bV9CZXR0KT9hY3Rpb249ZWRpdCZyZWRsaW5rPTE="> Elizabeth Freeman</a> and <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Quock%20Walker%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Quock%20Walker%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BQuock%20Walker%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" class="new" title="Quock Walker (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvUXVvY2tfV2Fsa2VyP2FjdGlvbj1lZGl0JnJlZGxpbms9MQ==">Quock Walker</a> cases, effectively made Massachusetts the first state to have a constitution that declared universal rights and, as interpreted by Supreme Judicial Court Chief Justice <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22William%20Cushing%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22William%20Cushing%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BWilliam%20Cushing%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" class="new" title="William Cushing (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvV2lsbGlhbV9DdXNoaW5nP2FjdGlvbj1lZGl0JnJlZGxpbms9MQ==">William Cushing</a>, abolished slavery).<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%3DAdams%20%5C%2F%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-Adams_0-1" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-Adams_0-1 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-00000004-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E1%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-00000005-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-Adams-0%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-Adams-0%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2227%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E1%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2228%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" href="#cite_note-Adams-0"><span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>1<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span><span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%20%3D%5C%22sjc-slavery%5C%22%3E%7B%7Bcite%20web%7Curl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mass.gov%5C%2Fcourts%5C%2Fsjc%5C%2Fconstitution-slavery-e.html%7Ctitle%3DMassachusetts%20Constitution%2C%20Judicial%20Review%2C%20and%20Slavery%7F-ENTITY-nbsp-%7F%5Cu2013%20The%20Quock%20Walker%20Case%7Cyear%3D2007%7Cpublisher%3DMassachusetts%20Judicial%20Branch%7Caccessdate%3DDecember%2011%2C%202009%7D%7D%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-sjc-slavery_1-0" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-sjc-slavery_1-0 class=reference"><a 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data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" href="#cite_note-sjc-slavery-1"><span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>2<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span><span class="placeholder placeholder-double-brackets" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22double-brackets%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%7B%7BRefn%20%7C%20group%20%3D%20%5C%22lower-alpha%5C%22%20%7C%20The%20%5B%5BConstitution%20of%20the%20Vermont%20Republic%5D%5D%2C%20adopted%20in%201777%2C%20prohibited%20involuntary%20servitude.%20Vermont%20became%20a%20state%20in%201791%20and%20subsequently%20ratified%20a%20newer%20constitution%20in%201793.%20The%20Pennsylvania%20Gradual%20Abolition%20Act%20of%201780%3Cref%3E%7B%7BCite%20web%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fexplorepahistory.com%5C%2Fodocument.php%3FdocId%3D341%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20Explore%20PA%20history%20%7C%20postscript%20%3D%20%3C%21--%20Bot%20inserted%20parameter.%20Either%20remove%20it%3B%20or%20change%20its%20value%20to%20%5C%22.%5C%22%20for%20the%20cite%20to%20end%20in%20a%20%5C%22.%5C%22%2C%20as%20necessary.%20--%3E%7B%7Binconsistent%20citations%7D%7D%7D%7D.%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%20made%20Pennsylvania%20the%20first%20state%20to%20abolish%20slavery%20by%20statute.%3Cref%3E%7B%7BCite%20document%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20Visitor%20information%20%7C%20contribution%20%3D%20PA%20history%20%7C%20place%20%3D%20PA%2C%20US%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.legis.state.pa.us%5C%2FWU01%5C%2FVC%5C%2FVisitor_info%5C%2Fpa_history%5C%2FII.htm%20%7C%20publisher%20%3D%20Legislature%20%7C%20postscript%20%3D%20%3C%21--%20Bot%20inserted%20parameter.%20Either%20remove%20it%3B%20or%20change%20its%20value%20to%20%5C%22.%5C%22%20for%20the%20cite%20to%20end%20in%20a%20%5C%22.%5C%22%2C%20as%20necessary.%20--%3E%7B%7Binconsistent%20citations%7D%7D%7D%7D.%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%7D%7D%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Refn%20%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%7D" contenteditable="false">​<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[lower-alpha 1]</a></sup>​</span> Later, Adams was active in early American foreign affairs and succeeded Washington as US President.<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%3DAdams%5C%2F%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-Adams_0-2" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-Adams_0-2 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-00000013-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E1%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-00000014-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-Adams-0%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-Adams-0%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2239%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E1%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2240%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" href="#cite_note-Adams-0"><span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>1<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> His son, <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22John%20Quincy%20Adams%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22John%20Quincy%20Adams%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BJohn%20Quincy%20Adams%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams" class="mw-redirect">John Quincy Adams</a>, would go on to become the sixth US President.<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%20name%3DAdams%5C%2F%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-Adams_0-3" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-Adams_0-3 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-00000016-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E1%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-00000017-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-Adams-0%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-Adams-0%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2245%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E1%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2246%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" href="#cite_note-Adams-0"><span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>1<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> </p><p data-rte-fromparser="true" data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">After independence and during the formative years of independent American government, <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Shays%27%20Rebellion%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Shays%27%20Rebellion%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BShays%27%20Rebellion%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" class="new" title="Shays' Rebellion (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvU2hheXMlMjdfUmViZWxsaW9uP2FjdGlvbj1lZGl0JnJlZGxpbms9MQ==">Shays' Rebellion</a> was an <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22armed%20uprising%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22rebellion%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Brebellion%7Carmed%20uprising%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" class="new" title="Rebellion (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvUmViZWxsaW9uP2FjdGlvbj1lZGl0JnJlZGxpbms9MQ==">armed uprising</a> in the western half of the state from 1786 to 1787. The rebels were mostly small farmers angered by crushing war debt and taxes. The rebellion was one of the major factors in the decision to draft a stronger national constitution to replace the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Articles%20of%20Confederation%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Articles%20of%20Confederation%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BArticles%20of%20Confederation%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" class="new" title="Articles of Confederation (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvQXJ0aWNsZXNfb2ZfQ29uZmVkZXJhdGlvbj9hY3Rpb249ZWRpdCZyZWRsaW5rPTE=">Articles of Confederation</a>.<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%3E%7B%7Bcite%20web%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20Shays%20Rebellion%20%7C%20publisher%3DNational%20Park%20Service%20%7C%20accessdate%20%3DMay%2022%2C%202010%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nps.gov%5C%2Fspar%5C%2Fhistoryculture%5C%2Fshays-rebellion.htm%7D%7D%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-5 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-00000019-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E5%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-0000001A-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-5%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-5%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2251%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E5%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2252%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" href="#cite_note-5"><span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>5<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> On February 6, 1788, Massachusetts became the sixth state to ratify the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20US%20Constitution%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22United%20States%20Constitution%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BUnited%20States%20Constitution%7C%20US%20Constitution%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" class="new" title="United States Constitution (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvVW5pdGVkX1N0YXRlc19Db25zdGl0dXRpb24/YWN0aW9uPWVkaXQmcmVkbGluaz0x"> US Constitution</a>.<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cref%3E%7B%7Bcite%20web%20%7C%20title%20%3D%20The%20Ratification%20of%20the%20U.S.%20Constitution%20in%20Massachusetts%20%7C%20publisher%3D%5B%5BMassachusetts%20Historical%20Society%5D%5D%20%7C%20accessdate%20%3DMay%2022%2C%202010%20%7C%20url%20%3D%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.masshist.org%5C%2Fcabinet%5C%2Ffebruary2003%5C%2Ffebruary2003.htm%7D%7D%7B%7BDead%20link%7Cdate%3DOctober%202010%7Cbot%3DH3llBot%7D%7D%3C%5C%2Fref%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22ref%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false"><sup data-rte-washtml="1" id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" data-rte-attribs=" id=cite_ref-6 class=reference"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255B%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-0000001C-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E6%3Cspan%20data-rte-instance%3D%5C%2240-2592402615e507e0ed171e%5C%22%20data-rte-meta%3D%5C%22%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522ext%2522%252C%2522wikitext%2522%253A%2522%253Cnowiki%253E%255D%253C%255C%252Fnowiki%253E%2522%252C%2522lineStart%2522%253A%2522%2522%252C%2522placeholder%2522%253A1%252C%2522extName%2522%253A%2522nowiki%2522%257D%5C%22%20class%3D%5C%22placeholder%20placeholder-ext%5C%22%20contenteditable%3D%5C%22false%5C%22%3E%7F%27%5C%22%60UNIQa8f45c7b6c6983-nowiki-0000001D-QINU%60%5C%22%27%7F%26%23x0200B%3B%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%23cite_note-6%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5B%23cite_note-6%7C%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2257%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E6%3Cext%20_rte_wikitextidx%3D%5C%2258%5C%22%3E%3Cname%3Enowiki%3C%5C%2Fname%3E%3Cattr%3E%3C%5C%2Fattr%3E%3Cinner%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Finner%3E%3Cclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%3C%5C%2Fclose%3E%3C%5C%2Fext%3E%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" href="#cite_note-6"><span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5B%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">[​</span>6<span data-rte-instance="40-2592402615e507e0ed171e" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22ext%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cnowiki%3E%5D%3C%5C%2Fnowiki%3E%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%2C%22extName%22%3A%22nowiki%22%7D" class="placeholder placeholder-ext" contenteditable="false">]​</span></a></sup>​</span> </p> <br /><strong data-rte-washtml="1" class="error" data-rte-attribs=" class=error">Cite error: <code data-rte-washtml="1"><ref></code> tags exist, but no <code data-rte-washtml="1"><references/></code> tag was found</strong> <br /><strong data-rte-washtml="1" class="error" data-rte-attribs=" class=error">Cite error: <code data-rte-washtml="1"><ref></code> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <code data-rte-washtml="1"><references group="lower-alpha"/></code> tag was found.</strong><p /> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key genealogy:rte-parser-cache:16023 --> Loading editor Below are some commonly used wiki markup codes. 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