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Kalkaska County, Michigan
Kalkaska County Government Offices (Michigan)
Kalkaska County Government Offices in Kalkaska
Map of Michigan highlighting Kalkaska County
Location in the state of Michigan
Map of the U.S
Michigan's location in the U.S.
Founded 1840 (established)
1871 (organized)[1]
Seat Kalkaska
Largest city Kalkaska
Area
 - Total
 - Land
 - Water

571 sq mi (1,479 km²)
560 sq mi (1,450 km²)
11 sq mi (28 km²), 1.9%
Population
 - (2020)
 - Density

17,939
31/sq mi (12/km²)
Congressional district 1st
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4

Kalkaska County ( /kælˈkæskə/ kal-KASS-kə) is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 17,939.[2] The county seat is Kalkaska.[3]

Kalkaska County is included in the Traverse City Micropolitan Statistical Area. Although it is located on Michigan's Lower Peninsula, Kalkaska County is considered part of Northern Michigan.

Etymology of the name[]

The county's name is a pseudo-Native American word coined by Henry Schoolcraft, a Michigan geographer and ethnologist.[4] The name is thought to be a Chippewa word meaning flat or burned-over country. An alternative theory is that this is a neologism or neonym created by Henry Schoolcraft, originally spelled Calcasca. Some theorists suggest this is word play. Schoolcraft's family name had been Calcraft, and the Ks may have been added to make the name appear more like a Native American word.[5]

History[]

1842 Leelenaw Omeena Negissee Wabbassee Okkuddo Shawwano counties Michigan

A detail from A New Map of Michigan with its Canals, Roads & Distances (1842) by Henry Schenck Tanner, showing Kalkaska County as "Wabbassee" (a misspelling of Wabassee, the county's name from 1840 to 1843.[6]) Several nearby counties are also shown with names that would later be changed.

The county was formed in 1840 and called Wabassee County until 1843.[6][1] The first settler in Kalkaska County was William Copeland, from England, who purchased land in the northwest corner of the county in 1855. Logging was the first important industry. The discovery of substantial deposits of oil and natural gas resulted in the construction of a processing plant by Shell Oil Company in 1973 and a major economic boom in the community.

Geography[]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 571 square miles (1,480 km2), of which 560 square miles (1,500 km2) is land and 11 square miles (28 km2) (1.9%) is water.[7]

Kalkaska Sand, the state soil of Michigan, was named after the county because of the large amounts deposited in the area from glaciers in the Ice Age.

Kalkaska County has over 80 lakes and 275 miles (443 km) of streams and rivers. Much of the county is marshland. County elevation ranges from 595 feet (181 m) to about 1,246 feet (380 m). This makes it one of the more uneven counties in the Lower Peninsula.

The Pere Marquette State Forest covers much of the county. Glaciers shaped the area, creating a unique regional ecosystem. A large portion of the area is the Grayling outwash plain, a broad outwash plain including sandy ice-disintegration ridges; jack pine barrens, some white pine-red pine forest, and northern hardwood forest. Large lakes were created by glacial action.[8]

Lakes[]

  • Torch Lake
  • Starvation Lake
  • Lake Skegemog
  • Bear Lake
  • Manistee Lake
  • Grass Lake
  • Rainbow Lake
  • Blue Lake
  • Cub Lake
  • Twin Lake
  • Little Twin Lake
  • Pickerel Lake
  • Squaw Lake
  • Indian Lake
  • Perch Lake
  • Crawford Lake
  • Lost Lake
  • Johnson Rd Lake
  • Log Lake
  • Selkirk Lake
  • Kettle Lake
  • Lake Placid
  • Sand Lake
  • Twenty Eight Lakes
  • East Lake
  • Long Lake
  • Lake Five
  • Wheeler Lake

Rivers[]

  • Boardman River
  • Little Rapid River
  • Manistee River
  • Rapid River
  • Torch River

Major highways[]

  • US 131 US 131 – runs NE through the western part of the county. Enters at 4 miles (6.4 km) north of SW corner; exits into Antrim County near midpoint of north county line.
  • M-66 M-66 – runs north–south through west-central part of county. Passes Kalkaska.
  • M-72 M-72 – runs east and ESE through middle portion of county. Passes Kalkaska.

Adjacent counties[]

Demographics[]

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1870 424
1880 2,937 592.7%
1890 5,160 75.7%
1900 7,133 38.2%
1910 8,097 13.5%
1920 5,577 −31.1%
1930 3,799 −31.9%
1940 5,159 35.8%
1950 4,597 −10.9%
1960 4,382 −4.7%
1970 5,272 20.3%
1980 10,952 107.7%
1990 13,497 23.2%
2000 16,571 22.8%
2010 17,153 3.5%
US Decennial Census[9]
1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11]
1990-2000[12] 2010-2020[2]

As of the 2010 United States Census[13] there were 16,571 people, 6,428 households, and 4,634 families residing in the county. The population density was 30 people per square mile (11/km2). There were 10,822 housing units at an average density of 19 per square mile (7/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.44% White, 0.21% Black or African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, 0.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.6% were of German, 12.4% English, 10.4% Irish, 10.0% American, 6.3% Polish and 5.1% French ancestry. 98.8% spoke English as their first language.

There were 6,428 households, out of which 31.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.60% were married couples living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.90% were non-families. 22.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.95.

The county population contained 25.60% under the age of 18, 7.60% from 18 to 24, 28.60% from 25 to 44, 24.50% from 45 to 64, and 13.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,072, and the median income for a family was $39,932. Males had a median income of $31,860 versus $20,455 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,309. About 8.20% of families and 10.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.20% of those under age 18 and 7.00% of those age 65 or over.

Government[]

Kalkaska County voters have been reliably Republican from the start. They have selected the Republican Party nominee in 85% of national elections (29 of 35).

United States presidential election results for Kalkaska County, Michigan[14]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 7,436 69.95% 3,002 28.24% 193 1.82%
2016 6,116 69.24% 2,280 25.81% 437 4.95%
2012 4,901 59.06% 3,272 39.43% 126 1.52%
2008 4,527 53.27% 3,780 44.48% 192 2.26%
2004 5,084 60.67% 3,189 38.05% 107 1.28%
2000 3,842 56.10% 2,774 40.50% 233 3.40%
1996 2,455 40.28% 2,666 43.74% 974 15.98%
1992 2,173 33.82% 2,297 35.75% 1,956 30.44%
1988 3,369 61.21% 2,092 38.01% 43 0.78%
1984 3,623 69.15% 1,595 30.44% 21 0.40%
1980 2,802 56.42% 1,807 36.39% 357 7.19%
1976 2,280 53.13% 1,957 45.61% 54 1.26%
1972 1,855 64.39% 924 32.07% 102 3.54%
1968 1,190 53.29% 753 33.72% 290 12.99%
1964 861 41.31% 1,220 58.54% 3 0.14%
1960 1,341 65.77% 693 33.99% 5 0.25%
1956 1,443 69.11% 636 30.46% 9 0.43%
1952 1,326 72.74% 483 26.49% 14 0.77%
1948 837 65.54% 400 31.32% 40 3.13%
1944 992 70.25% 409 28.97% 11 0.78%
1940 1,155 61.27% 718 38.09% 12 0.64%
1936 855 45.72% 952 50.91% 63 3.37%
1932 705 47.47% 649 43.70% 131 8.82%
1928 988 84.59% 160 13.70% 20 1.71%
1924 966 70.46% 205 14.95% 200 14.59%
1920 890 73.19% 224 18.42% 102 8.39%
1916 724 57.46% 430 34.13% 106 8.41%
1912 448 32.28% 293 21.11% 647 46.61%
1908 1,153 69.33% 356 21.41% 154 9.26%
1904 1,354 83.89% 184 11.40% 76 4.71%
1900 1,312 75.45% 361 20.76% 66 3.80%
1896 940 66.38% 422 29.80% 54 3.81%
1892 717 59.45% 389 32.26% 100 8.29%
1888 798 62.34% 400 31.25% 82 6.41%
1884 630 60.93% 369 35.69% 35 3.38%


The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions—police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc.—are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Events[]

The National Trout Festival is an annual festival since 1936, held in April. It notes the heritage and sportsmanship of Kalkaska.[15]

Communities[]

Kalkaska County, MI census map

U.S. Census data map showing local municipal boundaries within Kalkaska County

Village[]

  • Kalkaska (county seat)

Civil townships[]

  • Bear Lake Township
  • Blue Lake Township
  • Boardman Township
  • Clearwater Township
  • Coldsprings Township
  • Excelsior Township
  • Garfield Township
  • Kalkaska Township
  • Oliver Township
  • Orange Township
  • Rapid River Township
  • Springfield Township

Former townships[]

  • Glade Township
  • Wilson Township

Census-designated places[]

  • Bear Lake
  • Manistee Lake
  • Rapid City
  • South Boardman

Unincorporated communities[]

  • Barker Creek
  • Crofton
  • Darragh
  • Lodi
  • Sigma
  • Torch River

Ghost towns[]

  • Aarwood
  • Amity
  • Clearwater
  • Cold Spring
  • Culver
  • Dowen
  • Excelsior
  • Fletcher
  • France
  • Ivan
  • Kaska
  • Leetsville
  • McGee
  • Rugg
  • Sharon
  • Spencer

See also[]

  • List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Kalkaska County, Michigan
  • Westwood Cemetery (Michigan)

References[]

  1. ^ a b "Bibliography on Kalkaska County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. http://clarke.cmich.edu/resource_tab/bibliographies_of_clarke_library_material/michigan_local_history/county_material/kalkaska.html. 
  2. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/kalkaskacountymichigan/POP010220. 
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx. 
  4. ^ "Michigan Counties". Archive.org. https://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160-15481_20826_20829-54126--,00.html. 
  5. ^ Michigan History, County Names.
  6. ^ a b Newberry Library. "Michigan: Individual County Chronologies". http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/MI_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm. 
  7. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". US Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_26.txt. 
  8. ^ Michigan regional geology. Archived June 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html. 
  10. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu. 
  11. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/mi190090.txt. 
  12. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf. 
  13. ^ "U.S. Census website". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov. 
  14. ^ US Election Atlas
  15. ^ National Trout festival, and picture of 'the trout.'

Further reading[]

  • Kalkaska Genealogical Society: Big Trout, Black Gold: History of Kalkaska County MI

External links[]

Template:Kalkaska County, Michigan Template:Northern Michigan

Coordinates: 44°41′N 85°05′W / 44.69, -85.08

This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Kalkaska County, Michigan. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.
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