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{{bdm}}
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{{other uses}}
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{{ infobox UK place
{{Infobox settlement
 
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| official_name = Dundee
| name =
 
| official_name = City of Dundee
+
| local_name = City of Discovery
  +
| country = Scotland
| native_name =
 
  +
| area_footnotes = <ref name="population" />
| native_name_lang =
 
  +
| area_total_sq_mi = 26
| other_name = Dùn Dè
 
  +
| area_total_km2 =
| settlement_type = [[City status in the United Kingdom|City]] and [[Subdivisions of Scotland#Council areas|council area]]
 
  +
|population= 142,070
  +
|population_ref = <ref name="Population Estimates">{{cite web |url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population-estimates/08mye-localities-table2.xls |title=Mid-2008 Population Estimates &ndash; Localities in order of size |publisher=General Register for Scotland |year=2008 |accessdate=2010-09-07}}</ref>(2008)
  +
|statistic1=
  +
|statistic_title1 =
  +
|statistic2=
  +
|statistic_title2 =
  +
|population_density= {{nowrap|{{Pop density mi2 to km2|8541.8|abbr=yes|precision=1}} }} <!--578790 people/67.76sq mi=8541.76 -->
  +
| os_grid_reference = NO402306
  +
| map_type = Scotland
  +
| latitude = 56.464167
  +
| longitude = -02.970278
  +
| language= [[English language|English]], [[Scots language|Scots]]
  +
| post_town = DUNDEE
  +
| postcode_district = DD1-DD6
  +
| postcode_area = DD
  +
| dial_code = 01382
  +
| constituency_westminster = [[Dundee East (UK Parliament constituency)|Dundee East]]
  +
| constituency_westminster1 = [[Dundee West (UK Parliament constituency)|Dundee West]]
  +
| london_distance =
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| gaelic_name = Dùn Dèagh
  +
| scots_name = Dundee
  +
| unitary_scotland = [[Politics of Dundee|Dundee City]]
  +
| lieutenancy_scotland = Dundee
  +
| constituency_scottish_parliament = [[Dundee East (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Dundee East]]
  +
| constituency_scottish_parliament1 = [[Dundee West (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Dundee West]]
  +
| constituency_scottish_parliament2 = [[Angus (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Angus]]
  +
| constituency_scottish_parliament3 = [[North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region)|North East Scotland]]
  +
| static_image = [[File:442 dundee header.png|250px]]
  +
| static_image_caption = <small>'''Top:''' [[Tay Rail Bridge]], '''Middle''': [[RRS Discovery]] and [[City Centre, Dundee|City Centre]], '''Bottom left:''' [[West End, Dundee|Magdalen Yard Bandstand]], '''Bottom right:''' [[University of Dundee]]. </small>
  +
| website= [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/ www.dundeecity.gov.uk]}}
   
  +
'''Dundee''' ({{IPAc-en|dundee.ogg|d|ʌ|n|ˈ|d|iː}}; from the {{lang-gd|Dùn Dèagh}}) is the fourth-largest [[City status in the United Kingdom|city]] in [[Scotland]] and the 38th [[List of largest United Kingdom settlements by population|most populous settlement]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. It lies within the eastern [[central Lowlands]] on the north bank of the [[Firth of Tay]], which feeds into the [[North Sea]]. Under the name of ''Dundee City'', it forms one of the 32 [[Council areas of Scotland|council areas]] used for [[Local government in Scotland]].
<!-- images, nickname, motto --->
 
  +
| etymology = [[Scottish Gaelic]] - ''Dùn Dè'' (Tay Fort)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=412 |title=Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2011 |access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>
 
  +
Evidence suggests Dundee has been continuously occupied since the [[Mesolithic]]. The town developed into a [[burgh]] in Medieval times, and expanded rapidly in the 19th century largely due to the [[jute]] industry. This, along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jam, jute and journalism".
| nickname = "''The City of Discovery''"
 
| image_skyline = [[File:442 dundee header.png|250px]]
 
| image_caption = ''Top:'' [[Tay Rail Bridge]], ''Middle'': [[RRS Discovery]] and [[City Centre, Dundee|City Centre]], ''Bottom left:'' [[West End, Dundee|Magdalen Yard Bandstand]], ''Bottom right:'' [[University of Dundee]].
 
| image_flag = [[File:Dundee City Flag.png|130px]]
 
| image_seal = [[File:City_of_Dundee_Coat_of_Arms.png|130px]]
 
   
  +
In mid-2008, the population of Dundee City was estimated to be 142,070. Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the time of the 1971 census, but has since declined due to [[emigration]].
<!-- maps and coordinates ------>
 
| pushpin_map = Scotland
 
| pushpin_label_position = right
 
| pushpin_label = Dundee
 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Scotland]]
 
| latd = 56.462
 
| longd = -2.9707
 
| coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
 
| coordinates_type = <!-- parameter list passed to Coord template, overrides coordinates_region -->
 
| coordinates_display = title
 
| coordinates_format = dms
 
   
  +
Today, Dundee is promoted as 'One City Many Discoveries.' This took over from the ''City of Discovery'', in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the [[RRS Discovery|RRS ''Discovery'']], [[Robert Falcon Scott]]'s [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed in the city harbour. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital-entertainment industry. Dundee has two universities—the [[University of Dundee]] and the [[University of Abertay Dundee]].
<!-- location ------------------>
 
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
 
| subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom|size=23px}}}}
 
| subdivision_type2 = [[Country]]
 
| subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Scotland|size=23px}}
 
| subdivision_type3 = [[Subdivisions of Scotland|Council Area]]
 
| subdivision_name3 = Dundee City
 
| subdivision_type4 = [[Lieutenancy areas of Scotland|Lieutenancy Area]]
 
| subdivision_name4 = Dundee
 
 
<!-- established --------------->
 
| established_title = Founded
 
| established_date = {{Circa}} 11th century AD
 
| established_title1 = [[Burgh|Burgh Charter]]
 
| established_date1 = 1191
 
| established_title2 = [[City status in the United Kingdom|City Status]]
 
| established_date2 = 1889
 
 
<!-- government type, leaders -->
 
| government_footnotes =
 
| governing_body = [[Politics of Dundee|Dundee City Council]]
 
| leader_title = [[List of Lord Provosts of Dundee|Lord Provost]]
 
| leader_name = Robert Duncan<ref>{{cite web |author=The Courier |date=7 May 2012 |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/94327/snp-name-bob-duncan-as-choice-for-new-dundee-lord-provost/ |title=Lord Provost |accessdate=7 July 2016 |publisher=D.C. Thomson & Co. Limited}}
 
</ref>
 
| leader_title2 = [[5th Scottish Parliament|MSPs]]
 
| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list |title=[[Politics of Dundee#Scottish Parliament|2]] |[[Joe FitzPatrick]]&nbsp;(SNP) |[[Shona Robison]]&nbsp;(SNP)}}
 
| leader_title3 = [[List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 2015|MPs]]
 
| leader_name3 ={{Collapsible list |title=[[Politics of Dundee#Parliament of the United Kingdom|2]] |[[Stewart Hosie]]&nbsp;(SNP) |[[Chris Law (politician)|Chris Law]]&nbsp;(SNP)}}
 
 
<!-- display settings --------->
 
| total_type = Total
 
 
<!-- area ---------------------->
 
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Population Matters">{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Population Matters}} |url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_85.pdf |title=Population Matters |accessdate=7 July 2016 |publisher=Dundee City Council |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5u3guh0j0 |archivedate=7 November 2010 }}</ref>
 
| area_total_km2 = 60
 
 
<!-- elevation ----------------->
 
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="Population Matters" />
 
| elevation_m = 18
 
 
<!-- population ---------------->
 
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/mid-15-cor-12-13-14/mype-2015-corrections-for-12-13-14-correctedb.pdf |title=Mid-Year Population Estimates - Scotland |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=28 April 2016 |publisher=[[National Records of Scotland]] |access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref>
 
| population_rank = [[List of towns and cities in Scotland by population|4th, Scotland]]
 
| population_density_km2 = 2,477
 
| population_total = 148,210
 
| population_as_of = 2015
 
| population_blank1_title = [[List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom|Metro]]
 
| population_blank1 = 237,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/area.html |title=Scottish Census 2011|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=28 April 2016 |publisher=Scotland's Census |access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref>
 
| population_demonym = Dundonian
 
| population_blank2_title = Language(s)
 
| population_blank2 = [[Scottish English|English]], [[Scots language|Scots]]
 
 
<!-- time zone(s) -------------->
 
| timezone1 = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
 
| utc_offset1 = ±0
 
| timezone1_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
 
| utc_offset1_DST = +1
 
 
<!-- postal codes, area code --->
 
| postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcode Areas]]
 
| postal_code = [[DD postcode area|DD1-5]]
 
| area_code = 01382
 
 
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
 
| blank_name = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]]
 
| blank_info = GB-DND
 
| blank1_name = [[ONS coding system|ONS Code]]
 
| blank1_info = 00QJ
 
| blank2_name = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|OS Grid Reference]]
 
| blank2_info = {{gbmappingsmall|NO4030}}
 
| blank3_name = [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3
 
| blank3_info = UKM21
 
| blank4_name = Primary Airport
 
| blank4_info = [[Dundee Airport]]
 
 
<!-- website, footnotes -------->
 
| website = {{URL|http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/}}
 
}}
 
 
'''Dundee''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=dundee.ogg|d|ʌ|n|ˈ|d|iː}}; {{lang-gd|Dùn Dè}} {{IPA-gd|ˈt̪uːn tʲeː|}}), officially the '''City of Dundee''', is [[Scotland]]'s [[List of towns and cities in Scotland by population|fourth-largest city]] and the [[List of urban areas in the United Kingdom|51st-most-populous built-up area]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. The mid-year population estimate for 2015 was 148,210 which gave Dundee a population density of 2,477/km<sup>2</sup> or 6,420/sq mi, the second-highest of any Scottish city. It lies within the eastern [[central Lowlands]] on the north bank of the [[Firth of Tay]], which feeds into the [[North Sea]]. Under the name of ''Dundee City'', it forms one of the 32 [[Council areas of Scotland|council areas]] used for [[local government in Scotland]].
 
 
[[Shires of Scotland|Historically]] part of [[Angus]], the city developed into a [[burgh]] in medieval times, and expanded rapidly in the 19th century largely due to the [[jute]] industry. This, along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as city of "jute, jam and journalism". Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the 1971 census.
 
 
Today, Dundee is promoted as 'One City, Many Discoveries' in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the [[RRS Discovery|RRS ''Discovery'']], [[Robert Falcon Scott]]'s Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed in the city harbour. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital-entertainment industry. Dundee has two universities—the [[University of Dundee]] and the [[Abertay University]]. In 2014 Dundee was recognised by the United Nations as the UK's first [[UNESCO]] City of Design for its diverse contributions to fields including medical research, comics and video games.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-30275768|title=Dundee awarded UK's first Unesco City of Design status|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-wins-city-of-design-status-from-unesco-1.712577|title=Dundee wins City of Design status from UNESCO|work=thecourier.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/heritage/unesco-hails-dundee-with-city-of-design-award-1-3621185|title=Dundee the UK’s first Unesco ‘City of Design’|work=scotsman.com}}</ref>
 
 
A unique feature of Dundee is that its two professional [[Association football|football]] clubs [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] and [[Dundee F.C.]] have stadiums all but adjacent to each other.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dundeefc.co.uk/the-club/dens-park|title=Dens Park|publisher=Dundee Football Club|accessdate=7 November 2015}}</ref>
 
 
A £1 billion master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre which started in 2001 is expected to be completed within a 30-year period, with the Dundee [[Victoria & Albert Museum]] opening by 2018 at a cost of £80 million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Urquhart|first=Frank|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/arts/news/v-a-museum-at-dundee-could-see-2016-opening-1-3043218|title=V&A Museum at Dundee could see 2016 opening|date=13 August 2013|accessdate=6 July 2014|publisher=''The Scotsman''}}</ref>
 
   
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
{{main article|History of Dundee}}
+
{{main|History of Dundee}}
 
The name "Dundee" is made up of two parts: the common [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] place-name element ''dun'', meaning fort; and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element, cognate with the Gaelic ''dè'', meaning 'fire'.<ref>{{harvnb|Watson|1926|p=220}}; Dundee is also recorded as ''Dun-Tay'', e.g. {{harvnb|Pont c1583-96}}</ref>
 
 
While earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant,<ref>The earliest evidence for human occupation of the area dates from the [[Mesolithic]]: {{harvnb|Mathewson|1879}}; {{harvnb|RCAHMS Canmore database: Dundee, Stannergate}}</ref> Dundee's success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of [[William the Lion]]'s charter, granting Dundee to his younger brother, [[David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon|David]] (later [[Earl of Huntingdon]]) in the late 12th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Barrow|2003|p=266}}</ref> The situation of the town and its promotion by Earl David as a trading centre led to a period of prosperity and growth.<ref>{{harvnb|Barrow|1990|pp=20–21}}; {{harvnb|Turnock|1982|p=23}}; {{harvnb|Mackie|1836|pp=23–24}}</ref> The earldom was passed down to David's descendants, amongst whom was [[John of Scotland|John Balliol]]. The town became a [[Royal Burgh]] on John's coronation as king in 1292.<ref name="Barrow 1990 24">{{harvnb|Barrow|1990|p=24}}</ref> The town and its castle were occupied by English forces for several years during the [[First War of Scottish Independence|First War of Independence]] and recaptured by [[Robert the Bruce]] in early 1312.<ref>{{harvnb|Barrow|1965|p=272}}; p. 374</ref> The original Burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackie|1836|pp=30–32}}; pp. 207–208</ref>
 
 
The burgh suffered considerably during the conflict known as [[the Rough Wooing]] of 1543 to 1550, and was occupied by the English forces of [[Andrew Dudley]] from 1547. In 1548, unable to defend the town against an advancing Scottish force, Dudley ordered that the town be burnt to the ground.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2009|pp=9–10}}; {{harvnb|Merriman|2000}} pp. 263, 292, 304, 360–361</ref> In 1645, during the [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Wars of the Three Kingdoms]], Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|Marquess of Montrose]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lythe|1958|pp=27–28}}; {{harvnb|Reid|1990|pp=97–99}}; {{harvnb|Cowan|1995|pp=195–198}}; {{harvnb|Cullen|Whatley|Young|2009|pp=61–63}}</ref> The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces led by [[General Monck|George Monck]] in 1651.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackie|1836|pp=32–38}}; {{harvnb|Lythe|1958|pp=28–30}}; {{harvnb|Cullen|Whatley|Young|2009|pp=63–64}}</ref> The town played a pivotal role in the establishment of the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] cause when [[John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee]] raised the [[House of Stuart|Stuart]] standard on the [[Law, Dundee|Dundee Law]] in 1689.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|1980|p=30}}; {{harvnb|Patrick|2009|pp=85–88}}</ref> The town was held by the Jacobites in the 1715–16 rising, and on 6 January 1716 the Jacobite claimant to the throne, [[James Francis Edward Stuart|James VIII and III]] (the Old Pretender), made a public entry into the town. Many in Scotland, including many in Dundee, regarded him as the rightful king.<ref>J. Baynes, ''The Jacobite Rising of 1715'' (1970), p.166</ref>
 
 
The economy of mediaeval Dundee centred on the export of raw wool, with the production of finished textiles being a reaction to recession in the 15th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Whatley|Swinfen|Smith|1993|pp=28–30}}</ref> Two government Acts in the mid 18th century had a profound effect on Dundee's industrial success: the textile industry was revolutionised by the introduction of large four-storey mills, stimulated in part by the 1742 Bounty Act which provided a government-funded subsidy on [[Osnaburg]] linen produced for export.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|Swan|Archibald|2009|p=274}}; {{harvnb|Whatley|1992|p=23}}; {{harvnb|Checkland|Checkland|1989|p=45}}; {{harvnb|Durie|1979}} p. 27; p. 52; pp. 146–147;</ref> Expansion of the [[whaling]] industry was triggered by the second Bounty Act, introduced in 1750 to increase Britain's maritime and naval skill base.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|Swan|Archibald|2009|p=275}}</ref> Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.<ref name="Smout 1998 240–248">{{harvnb|Smout|1998|pp=240–248}}</ref>
 
   
  +
The name ''"Dundee"'' is made up of two parts: the Scots Gaelic place-name element ''dùn'', meaning fort; and a second, enigmatic element, which may derive from the Gaelic ''"dèagh"'', meaning 'fire' or from ''"Tay"''.<ref>{{ cite book | last = Taylor | first = I | title = Names and Their Histories: A Handbook of Historical Geography and Topographical Nomenclature | year = 1898 | publisher = Rivingtons | location = London | url = http://books.google.com/?id=NnEOxRtqYXAC&pg=PP4 | isbn = 9780559296680 }}<br>{{ cite web | author= Pont, T. | title =Lower Angus and Perthshire east of the Tay. | publisher =www.nls.uk | date=c1583-96 | url =http://www.nls.uk/maps/counties/detail.cfm?id=289 | accessdate =2008-09-02 }}</ref>
The phasing out of the linen export bounty between 1825 and 1832 stimulated demand for cheaper textiles, particularly for cheaper, tough fabrics.<ref>{{harvnb|Durie|1979|p=169}}</ref> The discovery that the dry fibres of [[jute]] could be lubricated with [[whale oil]] (of which Dundee had a surfeit, following the opening of its gasworks) to allow it to be processed in mechanised mills resulted in the Dundee mills rapidly converting from linen to jute, which sold at a quarter of the price of flax.<ref>{{harvnb|Turnock|1982|p=60}}; p. 122; {{harvnb|Watson|1990|p=14}}; {{harvnb|Watson|2004|p=94}}</ref> Interruption of [[Prussia]]n flax imports during the [[Crimean War]] and of cotton during the [[American Civil War]] resulted in a period of inflated prosperity for Dundee and the jute industry dominated Dundee throughout the latter half of the 19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|Lythe|Gauldie|1969|pp=23–24}}; {{harvnb|Stewart|1998|p=1}}; {{harvnb|Checkland|Checkland|1989|p=48}}</ref> Unprecedented immigration, notably of Irish workers, led to accelerated urban expansion, and at the height of the industry's success, Dundee supported 62 jute mills, employing some 50,000 workers.<ref>{{harvnb|Swift|Gilley|1989|pp=117–118}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Heritage Trust|1998|pp=1–3}}</ref> Cox Brothers, who owned the massive [[Camperdown Works]] in [[Lochee]], were one of the largest jute manufacturers in Europe and employed more than 5,000 workers.<ref name="MS6">{{cite web|title=MS 6 Cox Brothers Ltd, Jute Spinners and Manufacturers, and Cox Family Papers|url=http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=2&dsqSearch=((text)=%27cox%20brothers%27)|work=Archive Services Online Catalogue|publisher=[[University of Dundee]]|accessdate=5 February 2016}}</ref>
 
   
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The area surrounding the modern city has been continuously occupied since the [[Mesolithic]].<ref name="Stannergate">{{ cite web | author = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland | title = Dundee, Stannergate | url = http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore.newcandig_details_gis?inumlink=33477 | publisher = www.rcahms.gov.uk | accessdate = 09-02-27}}</ref> From the [[Iron Age]], through to the early Medieval period, the area formed a [[demesne]] controlled from the Law Hill fort.<ref name = "BarrowDundee"/>
The rise of the textile industries brought with it an expansion of supporting industries, notably of the whaling, maritime and shipbuilding industries,<ref>{{harvnb|Jackson|Kinnear|1990|pp=16–22}}</ref> and extensive development of the waterfront area started in 1815 to cope with increased demand for port capacity.<ref>{{harvnb|McCarthy|2007|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Kenefick|2000|pp=38–50}}</ref> At its height, 200 ships per year were built there, including [[Robert Falcon Scott]]'s Antarctic research vessel, the ''[[RRS Discovery]]''. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Huntford|1986|p=47}}</ref> A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with [[whale oil]]. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.<ref name="whaling">{{harvnb|Hunting the Whale: The Whale Ships}}</ref>
 
   
  +
The earldom of Dundee was granted by charter by [[William I of Scotland|King William]] to his younger brother, [[David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon|David]] (later Earl of Huntingdon) in the late 12th century.<ref>
[[File:SCO Dundee, Tay Rail Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The original [[Tay Rail Bridge|Tay Bridge]] (from the south) the day after the disaster. The collapsed section can be seen near the northern end]]
 
  +
{{Cite book | last = Barrow | first = G.W.S. | contribution = The Beginnings of Military Feudalism | editor-last = Barrow | editor-first = G.W.S. | title = The Kingdom of the Scots | year = 2003 | edition = 2 | publisher = Ediburgh University Press | location = Edinburgh | url = http://books.google.com/?id=TNsrhs2mF3oC | isbn = 9780748618033 }}</ref> The situation of the town and David's promotion of it as a trading centre, lead to a period of prosperity and growth.<ref name = "BarrowDundee">
  +
{{Cite book | last = Barrow | first = G.W.S. | year = 1990 | contribution = Earl David's Burgh | editor-last = Kay | editor-first = W | title = The Dundee Book | publisher = Mainstream Publishing | location = Edinburgh }}</ref><ref name = "historical description">{{ cite book | last = Mackie | first = C | title = Historical description of the town of Dundee. | year = 1836 | publisher = Joseph Swan | location = Glasgow | url = http://books.google.com/?id=VN8HAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage }}</ref> The earldom was passed down to David's descendants amongst whom was [[John of Scotland|John Balliol]], the town becoming a [[Royal Burgh]] on the coronation of John as king in 1292.<ref name = "BarrowDundee"/> Burghal status was revoked during the [[First War of Scottish Independence|First War of Independence]] and subsequently renewed by charter from [[Robert the Bruce]] in 1327.<ref name="historical description"/>
   
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The town suffered large scale destruction during the [[rough wooing]] of 1544 to 1551. In 1645, during the [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Wars of the Three Kingdoms]], Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|Marquess of Montrose]].<ref>{{cite web | year = 2009 | url = http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst176.html | title = Overview of James Graham | work = Gazetteer for Scotland | publisher = University of Edinburgh | accessdate = 7 March 2009 }}</ref> The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces, led by [[General Monck|George Monk]] in 1651.<ref name = "historical description"/> The town became an early site of support for the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] cause when [[John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee]] raised the [[House of Stuart|Stuart]] standard on [[Law, Dundee|Dundee Law]] in 1689, earning him the nickname [[Bonnie Dundee]].<ref>{{cite web | year = 2006 | url = http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst70.html | title = Overview of John Graham of Claverhouse | work = Gazetteer for Scotland | publisher = University of Edinburgh | accessdate = 9 July 2006 }}</ref>
While the city's economy was dominated by the jute industry, it also became known for smaller industries. Most notable among these were [[Keiller's marmalade|James Keiller's and Sons]], established in 1795, which pioneered commercial [[marmalade]] production,<ref>{{harvnb|Mathew|1998|p=12}}</ref> and the publishing firm [[D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd|DC Thomson & Co.]], which was founded in the city in 1905 and remains the largest employer after the health and leisure industries.<ref>{{harvnb|Neuburg|1983|p=75}}</ref> Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.
 
   
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Dundee greatly expanded in size during the [[Industrial Revolution]] mainly because of the burgeoning British Empire trade, flax and then latterly the [[jute]] industry.<ref>{{cite web | year = 2004 | url = http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_chart_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10150553&c_id=10090283&add=N | title = Dundee: Total population | work = A vision of Britain through time; | publisher = University of Portsmouth | accessdate = 8 July 2006 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> By the end of the 19th century, a majority of the city's workers were employed in its many jute mills and in related industries. Dundee's location on a major estuary allowed for the easy importation of jute from the [[Indian subcontinent]] as well as [[whale oil]]—needed for the processing of the jute—from the city's large [[whaling]] industry. The industry began to decline in the 20th century as it became cheaper to process the cloth on the Indian subcontinent. The city's last jute mill closed in the 1970s.
The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the [[Tay Bridge disaster]]. The first [[Tay Rail Bridge]] was opened in 1878. It collapsed some 18 months later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives.<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|2004|p=69}}</ref> The [[1906 Dundee fire|most destructive fire in the city's history]] came in 1906, reportedly sending "rivers of burning whisky" through the street.
 
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[[File:SCO Dundee, Tay Rail Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|The original [[Tay Rail Bridge|Tay Bridge]] (from the south) the day after the disaster. The collapsed section can be seen near the northern end]]
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The city also became known for smaller industries, notably the production of [[Keiller's marmalade]],<ref name="jam">{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/work/scotland/perth_tayside/article_1.shtml | title = Keiller's: Sticky Success | work = Legacies | publisher = BBC | accessdate = 9 July 2006 }}</ref> and the publishing firm [[D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd|DC Thomson & Co.]], which was founded in the city in 1905 and remains the largest employer after the health and leisure industries.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.travelscotland.co.uk/guide/Dundee_History | title = Dundee History | accessdate = 7 June 2006 | work = Travel Scotland | publisher = Travel Scotland Holidays }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/victorian/trails_victorian_dundee.shtml | title = Victorian Dundee&nbsp;— Jute, Jam & Journalism | accessdate = 7 June 2006 | work = The Victorian Achievement&nbsp;— History Trails | publisher = BBC }}</ref> Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.
   
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Dundee's maritime and shipbuilding industry was once a major economic force. At its height, 200 ships per year were built in there, including [[Robert Falcon Scott]]'s Antarctic research vessel, the ''[[RRS Discovery]]''. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city.<ref>{{ cite book | last = Huntford | first = Roland | authorlink = Roland Huntford | title = Shackleton | url = http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/068911429X | format = Hardback | year = 1986 | month = January | publisher = Atheneum | location = }}</ref> A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with [[whale oil]]. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.<ref name="whaling">{{ cite web | url = http://www.historyshelf.org/secf/whale/08.php | title = Hunting the Whale&nbsp;— The Whale Ships | accessdate = 7 July 2006 | year = 2003 | work = HistoryShelf.org | publisher = East Lothian Council }}</ref>
The jute industry fell into decline in the early 20th century, partly due to reduced demand for jute products and partly due to an inability to compete with the emerging industry in [[Calcutta]].<ref>{{harvnb|Roul|2009|p=103}}; {{harvnb|Stewart|1998|pp=16–17}}; {{harvnb|Stewart|2011|p=37}}</ref> This gave rise to unemployment levels far in excess of the national average, peaking in the inter-war period,<ref>{{harvnb|Whatley|1990|p=45}}; {{harvnb|Devine|Lee|Peden|2005|p=166}}</ref> but major recovery was seen in the post-war period, thanks to the arrival first of American light engineering companies like [[Timex Group|Timex]] and [[NCR Corporation|NCR]], and subsequent expansion into microelectronics.<ref>{{harvnb|Devine|Lee|Peden|2005|p=169}}; {{harvnb|Cortada|1993|p=237}}; {{harvnb|Knox|McKinlay|2011|p=266}}</ref>
 
   
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The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the [[Tay Bridge disaster]]. The first [[Tay Rail Bridge|Tay rail bridge]], was opened in 1879. It collapsed less than a year later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives.<ref>{{ cite news | first= | last= | author= | url=http://archive.scotsman.com/article.cfm?id=TSC/1879/12/29/Ar00501 | title=Appalling Catastrophe, Fall of the Tay Bridge | work= | publisher=[[The Scotsman]] | page=5 | date=29 December 1879 | accessdate=2006-07-09 }}</ref>
A £1 billion master plan to regenerate Dundee Waterfront is expected to last for a 30-year period between 2001 and 2031.<ref name="Dundee Waterfront">{{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=100}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Waterfront Brochure}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Central Waterfront Masterplan 2001–2031}}</ref> The aims of the project are to reconnect the city centre to the waterfront; to improve facilities for walking, cyclists and buses; to replace the existing inner ring road with a pair of east/west tree-lined boulevards; and to provide a new civic square and a regenerated railway station and arrival space at the western edge. A new [[Victoria and Albert museum]] is also being built, set for completion by 2018.<ref name="Dundee Waterfront"/>
 
   
 
== Governance ==
 
== Governance ==
{{main article|Politics of Dundee}}
 
[[File:City of Dundee Coat of Arms.png|thumb|City of Dundee Arms since 1996]]
 
   
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{{main|Politics of Dundee}}
Dundee was granted [[Royal Burgh]] status on the coronation of [[John of Scotland|John Balliol]] as King of Scotland in 1292.<ref name="Barrow 1990 24"/> The city has two mottos—{{lang-la|Dei Donum}} (''Gift of God'') and ''Prudentia et Candore'' (With Thought and Purity) although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes.<ref>{{harvnb|Chronicle of The City's Office Bearers, Chambers, Regalia, Castles & Twin Cities}}; the apocryphal toponym ''Dei Donum'' was applied by [[Hector Boece]] in the sixteenth century: {{harvnb|Ferguson|1998|pp=60–61}}</ref>
 
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[[File:DundeeCrest.jpg|thumb|City of Dundee Arms since 1996]]
   
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Dundee became a [[unitary council area]] in 1996 under the ''[[Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994]]'',<ref name="localgovact">{{ cite web | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm | title = Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 | author = Office of Public Sector Information | publisher = www.opsi.gov.uk | accessdate = ? }}</ref> which gave it a single tier of [[Local government of Scotland|local government control]] under the [[Politics of Dundee|Dundee City Council]]. The city has two mottos—{{lang-la|Dei Donum}} ({{lang-en|Gift of God}}) and ''Prudentia et Candore'' (With Thought And Purity),<ref>{{ cite book | title = A Chronicle of The City's Office Bearers, Chambers, Regalia, Castles & Twin Cities | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/publications/heraldic.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2006-07-09 | publisher = Dundee City Council }}</ref> although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes. Dundee is represented in both the [[British House of Commons]] and in the [[Scottish Parliament]]. For elections to the [[European Parliament]], Dundee is within the [[Scotland (European Parliament constituency)|Scotland constituency]].
Prior to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council. This was formed in 1975, implementing boundaries imposed in the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973]]. Under these boundaries, the Angus burgh and district of Monifieth, and the Perth electoral division of [[Longforgan]] (which included [[Invergowrie]]) were annexed to the county of the city of Dundee. In 1996, the Dundee City unitary authority was created following implementation of the [[Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994]].<ref name="localgovact">{{harvnb|Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994}}</ref> This placed [[Monifieth]] and [[Invergowrie]] in the unitary authorities of [[Angus]] and [[Perth and Kinross]], largely reinstating the pre-1975 [[County council|county]] boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie.<ref>{{harvnb|Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan|2005}}</ref>
 
   
 
=== Local government ===
 
=== Local government ===
   
[[File:City Chambers, Dundee, Scotland.jpg|thumb|left|Dundee City Chambers, where the city council meets]]
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[[File:City Square, Dundee, Scotland.jpg|thumb|left|Dundee City Square. The building at the back of the square is Caird Hall. The building on the right is Dundee City Chambers, where the city council meets]]
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Dundee is one of 32 [[council areas of Scotland]],<ref name="localgovact" /> represented by the Dundee City Council, a local authority composed of 29 elected [[councillor]]s. Previously the city was a [[Counties of Scotland|county of a city]] and later a [[Regions and districts of Scotland|district]] of the [[Tayside]] [[Regions and districts of Scotland|region]]. Council meetings take place in the City Chambers, which opened in 1933 in City Square. The civic head and chair of the council is known as the [[Lord Provost]], a position similar to that of mayor in other cities. A new headquarters for the city council known as Dundee House on North Lindsay Street is scheduled to open in March 2011.<ref name="demolition of Tayside House">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/6920/tayside-house-walkway-closes-due-to-vandals.html |title=Tayside House walkway closes due to vandals |publisher=The Courier |date=2010-10-29 |accessdate=2011-02-18}}</ref> This will replace Tayside House which is due to be demolished when the building closes for business towards the end of May 2011.<ref name="demolition of Tayside House" />
   
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Prior to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council. This was formed in 1975, implementing boundaries imposed in the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973]]. Under these boundaries, the Angus burgh and district of Monifieth, and the Perth electoral division of [[Longforgan]] (which included [[Invergowrie]]) were annexed to the county of the city of Dundee. In 1996, the Dundee City unitary authority was created following impementation of the [[Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994]]. This placed [[Monifieth]] and [[Invergowrie]] in the unitary authorities of [[Angus]] and [[Perth and Kinross]], largely reinstating the pre-1975 [[County council|county]] boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie in order to subsidise Dundee City [[Council Tax]] revenues.<ref>{{ cite news | url =http://news.scotsman.com/politicalboundaryreview/Councils-plot-revolt-over-redraw.2603731.jp | title=Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan | accessdate=2009-02-02
Dundee is one of 32 [[council areas of Scotland]],<ref name="localgovact" /> and is represented by the Dundee City Council – a local council composed of 29 elected [[councillor]]s. Previously the city was a [[Counties of Scotland|county of a city]] and later a [[Regions and districts of Scotland|district]] of the [[Tayside]] [[Regions and districts of Scotland|region]]. Council meetings take place in the City Chambers, which opened in 1933 in City Square. The civic head and chair of the council is known as the [[Lord Provost]], a position similar to that of mayor in other cities. [[Dundee House]], the new headquarters for the city council on North Lindsay Street, opened in August 2011.<ref name=DDHouse>{{harvnb|Dundee House}}</ref> This has replaced [[Tayside House]] which was demolished in 2013 as part of the Dundee Waterfront improvements.<ref name=DDHouse/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722|title=Bye-bye Tayside House — ‘Muncher’ completes its work|date=12 July 2013|accessdate=6 July 2014|publisher=''The Courier''}}</ref>
 
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|date= 2005-02-19 | work= The Scotsman|publisher=news.scotsman.com | location=Edinburgh | first=Peter | last=Macmahon}}</ref>
   
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The council was controlled by a minority coalition of [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] and [[Liberal Democrats]] of 12 councillors, with the support of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] who had five. Although the [[Scottish National Party]] (SNP) was the largest party on the council, with 11 councillors.<ref name="political map">[http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/elections/mappage.htm ''Dundee City Council Political Make-up''], Dundee City Council website</ref><ref>[http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2005/02/28/story6861222t0.shtm ''Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic''], [[Evening Telegraph (Dundee)|Evening Telegraph]] (publisher [[DC Thomson]]), 28 February 2005</ref> Elections to the council are on a four year cycle, the most recent as of 2007 being on 3 May 2007. Previously, Councillors were elected from single-member [[Wards of the United Kingdom|wards]] by the [[first past the post]] system of election, although this changed in the 2007 election, due to the [[Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004]].<ref>{{ cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/acts2004/20040009.htm |title='&#39;Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004'&#39;, full text, Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) website |publisher=Opsi.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-01-31}}</ref> Eight new multi-member wards were introduced, each electing three or four councillors by [[single transferable vote]], to produce a form of [[proportional representation]]. The 2007 election resulting in no single party having overall control, with 13 [[Scottish National Party]], 10 [[Scottish Labour Party|Labour]], 3 [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]], 2 [[Liberal Democrats]], and 1 Independent Councillors. A March 2009 by election in the Maryfield ward changed the balance to 14 [[Scottish National Party]], 9 [[Scottish Labour Party|Labour]], 3 [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]], 2 [[Liberal Democrats]], and 2 Independent Councillors,<ref>http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/councillors/wardsbysurname/</ref>
Elections to the council are on a four-year cycle, the most recent being on [[Dundee City Council election, 2012|3 May 2012]]. Since 2007, the [[Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004]] has meant that there are eight multi-member wards which elect three or four councillors by [[single transferable vote]], to produce a form of [[proportional representation]].<ref>{{harvnb|Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004}}</ref> The 2012 elections gave the SNP overall control of the council. Scotland's longest-serving councillor, [[Ian Borthwick]], sits on the council.
 
   
 
=== Westminster and Holyrood ===
 
=== Westminster and Holyrood ===
   
For elections to the [[British House of Commons]] at [[Westminster Palace|Westminster]], the city area and portions of the [[Angus]] council area are divided in two [[United Kingdom constituencies|constituencies]].<ref name="borders">{{harvnb|Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies}}</ref> The constituencies of [[Dundee East (UK Parliament constituency)|Dundee East]] and [[Dundee West (UK Parliament constituency)|Dundee West]] are as of 2015 represented by [[Stewart Hosie]] ([[Scottish National Party]])<ref>{{harvnb|Stewart Hosie, MP for Dundee East}}</ref> and [[Chris Law (politician)|Chris Law]] (Scottish National Party), respectively. For elections to the [[Scottish Parliament]] at [[Scottish Parliament Building|Holyrood]], the city area is divided between three constituencies. The [[Dundee East (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Dundee East (Holyrood) constituency]] and the [[Dundee West (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Dundee West (Holyrood) constituency]] are entirely within the city area. The [[Angus South (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Angus South (Holyrood) constituency]] includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area.<ref name="borders" /> All three constituencies are within the [[North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament region)|North East Scotland electoral region]]: [[Shona Robison]] (SNP) is the [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]] (MSP) for the Dundee East constituency;<ref>{{harvnb|Shona Robison, MSP for Dundee East}}</ref> [[Joe Fitzpatrick]] (SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency<ref>{{harvnb|Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP for Dundee West}}</ref> and [[Graeme Dey]] (SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus South constituency.<ref>{{harvnb|Graeme Dey, MSP for Angus South}}</ref>
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For elections to the [[British House of Commons]] at [[Westminster Palace|Westminster]], the city area and portions of the [[Angus]] council area are divided in two [[United Kingdom constituencies|constituencies]].<ref name="borders">[http://www.bcomm-scotland.gov.uk/ ''Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies''], [[Boundary Commission for Scotland]]</ref> The constituencies of [[Dundee East (UK Parliament constituency)|Dundee East]] and [[Dundee West (UK Parliament constituency)|Dundee West]] are as of 2010 represented by [[Stewart Hosie]] ([[Scottish National Party]] (SNP)<ref name="Stewart Hosie, MP">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38317.stm |title=Stewart Hosie, MP for Dundee East |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2011-02-18}}</ref> and [[James McGovern (politician)|James McGovern]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]),<ref name="James McGovern, MP">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38863.stm |title=James McGovern, MP for Dundee West |publisher=The Scottish Parliament |accessdate=2011-02-18}}</ref> respectively. For elections to the [[Scottish Parliament]] at [[Scottish Parliament Building|Holyrood]], the city area is divided between three constituencies. The [[Dundee East (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Dundee East (Holyrood) constituency]] and the [[Dundee West (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Dundee West (Holyrood) constituency]] are entirely within the city area. The [[Angus (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Angus (Holyrood) constituency]] includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area.<ref name="borders" /> All three constituencies are within the [[North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament region)|North East Scotland electoral region]]. as of 2010 [[Shona Robison]] (SNP) is the [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]] (MSP) for the Dundee East constituency;<ref name="Shona Robison, MSP">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/shona_robison/index.htm |title=Shona Robison, MSP for Dundee East |publisher=The Scottish Parliament |accessdate=2011-02-18}}</ref> [[Joe Fitzpatrick]] (SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency<ref name="Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/joe_fitzpatrick/index.htm |title=Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP for Dundee West |publisher=The Scottish Parliament |accessdate=2011-02-18}}</ref> and [[Andrew Welsh (politician)|Andrew Welsh]] (SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus constituency.<ref name="Andrew Welsh, MSP">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/andrew_welsh/index.htm |title=Andrew Welsh, MSP for Angus |publisher=The Scottish Parliament |accessdate=2011-02-18}}</ref>
 
Dundee is also part of the pan-Scotland [[Scotland (European Parliament constituency)|European Parliament constituency]] which elects seven [[Members of the European Parliament]] (MEP)s using the [[d'Hondt method]] of [[party-list proportional representation]].<ref name="list of MEPs in Scotland">{{harvnb|List of MEPs in Scotland}}</ref> Scotland returns two [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MEPs, two [[Scottish National Party|SNP]] MEPs, one [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative and Unionist]] MEP and one [[UKIP]] MEP, to the [[European Parliament]].<ref name="list of MEPs in Scotland" />
 
 
[[Sir Winston Churchill#Political career to the Second World War|Winston Churchill served as the MP]] for Dundee from 1908 to 1922.
 
 
==== 2014 Scottish Referendum ====
 
On 18 September 2014, Dundee was one of four council areas to vote "Yes" in the [[Scottish Independence Referendum]], with 57.3% voting "Yes" on a 78.8% turnout. With the highest Yes vote for any local authority in Scotland, some in the [[Yes Scotland]] campaign nicknamed Dundee the 'Yes City', including former First Minister [[Alex Salmond]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland Decides|work=BBC|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/events/scotland-decides/live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish Independence|work=The Scotsman|url=http://www.scotsman.com/scottish-independence/alex-salmond-dundee-is-scotlands-yes-city/}}</ref>
 
   
 
== Geography ==
 
== Geography ==
   
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{{Refimprove|date=January 2009}}
[[File:The Dundee Law - geograph.org.uk - 63200 (lighter ground).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Dundee Law]]]]
 
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Dundee is located on the north bank of the [[Firth of Tay]] and near the [[North Sea]]. The city surrounds the [[basalt]] [[Volcanic plug|plug]] of an extinct [[volcano]], called [[Law, Dundee|Dundee Law]] or simply ''The Law'' (174&nbsp;metres (571&nbsp;ft)).<ref>Ordnance Survey, Explorer 380 map ''Dundee and Sidlaw Hills''</ref> Dundee is Scotland's only south-facing city, giving it a claim to being Scotland's sunniest and warmest city.<ref>{{ cite news | title = Aberdeen is Scotland's sun city | work = [[BBC news]] | publisher = BBC | date = 24 January 2005 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4202571.stm | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }}</ref> Temperatures tend to be a couple of degrees higher than Aberdeen to the north or the coastal areas of Angus.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Dundee suffers less severe winters than other parts of Scotland due to the close proximity to the North sea and the salt air and a range of protective hills at the back of the city, which are often snow covered while the city itself remains clear.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}
Dundee sits on the north bank of the [[Firth of Tay]] on the eastern, [[North Sea]] Coast of Scotland. The city lies {{convert| 36.1|mi|km|0}} [[Boxing the compass|NNE]] of [[Edinburgh]]<ref name="postcode">{{harvnb|UK Postcode to Postcode Calculator}}</ref> and {{convert|360.6|mi|km|0}} [[Boxing the compass|NNW]] of London.<ref name="postcode"/> The built-up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape {{convert|8.3|mi|km|0}} long by {{convert|2.5|mi|km|0}} wide, aligned in an east to west direction and occupies an area of {{convert|60|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name=OSmap/><ref name=popdens>{{harvnb|Population density: Scotland: by unitary authority}}</ref> The town is bisected by a line of hills stretching from Balgay Hill (elevation of 143 m) in the west end of the city, through the [[Dundee Law]] (174 m) which occupies the centre of the built up area, to Gallow Hill (83 m), between Baxter Park and the Eastern Cemetery. North of this ridge lies a valley through which cuts the Dighty Water [[burn (topography)|burn]], the elevation falling to around 45 m. North of the Dighty valley lie the [[Sidlaw Hills]], the most prominent hill being [[Craigowl Hill]] (455 m).<ref name=OSmap>{{harvnb|Ordnance Survey Landranger Map|2007}}</ref>
 
   
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{{climate chart|Dundee
The western and eastern boundaries of the city are marked by two [[burn (topography)|burns]] that are tributaries of the [[River Tay]]. On the western-most boundary of the city, the Lochee burn meets the Fowlis burn, forming the [[Invergowrie]] burn, which meets the Tay at Invergowrie basin.<ref name=OSmap/> The Dighty Water enters Dundee from the village of [[Strathmartine]] and marks the boundaries of a number of northern districts of the city, joining the Tay between [[Barnhill, Dundee|Barnhill]] and [[Monifieth]].<ref name=OSmap/> The Scouring burn in the west end of the city and Dens Burn in the east, both of which played important roles in the industrial development of the city, have now been [[culvert]]ed over.
 
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|2|7|63
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|2|8|31
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|3|10|47
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|5|13|38
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|7|15|46
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|10|18|55
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|12|20|42
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|11|20|88
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|10|18|37
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|7|13|70
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|4|10|51
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|2|7|39
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|float=right
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|clear=both
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|source=[http://www.dundeeweather.org.uk/Dundee_Weekly.htm Dundee West End Weather Station] }}
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The city, being on a relatively small landspace, is the most densely populated area in Scotland after [[Glasgow]] and around fifth in the UK overall.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} It is characterised by tall tenements, mainly four storeys high, [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]], and built from a honey or brown sandstone. The inner districts of the city, as well as some of the outer estates, are home to a number of multi storey tower blocks from the 1960s, although these have been gradually being demolished in recent years. The outer estates are among some of the poorest urban districts in the United Kingdom.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} To the east of the city area is the distinct but incorporated suburb of [[Broughty Ferry]].
   
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Dundee lies close to [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] (20&nbsp;miles) and the southern [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] to the west. [[St Andrews]] (14&nbsp;miles) and north-east [[Fife]] are situated to the south, while the [[Sidlaw Hills]], [[Angus Glens]] and the [[Glamis Castle]] are located to the north. Two of Scotland's most prestigious [[Links (golf)|links]] [[golf course]]s, [[St Andrews Links|St Andrews]] and [[Carnoustie Golf Links|Carnoustie]] are located nearby.
=== Geology ===
 
   
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===Climate===
The city lies within the Sidlaw-Ochil [[anticline]], and the predominant bedrock type is [[Old Red Sandstone]] of the Arbuthnott-Garvock group.<ref name=geo>{{harvnb|Bluck|2000|p=422}}; {{harvnb|GeoIndex Onshore}}</ref> [[Differential weathering]] of a series of [[igneous intrusion]]s has yielded a number of prominent hills in the landscape, most notably the [[Law, Dundee|Dundee Law]] (a late [[Silurian]]/early [[Devonian]] [[Mafic]] rock intrusion) and Balgay hill (a [[Felsic]] rock intrusion of similar age).<ref name=geo/> In the east of the city, in [[Craigiebank, Dundee|Craigie]] and [[Broughty Ferry]], the bedrock geology is of [[extrusive rock]]s, including mafic [[lava]] and [[tuff]].<ref name=geo/>
 
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As with the rest of the UK, Dundee benefits from a [[Oceanic climate|maritime climate]], with limited seasonal temperature ranges, and generally moderate rainfall throughout the year. The nearest official met office weather station is Mylnefield, sited about 4 miles west of the City centre.
   
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The absolute maximum of {{convert|28.7|C|F}} was recorded in August 1995.<ref>{{cite web
The land surrounding Dundee, particularly that in the lower lying areas to the west and east of the city, bears high quality soil that is particularly suitable for arable farming. It is predominantly of a [[brown forest soil]] type with some [[Gley soil|gleying]], the lower parts being formed from raised beach sands and gravels derived from Old Red Sandstone and lavas.<ref>{{harvnb|Soil Survey of Scotland|1982}}</ref>
 
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|url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1995&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630
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|title=Aug 1995 Maximum
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|accessdate=2011-03-22}}</ref> The warmest month was July 2006,<ref>{{cite web
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|url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=13&year=2006&indexid=TG&stationid=1630
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|title=Jul 2006 Mean
  +
|accessdate=2011-03-22}}</ref> with an average temperature of {{convert|17.4|C|F}} (mean maximum {{convert|22.5|C|F}} , mean minimum {{convert|12.3|C|F}} ). In an 'average' year the warmest day should reach<ref>{{cite web
  +
|url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630
  +
|title=1971-2000 average warmest day
  +
|accessdate=2011-03-22}}</ref> {{convert|25.2|C|F}} , and in total just 1.63 days<ref>{{cite web
  +
|url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1630
  +
|title=1971-2000 >25c days
  +
|accessdate=2011-03-22}}</ref> should equal or exceed a temperature of {{convert|25.1|C|F}} per year, illustrating the rarity of such warmth.
   
  +
{{Weather box
=== Location ===
 
  +
|location = Mylnefield, elevation 31m, 1971-2000, extremes 1960-
 
  +
|collapsed =
{{Geographic Location
 
  +
|metric first = y
| title = '''Destinations from Dundee'''
 
  +
|single line = y
| Northwest = [[Pitlochry]], [[Coupar Angus]]
 
  +
|Jan record high C = 14.6
| North = [[Forfar]]
 
  +
|Feb record high C = 15.2
| Northeast = [[Montrose, Angus|Montrose]], '''[[Aberdeen]]'''
 
  +
|Mar record high C = 18.3
| West = '''[[Perth, Scotland|Perth]]'''
 
  +
|Apr record high C = 22.9
| Centre = DUNDEE
 
  +
|May record high C = 23.7
| East = [[Carnoustie]], [[Arbroath]]
 
  +
|Jun record high C = 27.8
| Southwest = '''[[Fife]]''', '''[[Stirling]]'''
 
  +
|Jul record high C = 28.2
| South = [[Newport-on-Tay]], [[Cupar]]
 
  +
|Aug record high C = 28.7
| Southeast = [[St Andrews]]
 
  +
|Sep record high C = 25.0
  +
|Oct record high C = 22.8
  +
|Nov record high C = 16.7
  +
|Dec record high C = 14.5
  +
|year record high C = 28.7
  +
|Jan high C = 6.0
  +
|Feb high C = 6.5
  +
|Mar high C = 8.6
  +
|Apr high C = 10.9
  +
|May high C = 13.9
  +
|Jun high C = 16.8
  +
|Jul high C = 19.0
  +
|Aug high C = 18.9
  +
|Sep high C = 15.9
  +
|Oct high C = 12.4
  +
|Nov high C = 8.7
  +
|Dec high C = 6.7
  +
|year high C =
  +
|Jan low C = 0.5
  +
|Feb low C = 1.0
  +
|Mar low C = 2.1
  +
|Apr low C = 3.7
  +
|May low C = 6.1
  +
|Jun low C = 8.7
  +
|Jul low C = 10.8
  +
|Aug low C = 10.7
  +
|Sep low C = 8.6
  +
|Oct low C = 6.1
  +
|Nov low C = 2.7
  +
|Dec low C = 1.3
  +
|year low C =
  +
|Jan record low C = -17.1
  +
|Feb record low C = -11.2
  +
|Mar record low C = -10.0
  +
|Apr record low C = -4.4
  +
|May record low C = -2.3
  +
|Jun record low C = -0.7
  +
|Jul record low C = 2.8
  +
|Aug record low C = 1.7
  +
|Sep record low C = -0.6
  +
|Oct record low C = -3.4
  +
|Nov record low C = -10.4
  +
|Dec record low C = -12.7
  +
|year record low C = -17.1
  +
|Jan precipitation mm = 72.23
  +
|Feb precipitation mm = 48.63
  +
|Mar precipitation mm = 54.22
  +
|Apr precipitation mm = 44.71
  +
|May precipitation mm = 48.69
  +
|Jun precipitation mm = 53.02
  +
|Jul precipitation mm = 53.74
  +
|Aug precipitation mm = 52.72
  +
|Sep precipitation mm = 64.76
  +
|Oct precipitation mm = 70.41
  +
|Nov precipitation mm = 58.50
  +
|Dec precipitation mm = 68.55
  +
|year precipitation mm =
  +
|source 1 = KNMI/ Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute <ref>{{cite web
  +
| url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=SU&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-642500.000002&miny=-4174880.952380&maxx=224166.666666&maxy=-3524880.952379&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=280&mainmap.y=207&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom
  +
| title=Climate Normals and extremes
  +
| publisher = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]]
  +
| accessdate=21 mar 2011}}</ref>
  +
|date=Mar 2011
 
}}
 
}}
 
=== Urban environment ===
 
 
[[File:Midsummer night^ - geograph.org.uk - 9752.jpg|View from The Law, overlooking Dundee City Centre and the Tay Road Bridge|thumb|left]]
 
Very little of pre-[[Scottish Reformation|Reformation]] Dundee remains, the destruction suffered in the [[War of the Rough Wooing]] being almost total, with only scattered, roofless shells remaining.<ref>{{harvnb|Merriman|2000|pp=360–361}}</ref> The area occupied by the medieval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port, which formerly held the gates to the walled city. The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation.<ref>{{harvnb|McCarthy|2007|p=80}}; The progress of waterfront development can be seen in the maps of {{harvnb|Wood|1821}}, {{harvnb|Edward|1846}} and {{harvnb|Bartholomew|1912}}</ref> Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century. Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery, and areas around the Lochee Burn ([[Lochee]]), Scouring Burn ([[Blackness, Dundee|Blackness]]) and Dens Burn (Dens Road area) saw particular concentrations of mills.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|Lythe|Gauldie|1969|p=9}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992}} p. 25; {{harvnb|Watson|1990|p=8}}</ref> The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}</ref>
 
 
Working class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era, particularly in the Hawkhill, Blackness Road, Dens Road and Hilltown areas.<ref>{{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992}} p. 26</ref> Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole, living standards for the working classes were very poor. A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in insanitary, squalid and cramped housing for much of the population.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2011|pp=72–76}}</ref> While gradual improvements and [[slum clearance]] began in the late 19th century, the building of the groundbreaking [[Logie, Dundee|Logie]] housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee's expansion through the building of planned housing estates, under the vision of city architect [[James Thomson (architect)|James Thomson]], whose legacy also includes the housing estate of [[Craigiebank, Dundee|Craigiebank]] and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass.<ref>{{harvnb|Logie Conservation Area}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992}} pp. 51–52; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=81}}</ref>
 
 
Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post-war period. The mediaeval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre, followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=85}}</ref> The [[Tay Road Bridge]], completed in 1966 had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee, and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=93}}</ref> An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs including the Fintry, Craigie, Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992}} p. 55</ref> These were followed by increasingly cost-effective and sometimes poorly planned housing in throughout the 1960s.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}; {{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|Scott|2002}} pp. 73–76; pp. 103–106; {{harvnb|Glendinning|1997|pp=25, 56}}</ref> Much of this, in particular the high-rise blocks of flats at Lochee, Kirkton, Trottick, Whitfield, Ardler and Menzieshill, and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield, have been demolished since the 1990s or are scheduled for future demolition.<ref>{{harvnb|Tenants gone, soon multi too}}; {{harvnb|Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week}}; {{harvnb|Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down}}; {{harvnb|Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided}}</ref>
 
 
=== Climate ===
 
 
[[File:Fog in the Tay estuary - geograph.org.uk - 9750.jpg|[[Haar (fog)]] travelling up the [[River Tay]] by [[advection]]|thumb|right]]
 
The climate, like the rest of lowland Scotland, is [[Oceanic climate|Oceanic]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger]] classification Cfb).<ref>{{harvnb|Peel|Finlayson|McMahon|2007}}</ref> Mean temperature and rainfall are typical for the east coast of Scotland, and with the city's sheltered estuarine position, mean daily maxima are slightly higher than coastal areas to the North, particularly in spring and summer.<ref>{{harvnb|Regional mapped climate averages}}</ref> The summers are still chilly when compared with similar latitudes in continental Europe, something compensated for by the mild winters, similar to the rest of the British Isles. The nearest official [[Met Office]] weather station is Mylnefield, [[Invergowrie]] which is about {{convert|4|mi|km}} west of the City Centre.
 
 
A record high of {{convert|28.7|C|F}} was recorded in August 1995.<ref>{{harvnb|Aug 1995 Maximum}}</ref> The warmest month was July 2006,<ref>{{harvnb|Jul 2006 Mean}}</ref> with an average temperature of {{convert|17.4|C|F}} (mean maximum {{convert|22.5|C|F}}, mean minimum {{convert|12.3|C|F}}). In an 'average' year the warmest day should reach<ref>{{harvnb|1971–2000 average warmest day}}</ref> {{convert|25.2|C|F}}, and in total just 1.63 days<ref>{{harvnb|1971–2000 >25c days}}</ref> should equal or exceed a temperature of {{convert|25.1|C|F}} per year, illustrating the rarity of such warmth.
 
 
{{Weather box|location = Mylnefield, elevation 31m, 1981–2010, extremes 1960–2010
 
| collapsed =
 
| metric first = y
 
| single line = y
 
| Jan record high C = 14.6
 
| Feb record high C = 15.2
 
| Mar record high C = 18.3
 
| Apr record high C = 22.9
 
| May record high C = 23.7
 
| Jun record high C = 27.8
 
| Jul record high C = 28.2
 
| Aug record high C = 28.7
 
| Sep record high C = 25.0
 
| Oct record high C = 22.8
 
| Nov record high C = 16.7
 
| Dec record high C = 14.5
 
| year record high C = 28.7
 
| Jan high C = 6.4
 
| Feb high C = 6.9
 
| Mar high C = 9.1
 
| Apr high C = 11.5
 
| May high C = 14.4
 
| Jun high C = 17.1
 
| Jul high C = 19.3
 
| Aug high C = 19.2
 
| Sep high C = 16.5
 
| Oct high C = 12.7
 
| Nov high C = 9.1
 
| Dec high C = 6.5
 
| year high C = 12.4
 
| Jan low C = 0.7
 
| Feb low C = 1.0
 
| Mar low C = 2.2
 
| Apr low C = 3.9
 
| May low C = 6.3
 
| Jun low C = 9.1
 
| Jul low C = 11.0
 
| Aug low C = 10.9
 
| Sep low C = 8.9
 
| Oct low C = 6.1
 
| Nov low C = 3.0
 
| Dec low C = 0.7
 
| year low C = 5.3
 
| Jan record low C = -17.1
 
| Feb record low C = -11.2
 
| Mar record low C = -10.0
 
| Apr record low C = -4.4
 
| May record low C = -2.3
 
| Jun record low C = -0.7
 
| Jul record low C = 2.8
 
| Aug record low C = 1.7
 
| Sep record low C = -0.6
 
| Oct record low C = -3.4
 
| Nov record low C = -10.4
 
| Dec record low C = -12.7
 
| year record low C = -17.1
 
| Jan precipitation mm = 71.1
 
| Feb precipitation mm = 47.2
 
| Mar precipitation mm = 53.3
 
| Apr precipitation mm = 46.3
 
| May precipitation mm = 48.1
 
| Jun precipitation mm = 57.3
 
| Jul precipitation mm = 56.9
 
| Aug precipitation mm = 64.6
 
| Sep precipitation mm = 65.7
 
| Oct precipitation mm = 82.0
 
| Nov precipitation mm = 68.4
 
| Dec precipitation mm = 61.2
 
| year precipitation mm = 722.0
 
| Jan sun = 53.6
 
| Feb sun = 77.3
 
| Mar sun = 116.2
 
| Apr sun = 145.9
 
| May sun = 191.2
 
| Jun sun = 166.4
 
| Jul sun = 174.3
 
| Aug sun = 166.3
 
| Sep sun = 126.0
 
| Oct sun = 95.9
 
| Nov sun = 69.8
 
| Dec sun = 43.1
 
| year sun = 1426.3
 
| source 1 = KNMI/ Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute<ref>{{cite web
 
| url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=SU&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-642500.000002&miny=-4174880.952380&maxx=224166.666666&maxy=-3524880.952379&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=280&mainmap.y=207&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom
 
| title=Climate Normals and extremes
 
| publisher = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]]
 
| accessdate=March 2011}}</ref>
 
| source 2 = Met Office <ref>{{cite web
 
| url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfjchqjr3
 
| title=Dundee climate information
 
| publisher= Met Office
 
| accessdate=5 August 2015}}</ref>
 
| date=August 2015}}
 
   
 
== Demography ==
 
== Demography ==
{{update|date=January 2013}}
 
   
  +
Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of Scots as well as their [[Accent (linguistics)|accent]],<ref>{{cite web | last = Eagle | first = Andy | year = 2001 | url = http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/dundee.htm | title = Dundee Scots | work = Wir Ain Leid | accessdate = 6 July 2006 }}</ref> which most noticeably substitutes the [[monophthong]] /e/ in place of the [[diphthong]] /ai/. Dundee's population increased substantially with the urbanisation of the Industrial Revolution as did other British cities. The most significant influx occurred in the mid-19th century with the arrival of Irish workers fleeing from the [[Irish Potato Famine (1845–1849)|Potato Famine]] and attracted by industrialisation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/scotland/perth_tayside/article_1.shtml | title = Little Tipperary: The Irish in Lochee | work = Legacies | publisher = BBC | accessdate = 9 July 2006 }}</ref>
{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; font-size: 90%; text-align:center;"
 
|+ '''City of Dundee compared according to [[United Kingdom Census 2001|UK Census 2001]]'''<ref name="Dundee Population">{{harvnb|Comparative Population: Dundee}}</ref><ref name="Dundee Employment">{{harvnb|Comparative Employment: Dundee}}</ref>
 
|-
 
!
 
!style="padding:2px;"|City of Dundee
 
!style="padding:2px;"|Scotland
 
|-
 
! style="text-align:left;"|Total population
 
| 154,674 || 5,062,011
 
|-
 
! style="text-align:left;"|[[British nationality law|Foreign born]]
 
| 5.84% || 3.78%
 
|-
 
! style="text-align:left;"|Over 75 years old
 
| 8.18% || 7.09%
 
|-
 
! style="text-align:left;"|Unemployed
 
| 5.18% || 3.97%
 
|}
 
   
  +
The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy, fleeing poverty and famine, and Poland, seeking refuge from the anti-Jewish pogroms in the 19th century, and later, World War II in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable [[ethnic minority]] population, and has the third highest Asian population (~3,500) in Scotland after Glasgow and Edinburgh.<ref name="cre">{{cite web | url = http://www.cre.gov.uk/diversity/map/scotland/dundee.html | title = Ethnic profiles: Dundee, Scotland | publisher = [[Commission for Racial Equality]] | accessdate = 6 November 2006 }}</ref>
According to the 2001 census, the City of Dundee had a population of 154,674.<ref name="Dundee Population" /> A more recent population estimate of the City of Dundee has been recorded at 156,561 in 2012. The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (20%).<ref name="Dundee Population" /> The median age of males and females living in Dundee was 37 and 40 years, respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.<ref name="Dundee Population" />
 
   
  +
The city's universities draw a large number of students from abroad (mostly Irish and [[EU]] but with an increasing number from countries in the [[Far East]]), and students account for 14.2% of the population, the highest proportion of the four largest Scottish cities.<ref name="population">{{ cite web | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_85.pdf | format = PDF | title = Population Matters | accessdate = 2009-03-10 | publisher = Dundee City Council }}</ref>
The place of birth of the town's residents was 94.16% United Kingdom (including 87.85% from Scotland), 0.42% Republic of Ireland, 1.33% from other European Union countries, and 3.09% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 35.92% in full-time employment, 10.42% in part-time employment, 4.25% self-employed, 5.18% unemployed, 7.82% students with jobs, 4.73% students without jobs, 15.15% retired, 4.54% looking after home or family, 7.92% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.00% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Dundee has both low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and for people over 75&nbsp;years old.
 
   
  +
== Economy ==
Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of [[Scots language|Scots]] as well as their [[Accent (dialect)|accent]], which most noticeably substitutes the [[monophthong]] /ɛ/ (pronounced "eh") in place of the [[diphthong]] /aj/ (pronounced "ai").<ref>{{harvnb|McCluskey|1991}}; {{harvnb|Dundee Scots}}</ref> Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.<ref name="Smout 1998 240–248"/> Of particular significance was an influx of Irish workers in the early to mid-19th century, attracted by the prospect of employment in the textiles industries. In 1851, 18.9% of people living in Dundee were of Irish birth.<ref>{{harvnb|Swift|Gilley|1989|p=117}}; {{harvnb|Little Tipperary: The Irish in Lochee}}</ref>
 
   
  +
[[File:Cox's stack 02SEP05.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Cox's Stack, a chimney from the former Camperdown works jute mill. The chimney takes its name from jute baron James Cox who later became [[Lord Provost]] of the city]]
The city has also attracted immigrants from [[Italy]], fleeing poverty and famine, in the 19th century Jews, fleeing from the Russia controlled portions of partitioned [[Poland]] and from German occupation in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable [[ethnic minority]] population, and has around (4.0%) 4,000 Asian residents which is the fourth-largest Asian community in Scotland. The city also has 1.0% of residents from a Black/African/Caribbean background.<ref>http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbfigure4.pdf</ref>
 
   
  +
Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with over 300,000 persons within 30 minutes drive of the city centre and around 630,000 people within one hour. Many people from [[Fife|North East Fife]], [[Angus]] and [[Perth and Kinross]] commute to the city.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile">{{cite web |url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_119.pdf |title=Dundee Economic Profile |format=PDF |date=2011-01 |accessdate=2011-02-24}}</ref> In 2009, the city itself had an economically active population of 75.1%.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> The city sustains just under 95,000 jobs in around 4,000 companies. The number of jobs in the city has grown by around 10% since 1996. Recent and current investment levels in the city are at a record level. Since 1997 Dundee has been the focus of investment approaching an estimated £1 billion.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Dundee: A City Vision | work = Dundee City Council | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/publications/cityvision.pdf | accessdate = 2006-11-11
Dundee has a higher proportion of university students – one in seven of the population – than any other town in [[Europe]], except [[Heidelberg]].<ref name="Dundee Student Population">{{cite web|title=History of Dundee|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/scotland/central-scotland/dundee/history|website=Lonely Planet|accessdate=28 November 2014}}</ref> The 14.2% come from all around the world to attend the local universities and colleges. Dundee is a major attraction for [[Northern Irish]] students who make up 5% of the total student population. The city's universities are believed to hold the highest percentage of Northern Irish students outside of [[Northern Ireland]] and have a big impact on the local economy and culture. However, this has declined in recent years due to the increase of tuition fees for students elsewhere in the UK. Dundee also has a lot of students from abroad, mostly from the [[Republic of Ireland]] and other [[EU countries]] but with an increasing number from countries from the Far East and [[Nigeria]].<ref name="population">{{harvnb|Population Matters}}</ref>
 
  +
|format=PDF}}</ref>
   
  +
Despite this economic growth the proportion of Dundee's population whose lives are affected by poverty and who are classed as socially excluded is second only to Glasgow. Median weekly earnings were £409 in February 2006, an increase of 33% since 1998, on a par with the Scottish median. Unemployment in 2006 was around 3.8%, higher than the Scottish average of 2.6%, although the city has narrowed this disparity since 1996, when unemployment was 8.6% compared to a Scottish average of 6.1%. In 2000 the number of unemployed in the city fell to below 5,000 for the first time in over 25 years. Average house prices in Dundee more than doubled from 1990 to 2006, from an average of £42,475 to £102,025.<ref name="house">{{ cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/uk_house_prices/html/qj.stm | title=Dundee City House Prices | publisher=BBC | date=9 November 2006 | accessdate=2010-01-03}}</ref> Total house sales in the city more than tripled from 1990 to 2004, from £115,915,391 to £376,999,716. House prices rose by over 15% between 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 and between 2005 and 2006 by 16.6%.<ref name="house" />
== Economy ==
 
   
  +
=== Modern economic history ===
[[File:Cox's stack 02SEP05.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Cox's Stack, a chimney from the former [[Camperdown Works]] jute mill. The chimney takes its name from jute baron James Cox who later became [[List of Lord Provosts of Dundee|Provost]] of the city]]
 
   
The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. [[NCR Corporation]] selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945,<ref name="ncr">{{harvnb|NCR Cash Advance}}</ref> primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the 10th anniversary of the plant the 250,000th cash register was produced.
+
The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. [[NCR Corporation]] selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945,<ref name="ncr">{{ cite book | last=NCR | title=Cash Advance | publisher=NCR (Scotland) limited | isbn=0-9529630-0-0 | year = 1996 }}</ref> primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the 10th anniversary of the plant (known locally amongst Dundonians as "The Cash"), the 250,000th cash machine was produced. By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing [[cash register]]s, and later [[Automatic Teller Machine|ATMs]], at several of its Dundee plants. The firm, developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers.<ref name="ncr500">{{ cite journal| author=CJP|month=7 December|year=1966| title=First Dundee computer next year| journal=The Courier}}</ref> Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold [[refrigerators]] and [[Clothes dryer|spin dryers]] was merged into [[Morphy Richards]] and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people.<ref name="astral">{{cite web | year = 1997 | url = http://www.morphyrichardsindia.com/about/1950.htm | title = Full Steam Ahead | work = | publisher = | accessdate = 17 June 2003 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The development in Dundee of a [[Michelin]] [[tire|tyre]]-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the [[Board of Trade]] on 30 April 1969.<ref name="jute">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | url = http://www.wto.org/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90520090.pdf | title = General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade | format = PDF | work = Committee of Trade and Development | publisher = | date = 12 December 1969 }}</ref>
   
  +
Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an [[Enterprise Zone]] in January 1984. In 1983, the first [[Sinclair Research Ltd|Sinclair]] [[Sinclair ZX Spectrum]] [[home computers]] were produced in Dundee by [[Timex Group USA|Timex]]. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a [[sit-in]] by workers protesting job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six month [[industrial dispute]].<ref>{{ cite news | first=James | last=Rougvie | author=James Rougvie | url=http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 | title=Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant | work= | publisher=[[The Scotsman]] | pages= | page= | date=29 August 1993 | accessdate=2006-07-08 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060614134707/http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-06-14}}</ref> In January 2007, NCR announced its intention to cut 650 jobs at its Gourdie facility, and to turn the facility over for low volume production. Following the global economic downturn of 2007-2009, the company closed the manufacturing facility completely in June 2009, with the loss of a further 225 jobs. The company has however pledged to keep R&D, sales and support functions in Dundee, retaining 450 jobs.
By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing [[cash register]]s, and later [[Automatic Teller Machine|ATMs]], at several of its Dundee plants. The firm developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers.<ref>{{harvnb|First Dundee computer next year}}</ref> Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold [[refrigerators]] and [[Clothes dryer|spin dryers]] was merged into [[Morphy Richards]] and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people. The development in Dundee of a [[Michelin]] [[tire|tyre]]-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the [[Board of Trade]] on 30 April 1969.<ref>{{harvnb|General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade 1969}}</ref>
 
 
Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an [[Enterprise Zone]] in January 1984. In 1983, the first [[Sinclair ZX Spectrum]] [[home computers]] were produced in Dundee by [[Timex Group USA|Timex]]. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a [[sit-in]] by workers protesting against job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six-month [[industrial dispute]].<ref>{{harvnb|Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant}}; {{harvnb|Scott|2002|pp=163–165}}</ref>
 
   
 
=== Modern day ===
 
=== Modern day ===
   
[[File:Ninewells cropped.jpg|thumb|right|Ninewells Hospital, one of the largest employers in the Dundee area]]
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[[File:Magdalen Green.jpg|thumb|Magdalen Green and Bandstand, Located in the West End]]
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{{Out of date|article|date=February 2009}}
   
  +
As in the rest of Scotland manufacturing industries are being gradually replaced by a [[mixed economy]], although 13.5% of the workforce still work in the manufacturing sector, higher than the Scottish and UK average, and more than double that of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen. The main new growth sectors have been [[software development]] and [[biotechnology]] along with retail. The city has a small financial, banking and insurance sector, employing 11% of the workforce.
Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with around 325,000 people within 30 minutes' drive of the city centre and 860,000 people within one hour.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Dundee%20City%20Economic%20Profile%20September%202016_0.pdf |title=Dundee Economic Profile - Sep 2016 |work=dundeecity.gov.uk}}</ref> Many people from [[Fife|North East Fife]], Angus and [[Perth and Kinross]] commute to the city.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile">{{harvnb|Dundee Economic Profile}}</ref> As of 2015, there were 395 employers who employed 250 or more staff; over a five-year period (2011-2015) the number of registered enterprises in Dundee increased by 20.9% from 2,655 to 3,210. <ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> The largest employers in the city are [[NHS Tayside]], Dundee City Council, [[University of Dundee]], Tayside Contracts, [[Tesco]], [[D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd|D. C. Thomson & Co]] and [[BT Group plc|BT]].<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" />
 
   
Other employers include limited and private companies such as [[NCR Corporation|NCR]], [[Michelin]], [[Alliance Trust]], [[Aviva]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], [[Asda]], [[Stagecoach Strathtay]], [[Tokheim]], [[Scottish Citylink]], C J Lang & Son ([[Spar (retailer)|SPAR Scotland]]), Joinery and Timber Creations, [[HBOS]], [[Debenhams]], [[Xplore Dundee]], and [[W. L. Gore and Associates]]. Between 2009 and 2014 the hardest-hit sectors, in terms of jobs, were Information and Communication, Construction and Manufacturing which each lost around 500 full-time jobs. By contrast, the Professional, Scientific and Technical sector saw an upsurge in jobs in addition to the Business Administration and Support Service sector which increased by approximately 1,000 full-time and 300 part-time jobs in the same six-year period.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Gross median weekly earnings of full-time employees in Dundee in 2015 was £523.50; men received £563.40 and women £451.80.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Gross weekly pay for all employees in Dundee has increased from £325.00 in 2000 to £380.00 in 2015.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" />
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In 2009, there were 30 employers who employed 300 or more staff.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> These include limited and private companies [[NCR Corporation]], [[Michelin]], [[Tesco]], [[D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd|D. C. Thomson & Co]], [[BT Group plc|BT]], SiTEL, Alliance Trust, [[Norwich Union]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], [[Asda]], [[Strathtay Scottish]], Tayside Contracts, Tokheim, [[Scottish Citylink]], W H Brown Construction, C J Lang & Son, Joinery and Timber Creations, [[HBOS]], [[Debenhams]], [[Travel Dundee]], [[WL Gore and Associates]], In Practice Systems, [[Wood Group|The Wood Group]], Simclar, Millipore Life Sciences, Alchemy (antibody technology), [http://www.cypex.co.uk Cypex](manufacturers of recombinant drug metabolising enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, and ''in vitro'' drug metabolism specialists). Major employers in the public sector and non profit sector are [[NHS Tayside]], the [[University of Dundee]], [[Tayside Police]], [[Dundee College]], [[Tayside|Tayside Fire Brigade]], [[Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs|HM Revenue and Customs]], [[University of Abertay Dundee]] and [[Wellcome Trust]].
   
The [[biomedical]] and [[biotechnology]] sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly. Information technology and [[Video game industry|Video game development]] have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-29122873|title=How Dundee became a computer games centre|work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Rockstar North]], developer of ''[[Lemmings (video game)|Lemmings]]'' and the ''[[Grand Theft Auto (series)|Grand Theft Auto]]'' series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by [[David Jones (video game developer)|David Jones]]; an undergraduate of the [[Abertay University]].<ref>{{harvnb|The Complete History of DMA Design}}</ref> Other game development studios in Dundee include [[Denki]], [[Ruffian Games]], [[Dynamo Games]], [[4J Studios]], [[Cohort Studios]] amongst others.
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The largest employers in Dundee are the [[Politics of Dundee|city council]] and the [[NHS Tayside|Health Service]], which make up over 10% of the city's workforce. The [[biomedical]] and [[biotechnology]] sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly.<ref name="chembelt">{{ cite news | first=George | last=Kerevan | author=[[George Kerevan]] | url=http://business.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=575&id=1086852002 | title=Chemical attraction | work=Big city survey: Dundee | publisher=[[The Scotsman]] | date=2002-09-30 | accessdate=2006-07-09 }}</ref> [[Information technology]] and [[video game|software for computer games]] have been important industries in the city for more than twenty years. [[Rockstar North]], developer of ''[[Lemmings]]'' and the ''[[Grand Theft Auto (series)|Grand Theft Auto]]'' series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by [[David Jones (video game developer)|David Jones]]; an undergraduate of the [[University of Abertay Dundee]].<ref>{{ cite web
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| url = http://www.dmadesign.org/
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| title = The Complete History of DMA Design
  +
| accessdate = 9 July 2006
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| author = Mike Dailly
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| last = Dailly
  +
| first = Mike
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| authorlink = Mike Dailly
  +
| coauthors =
  +
| work = The DMA History Site
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| publisher = }}</ref> Other game developing companies in Dundee include [[Denki]], [[Ruffian Games]], [[Dynamo Games]], [[4J Studios]], [[Cohort Studios]] amongst others.
   
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Dundee is responsible for 10% of Britain's digital entertainment industry, with an annual turnover of £100 million.<ref>{{ cite news | last = Kerevan | first = George | coauthors = | title = The games people play | work = Big city survey: Dundee | pages = | language = | publisher = [[The Scotsman]] | date = 2002-09-30 | url = http://business.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=575&id=1084642002 | accessdate = 2006-09-06 }}</ref> Outside of specialised fields of medicine, science and technology, the proportion of Dundonians employed in the [[manufacturing sector]] is higher than that found in the larger Scottish cities; nearly 12% of workers. Manufacturing income per head in Dundee was £19,700 in 1999, compared to £16,700 in [[Glasgow]].<ref name="rustbelt">{{ cite news | first=George | last=Kerevan | author=[[George Kerevan]] | url=http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=575&id=1084632002 | title=Beyond rustbelt, ECONOMY | work=Big city survey: Dundee | publisher=[[The Scotsman]] | date=2002-09-30 | accessdate=2006-07-09 | location=Edinburgh}}</ref> The insolvency rate for businesses in Dundee is lower than other Scottish cities, accounting for only 2.3% of all liquidations in Scotland, compared to 22% and 61.4% for Edinburgh and Glasgow respectively.<ref name="rustbelt" />
[[File:NCR Dundee - geograph.org.uk - 9943.jpg|thumb|NCR Dundee]]
 
   
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The surrounding area is home to three major UK military bases, [[Condor]] ([[Royal Marines]]), [[Leuchars]] ([[RAF]]), and [[Barry, Angus|Barry]] (army and training).
Dundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked 4th in Retail Rankings in Scotland.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail">{{harvnb|Discover Dundee Retail}}</ref> The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers, department stores and independent/specialist stores. The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as [[M&S|Marks and Spencer]], [[Monsoon Accessorize|Accessorise]] and [[Zara (clothing)|Zara]].<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres; the {{convert|420000|sqft|m2|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Overgate Centre which is anchored by [[Debenhams]], [[H&M]], [[Next (clothing)|Next]], Argos, and [[The Perfume Shop]] and the {{convert|310000|sqft|m2|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Wellgate Centre by [[British Home Stores|BHS]], [[Home Bargains]], B&M, Superdrug, Iceland, Holland & Barrett, Poundland, Savers, The Works, Hydro Electric, Bright house,<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> Other retail areas in the city include Gallagher Retail Park, Kingsway East Retail Park and Kingsway West Retail Park.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" />
 
   
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The city is served by [[Ninewells Hospital]]—one of the largest and most up to date in Europe, as well as three other public hospitals: Kings Cross, Victoria, and Ashludie, and one private: Fernbrae. A recent addition to Ninewells Hospital is the Maggie's Centre building, which was designed by [[Frank Gehry]] and officially opened by [[Bob Geldof]] in 2007.
== Landmarks ==
 
   
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Dundee is Scotland's first [[Fibrecity]].
[[File:St. Mary's Tower, Dundee - geograph.org.uk - 1204975.jpg|thumb|left|180px|St Mary's Tower, oldest building in Dundee, dating to late 15th century]]
 
   
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== Landmarks ==
The city and its landscape are dominated by [[Law, Dundee|The Law]] and the [[Firth of Tay]]. The Law, a large hill to the north of the [[City Centre, Dundee|City Centre]] was the site of an [[Iron Age]] [[Hill Fort]], upon which the Law War Memorial, designed by Thomas Braddock, was erected in 1921 to commemorate the fallen of [[World War I]].<ref>{{harvnb|Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing}}</ref> The waterfront, much altered by [[Land reclamation|reclamation]] in the 19th century, retains several of the docks that once were the hub of the jute and whaling industries, including the Camperdown and Victoria Docks.<ref>{{harvnb|Camperdown Dock, Category A listing}}<br>{{harvnb|Victoria Dock with Pedestrian and Vehicular Swing Bridges, Category A listing}}</ref> The Victoria Dock is the home of the frigate [[HMS Unicorn (1824)|HMS ''Unicorn'']] and the [[North Carr Lightship]], while [[Robert Falcon Scott|Captain Scott]]'s [[RRS Discovery|RRS ''Discovery'']] occupies Craig Pier, from where the ferries to [[Fife]] once sailed.
 
   
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Gardyne's Land, located at 71 High Street, is a collection of five unique and interesting historical buildings. The Merchant's House (part of the complex) is the oldest, built by John Gardyne around 1560. The house is recognised as Dundee's oldest house. All of the houses have been restored and converted by WH Brown Construction into a backpackers hostel.<ref name="Tayside Doors Open Day">{{cite web |url=http://www.dhet.org.uk/DOD2008/02DOD4.htm |title=Gardyne's Land, Tayside Doors Open Day |publisher=Dundee Historical Environment Trust |publisher=2009-12-07}}</ref>
The oldest building in the city is St Mary's Tower, which dates from the late 15th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing}}<br>{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=52–54}}</ref> This forms part of the City Churches, which consist of St Clement's Church, dating to 1787–8 and built by Samuel Bell, Old St Paul's and St David's Church, built in 1841–42 by [[William Burn]], and St Mary's Church, rebuilt in 1843–44, also by Burn, following a fire.<ref>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing}}<br>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing}}<br>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing}}<br>{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=52–54}}</ref> Other significant churches in the city include the Gothic Revival Episcopal Cathedral of St Paul's, built by [[George Gilbert Scott|Sir George Gilbert Scott]] in 1853 on the former site of Dundee Castle in the High Street,<ref>{{harvnb|150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing}}<br>{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=57}}</ref> and the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St Andrew, built in 1835 by George Mathewson in Nethergate.<ref>
 
{{harvnb|Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing}}<br>{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=57}}</ref>
 
 
As a result of the destruction suffered during the [[Rough Wooing]], little of the mediaeval city (aside from St Mary's Tower) remains and the earliest surviving domestic structures date from the [[Scotland in the Early Modern Era|Early Modern Era]]. A notable example is the Wishart Arch (or East Port) in Cowgate. It is the last surviving portion of the city walls. Dating from prior to 1548, it owes its continued existence to its association with the Protestant [[martyr]] [[George Wishart]], who is said to have preached to plague victims from the East Port in 1544.<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee, East Port of, Wishart Arch}}<br>{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=32–33}}</ref> Another is the building complex on the High Street known as [[Gardyne's Land, Dundee|Gardyne's Land]], parts of which date from around 1560.<ref>{{harvnb|70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=18}}; {{harvnb|Dragging a building into the 21st century}}; {{harvnb|Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards}}</ref> The Howff burial ground in the northern part of the City Centre also dates from this time; it was given to the city by Mary Queen of Scots in 1564, having previously served as the grounds of a [[Franciscan]] abbey.<ref>{{harvnb|Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing}}; ; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=50–51}}</ref>
 
 
[[File:Claypotts castle 01.jpg|thumb|right|Claypotts Castle, dating from the late 16th century]]
 
 
Several castles can be found in Dundee, mostly from the Early Modern Era. The earliest parts of [[Mains Castle]] in Caird Park were built by David Graham in 1562 on the site of a hunting lodge of 1460.<ref>{{harvnb|Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing}}, {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=120}}</ref> [[Dudhope Castle]], originally the seat of the Scrymgeour family, dates to the late 16th century and was built on the site of a keep of 1460.<ref>{{harvnb|Dudhope Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=74–75}}</ref> [[Claypotts Castle]], a striking Z plan castle in West Ferry, was built by John Strachan and dates from 1569–1588.<ref>{{harvnb|Claypotts Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=103}}</ref> In 1495 [[Broughty Castle]] was built and remained in use as a major defensive structure until 1932, playing a role in the [[Anglo-Scottish Wars]] and the [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Wars of the Three Kingdoms]]. The castle stands on a shallow tip projecting into the Firth, alongside two beaches, one of sand, the other of pebbles. The ruins of [[Powrie Castle]], north of Fintry, date from the 16th-century castle north{{clarify|date=November 2014}}.<ref>{{harvnb|Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall}}</ref>
 
 
North of the City Churches, at the end of Reform Street, lies the [[High School of Dundee]], built in 1829–34 by George Angus in a Greek Revival style.<ref>{{harvnb|Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=47}}</ref> Another school building of note is [[Morgan Academy]] on Forfar Road, built in 1863, designed by [[John Dick Peddie]] in a Dutch Gothic style.<ref>{{harvnb|Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=97}}</ref>
 
 
Dundee's industrial history as a centre for textile production is apparent throughout the city. Numerous former jute mills remain standing and while some lay derelict, many have been converted for other uses. Of particular note are the Tay Works, built by the Gilroy Brothers c.1850–1865,<ref>{{harvnb|2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=85}}</ref> [[Camperdown Works]] in Lochee, which built and owned by Cox Brothers, one of Europe's largest jute manufacturing companies, and begun in 1849,<ref>{{harvnb|Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=89}}</ref><ref name="Cox Bros">{{cite web|title=MS 6 Cox Brothers Ltd, Jute Spinners and Manufacturers, and Cox Family Papers|url=http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=((text)=%271,000,001%27)|work=Archive Services Online Catalogue|publisher=[[University of Dundee]]|accessdate=9 February 2016}}</ref> and Upper Dens Mill and Lower Dens Works, built by the Baxter Brothers in the mid-19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Princes Street and Return Elevations to Dens Street, Constable Street and St Roques Lane, Lower Dens Works, Category listing}}; {{harvnb|2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=30–32}}</ref>
 
 
A more recent landmark is the {{convert|140|ft|m|adj=mid}} Tower Building of the [[University of Dundee]] built between 1959 and 1961. At the time of its construction only the Old Steeple was taller in the city. The Tower was built to replace the original college buildings which stood on the site.<ref name=Tower>{{cite journal|title=From the Archives: Fifty years since the Tower's foundation stone was laid|journal=Contact|date=October 2009|pages=24–25|publisher=University of Dundee}}</ref><ref name="Tower News">{{cite news|title=Dundee University's Tower Building needing facelift to address safety concerns|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-university-s-tower-building-needing-facelift-to-address-safety-concerns-1.51518|accessdate=22 October 2013|newspaper=The Courier|date=9 May 2012}}</ref> The building houses the university's main administration and includes galleries and the university's Archive, Records Management and Museum Services.<ref name="Tower Building">{{cite web|title=Tower Building|url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/general/campusguide/virtualtour/tower/|publisher=University of Dundee|accessdate=22 October 2013}}</ref>
 
 
Many 1960s landmark multi-storey housing buildings were demolished in the last decade.{{when|date=November 2014}} The former Tayside House block, nicknamed 'Faulty Towers' by many local people, was demolished in 2013 as part of the waterfront redevelopment program.<ref name="Muncher">{{cite news|title=Bye-bye Tayside House — ‘Muncher’ completes its work|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722|accessdate=2 March 2016|work=The Courier.co.uK|publisher=D C Thomson & Co, Ltd.|date=12 July 2013}}</ref> According to the architectural historian [[Charles McKean]] and his co-authors of Lost Dundee, the best views in the city were from Tayside House, because these were the only views from the building could not be seen.<ref name="LostTayHouse">{{cite book|last1=McKean|first1=Charles|last2=Whatley|first2=Patricia|last3=with Baxter|first3=Kenneth|title=Lost Dundee. Dundee's Lost Architectural Heritage|date=2013|publisher=Birlinn|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-1-78027-106-4|page=248|edition=2nd}}</ref>
 
   
 
== Transport ==
 
== Transport ==
[[File:SeagateBus-Dundee.jpg|thumb|Dundee bus station]]
 
Dundee is served by the [[A90 road]] which connects the city to the [[M90 motorway|M90]] and [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] in the west, and [[Forfar]] and [[Aberdeen]] in the north. The part of the road that is in the city is a [[dual carriageway]] and forms the city's main bypass on its north side, known as the Kingsway. East of the A90's Forfar Road junction, the Kingsway East continues as the [[A972 road|A972]], and meets the [[A92 road|A92]] at the Scott Fyffe roundabout. Travelling east, the A92 connects the city to [[Arbroath]] and [[Montrose, Angus|Montrose]] and to the south with [[Fife]] via the [[Tay Road Bridge]].
 
   
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Dundee is served by the [[A90 road]] which connects the city to the [[M90 motorway|M90]] and [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] in the west, and [[Forfar]] and [[Aberdeen]] in the north. The part of the road that is in the city is a [[dual carriageway]] and forms the city's main bypass on its north side, known as the ''Kingsway'', which can become very busy at rush hour. To the east, the [[A92 road|A92]] connects the city to Carnoustie, [[Monifieth]] and [[Arbroath]]. The A92 also connects the city to the county of [[Fife]] on the south side of the Tay estuary via the [[Tay Road Bridge]]. The main southern route around the city is Riverside Drive and Riverside Avenue (the A991), that runs alongside the Tay from a junction with the A90 in the west, to the city centre where it joins the A92 at the bridge.
The [[A930 road|A930]] links the city with coastal settlements to the east, including, [[Monifieth]] and [[Carnoustie]]. Progressing westward from where the A92 meets the Tay Road Bridge at the Riverside Roundabout, the [[A85 road|A85]] follows the southern boundary of the city along Riverside Drive and towards the A90 at the Swallow Roundabout. The A85 multiplexes with the A90 and diverges again at Perth.
 
   
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[[File:Dundee Station.jpg|thumb|right|180px|External view of [[Dundee railway station|Dundee (Tay Bridge) Station]]]]
Also meeting the A92 and A85 at the Riverside Roundabout is the [[A991 road|A991]] Inner Ring Road, which surrounds the perimeter of the city centre, returning to the A92 on the east side of the Tay Road Bridge. The [[A923 road|A923]] Dundee to [[Dunkeld]] road meets the A991 at the Dudhope Roundabout, and the [[A929 road|A929]] links the A991 to the A90 via Forfar Road.
 
   
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Dundee has an extensive public bus transport system, with the [[Seagate bus station]] serving as the city's main terminus for journeys out of town. [[Travel Dundee]] operates most of the intra-city services, with other more rural services operated by [[Stagecoach Strathtay]]. The city's two railway stations are the main [[Dundee railway station|Dundee (Tay Bridge) Station]], which is situated near the waterfront and the much smaller [[Broughty Ferry railway station|Broughty Ferry Station]], which is located to the eastern end of the city. These are complemented by the stations at [[Invergowrie railway station|Invergowrie]], [[Balmossie railway station|Balmossie]] and [[Monifieth railway station|Monifieth]]. Passenger services at Dundee are provided by [[First ScotRail]], [[CrossCountry]] and [[East Coast (train operating company)|East Coast]]. There are no freight services that serve the city since the [[Freightliner (UK)|Freightliner]] terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s.
[[File:Dundee Station.jpg|thumb|right|External view of [[Dundee railway station|Old Dundee (Tay Bridge) Station Building]]]]
 
   
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There are also many intercity bus services offered by [[Megabus (United Kingdom)|Megabus]], [[Scottish Citylink|Citylink]] and [[National Express]].
Dundee has an extensive network of bus routes. The Seagate bus station is the city's main terminus for journeys out of town. [[Xplore Dundee]] operates most of the intra-city services, with other more rural services operated by [[Stagecoach Strathtay]]. The city's two railway stations are the main [[Dundee railway station|Dundee (Tay Bridge) Station]] near the waterfront, which is currently undergoing reconstruction while remaining open, and the much smaller [[Broughty Ferry railway station|Broughty Ferry Station]] at the eastern end of the city.
 
   
  +
[[Dundee Airport]] offers commercial flights to [[London City Airport]], [[Birmingham International Airport (United Kingdom)|Birmingham International Airport]] and [[George Best Belfast City Airport|Belfast City]].<ref>{{ cite web
There are other nearby stations at [[Invergowrie railway station|Invergowrie]], [[Balmossie railway station|Balmossie]] and [[Monifieth railway station|Monifieth]]. Passenger services at Dundee are provided by [[Abellio ScotRail]], [[CrossCountry]], [[Caledonian Sleeper]] and [[Virgin Trains East Coast]]. No freight trains serve the city since the [[Freightliner (UK)|Freightliner]] terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s. There are also many intercity bus services offered by [[Megabus (Europe)|Megabus]], [[Scottish Citylink|Citylink]] and [[National Express Coaches|National Express]].
 
  +
| url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm
  +
| title = Dundee Airport
  +
| accessdate = 2006-09-20
  +
| publisher = Dundee City Council |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060811190112/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-08-11}}</ref>
  +
The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located 3&nbsp;kilometres west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay. The nearest major international airport is [[Edinburgh Airport]], {{convert|59.2|mi|km}} to the south.
   
  +
The nearest passenger seaport is [[Rosyth]], about {{convert|35|mi|km}} to the south on the [[Firth of Forth]].
[[Dundee Airport]] offers commercial flights to [[London Stansted Airport]]. Flights to [[Birmingham Airport]] and [[George Best Belfast City Airport|Belfast City]] were discontinued in December 2012.<ref name="Dundee Airport">{{harvnb|Dundee Airport}}</ref> The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located {{convert|3|km}} west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay. The nearest major international airport is [[Edinburgh Airport]], {{convert|59.2|mi|km}} to the south.
 
   
  +
== Education ==
The nearest international passenger seaport is Aberdeen.
 
  +
=== Schools ===
  +
{{see also|List of schools in Dundee}}
  +
Schools in Dundee have a pupil enrollment of over 20,300.<ref name="council HMIE report">{{ cite web
  +
| url = http://www.hmie.gov.uk/documents/inspection/Dundee%20INEA%2005_01.html#2
  +
| title = Dundee City Council Dundee Inspection of Education Function of Local Authorities
  +
| accessdate = 2006-09-21
  +
| date = 29 May 2001
  +
| publisher = Dundee City Council }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> There are thirty-seven primary state schools and nine secondary state schools in the city. Of these, eleven primary and two secondary schools serve the city's Catholic population; the remainder are non-denominational.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Primary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/primaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate = 2009-03-02 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | title = Secondary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/secondaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate = 2009-03-02 }}</ref> There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and eighteen from Dundee and the surrounding area.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Kingspark School | url = http://kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk/ | publisher = kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk | accessdate = 2009-03-02 }}</ref>
   
  +
Dundee is home to one [[independent school]], the [[High School of Dundee]], which was founded in the 13th century by the [[Abbot]] and [[monk]]s of [[Lindores Abbey]].<ref>{{ cite book | last = Strong | first = J | year = 1909 | title = A history of Secondary Education in Scotland | publisher = Clarendon Press | location = Oxford | url = http://books.google.com/?id=xtjI2CK_DLIC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 9780559145810 }}</ref> The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832-34.<ref>{{ cite book | last = Colvin | first = H | year = 2008 | title = A biographical dictionary of British Architects, 1600-1840 | edition = 4th | publisher = Yale University Press | location = New Haven and London | url = http://books.google.com/?id=CSyaO-MqYoAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=dundee+high+school | isbn = 9780300125085 }}</ref> Early students included [[Thomas Thomson (chemist)|Thomas Thomson]] and [[Hector Boece]],<ref>{{ cite book | last = Kerr | first = J | year = 1913 | title = Scottish Education school and university from early times to 1908 with an addendum 1908-1913 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | url = http://books.google.com/?id=XO48AAAAIAAJ }}</ref> as well as the brothers [[James, John and Robert Wedderburn]] who were the authors of ''[[The Gude and Godlie Ballatis]]'', one of the most important literary works of the [[Scottish Reformation]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} It was the earliest [[reformed]] school in Scotland, having adopted the new religion in 1554.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} According to [[Blind Harry]]'s largely apocryphal work, [[William Wallace]], was also educated in Dundee.
The cargo port of Dundee is one of the largest economic generators in the city and is operated by [[Forth Ports]]. Seafarers arriving at the port are given welfare and pastoral assistance by seafarers charity [[Apostleship of the Sea]].
 
 
== Education ==
 
   
 
=== Colleges and universities ===
 
=== Colleges and universities ===
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[[File:Dundee University.jpg|thumb|The University of Dundee]]
 
[[File:Dundee University.jpg|thumb|The University of Dundee]]
   
Dundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 20,000.<ref>http://www.dundee.ac.uk/registry/main/statistics/14-15_fst_dpt.xlsx</ref><ref>http://www.abertay.ac.uk/discover/the-university/</ref>
+
Dundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 17,000.<ref name="population" />
   
The [[University of Dundee]] became an independent entity in 1967, after 70 years of being incorporated into the [[University of St Andrews]]. It was founded in 1881 by [[Mary Ann Baxter]] and her distant cousin John Boyd Baxter as University College, Dundee, and teaching began in 1883. It fully merged with the University of St Andrews in 1897 and was reorganised as Queen's College, Dundee in 1954.<ref name="Records of the University">{{cite web|title=Records of the University of Dundee and its Predecessors |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/source-history.htm#Uni |work=Archival Sources for Local and Scottish History |publisher=[[University of Dundee]] |accessdate=27 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808121954/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/source-history.htm |archivedate=8 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="A Dundee Celebration">{{cite book|last=Baxter|first=Kenneth|title=A Dundee Celebration|year=2007|publisher=[[University of Dundee]]|location=Dundee|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Significant research in [[biomedical]] fields and [[oncology]] is carried out in the "College of Life Sciences".<ref name="College of Life Sciences">{{harvnb|College of Life Sciences}}</ref> The University is also home to the renowned [[Dundee Law School]],<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.scottishlegal.com/2016/05/24/law-at-dundee-takes-top-spot-in-guardian-university-guide-2017/ | location=Dundee | work=Scottish Legal News | title=Law | date=12 September 2016}}</ref> situated in the Scrymgeour Building on the main campus and one of the UK's top [[University of Dundee School of Medicine|medical schools]], based at the city's [[Ninewells Hospital]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/table/2011/may/17/university-guide-medicine | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Medicine | date=17 May 2011}}</ref> The university also incorporates the [[Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design]] and the teacher training college.
+
The [[University of Dundee]] became an independent entity in 1967, after 70&nbsp;years of being incorporated into the [[University of St Andrews]] during which time it was known initially as University College and latterly as Queen's College. Significant research in [[biomedical]] fields and [[oncology]] is carried out in the "College of Life Sciences".<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.dundee.ac.uk/biocentre/ | title = Overview | work = College of Life Sciences Research Biocentre | publisher = [[University of Dundee]] | accessdate = 06-08-01 }}</ref> The university also incorporates the [[Duncan of Jordanstone School of Art and Design]] and the teacher training college.
   
The [[Abertay University]] was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1988. Previously, the buildings formed Bell Street Technical College, a further education college. It was granted university status in 1994 under the [[Further and Higher Education Act, 1992]]. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in [[computer games]] technology.<ref name="money for computer games centre">{{harvnb|money for computer games centre}}</ref> and is where the makers of [[Grand Theft Auto (series)|Grand Theft Auto]] started out.
+
The [[University of Abertay Dundee]] was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888. It was granted university status in 1994 under the [[Further and Higher Education Act, 1992]]. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in [[computer games]] technology.<ref>{{ cite news | author = BBC news | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/7881894.stm | title = Money for computer games centre | accessdate = 09-03-10 | date=2009-02-10 | work=BBC News}}</ref>
   
[[Dundee College]] is the city's umbrella [[further education]] college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training. As of 2013 it merged with [[Angus College]] in [[Arbroath]], to become [[Dundee and Angus College]] (D&A College).
+
[[Dundee College]] is the city's umbrella [[further education]] college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training.
   
The Al-Maktoum College of Higher Education was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2002. It is a research-led institution of higher education which are currently offering programmes accredited by [[Scottish Qualifications Authority|SQA]] in the study of [[Islam]] and [[Muslim]]s, [[Arabic language]] and Islamic Economics and Finance. It is an independent institution. It is named after its patron, [[Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum]].<ref>{{harvnb|Al-Maktoum Institute}}</ref>
+
The Al-Maktoum Institute was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2001. It is a research-led institution of higher education which offers postgraduate programmes of study (taught Masters and MPhil/PhD research) in the study of Islam and Muslims and multiculturalism. It is an independent institution, with its degree programmes validated by the University of Aberdeen.
 
=== Schools ===
 
{{see also|List of schools in Dundee}}
 
 
Schools in Dundee have a pupil enrolment of over 20,300. There are 37 primary state schools and nine secondary state schools in the city. Of these, 11 primary and two secondary schools serve the city's Catholic population; the remainder are non-denominational.<ref>{{harvnb|Primary Schools}}; {{harvnb|Secondary Schools}}</ref> There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and 18 from Dundee and the surrounding area.<ref>{{harvnb|Kingspark School}}</ref>
 
 
Dundee has one independent school, the [[High School of Dundee]], which was founded in the 13th century by the [[Abbot]] and [[monk]]s of [[Lindores Abbey]].<ref>{{harvnb|Strong|1909|p=19}}</ref> The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832–34.<ref>{{harvnb|Colvin|2008|p=xx}}</ref> Early students included [[Thomas Thomson (chemist)|Thomas Thomson]] and [[Hector Boece]],<ref>{{harvnb|Kerr|1913|p=13}}</ref> as well as the brothers [[James, John and Robert Wedderburn]] who were the authors of ''[[The Gude and Godlie Ballatis]]'', used early in the [[Scottish Reformation]] as a vehicle to spread Protestant theology.<ref>{{harvnb|Dawson|2007|p=159}}</ref> It was the earliest [[reformed]] school in Scotland, having adopted the new religion in 1554.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} According to [[Blind Harry]]'s largely apocryphal work ''[[The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace]]'', [[William Wallace]] was also educated in Dundee.
 
   
 
== Religious sites ==
 
== Religious sites ==
 
 
=== Christian groups ===
 
=== Christian groups ===
   
 
[[File:Dundee Parish Church, St Mary's.jpg|thumb|Dundee Parish Church, St Mary's is one of three of the Dundee's ''City Churches'' which are joined together; only two function as places of worship: St. Mary's and St. Clement's (the Old Steeple) which can be seen in the background.]]
 
[[File:Dundee Parish Church, St Mary's.jpg|thumb|Dundee Parish Church, St Mary's is one of three of the Dundee's ''City Churches'' which are joined together; only two function as places of worship: St. Mary's and St. Clement's (the Old Steeple) which can be seen in the background.]]
   
The [[Church of Scotland]] [[Presbyterian polity|Presbytery]] of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges.<ref>{{harvnb|Presbytery of Dundee}}</ref> Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, [[Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's)]] and the [[Steeple Church]], are the most prominent [[Church of Scotland]] buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of [[St Mary]], of which only the 15th-century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2009|p=5}}</ref> Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to [[Pope Clement I|St Clement]], has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=52}}</ref>
+
The [[Church of Scotland]] [[Presbyterian polity|Presbytery]] of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, 21 of which are in the city itself, with a further 5 in [[Broughty Ferry]] and [[Barnhill, Dundee|Barnhill]], although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk/index.html | title = Presbytery of Dundee | publisher = www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref> Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, [[Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's)]] and the [[Steeple Church]], are the most prominent [[Church of Scotland]] buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of [[St Mary]], of which only the 15th century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to [[Pope Clement I|St Clement]], has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
   
In the [[Middle Ages]] Dundee was also the site of houses of the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] (Blackfriars), and [[Franciscans]] (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the [[Scottish Reformation]], in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street (also referred to as the Dek-tarn street) and [[The Howff]] burial ground, respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackie|1836|p=120}}; {{harvnb|Foggie|2003|p=35}}</ref>
+
In the [[Middle Ages]] Dundee was also the site of houses of the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] (Blackfriars), and [[Franciscans]] (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the [[Scottish Reformation]], in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street and Howff burial ground respectively.<ref name = "historical description"/><ref>{{ cite book | url = http://books.google.com/?id=pk1g1EVJGBkC&pg=PA10&dq=dundee+blackfriars+greyfriars+reformation+sacked+burial+ground|page=197 | title=Renaissance Religion in Urban Scotland | last = Foggie | first = J | year = 2003 | publisher=Brill | isbn = 9789004129290 }}</ref>
   
[[St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee|St. Paul's Cathedral]] is the seat of the [[Scottish Episcopal]] [[Diocese of Brechin (Episcopalian)|Diocese of Brechin]]. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 9 congregations in the city, as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. The diocese is led by [[Nigel Peyton|Bishop Nigel Peyton]]. [[St Andrew's Cathedral, Dundee|St. Andrew's Cathedral]] is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Diocese of Dunkeld]], led by Bishop [[Stephen Robson]]. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area, including [[St Mary, Our Lady of Victories Church, Dundee|St Mary, Our Lady of Victories Church]] in the city.<ref>{{harvnb|The Diocese of Dunkeld}}</ref>
+
[[St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee|St. Paul's Cathedral]] is the seat of the [[Scottish Episcopal]] [[Diocese of Brechin (Episcopalian)|Diocese of Brechin]]. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 8 congregations in the city (9, including Broughty Ferry), as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. The diocese was led by Bishop John Mantle until October 2010 when Bishop Mantle retired. The Diocese will be electing a new bishop in the Spring of 2011.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | title = The Diocese of Brechin | publisher = www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref> [[St Andrew's Cathedral, Dundee|St. Andrew's Cathedral]] is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Diocese of Dunkeld]], led by Bishop [[Vincent Paul Logan]]. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk/ | title = The Diocese of Dunkeld | publisher = www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref>
   
There are [[Methodism|Methodist]],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Methodist Church}}</ref> [[Baptist]],<ref>{{harvnb|Trinity Baptist Church}}</ref> [[Congregationalist]],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Congregational Church}}</ref> [[United Reformed Church]],<ref>{{harvnb|National Synod of Scotland, URC East Link}}</ref> [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostalist]]<ref>{{harvnb|Assemblies of God Scotland}}</ref> and [[Salvation Army]]<ref>{{harvnb|Salvation Army Dundee}}; {{harvnb|Salvation Army Menzieshill}}</ref> churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]]s,<ref>{{harvnb|Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee}}</ref> the [[Society of Friends]],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Quaker Meeting}}</ref> the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]],<ref>{{harvnb|Jehovah's Witnesses Dundee}}</ref> [[Seventh-day Adventist]]s, [[Christadelphians]],<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia}}</ref> and the [[Latter Day Saint|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].<ref>{{harvnb|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}}</ref>
+
There are [[Methodism|Methodist]],<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.dundeemethodist.org.uk | title = Dundee Methodist Church | publisher = www.dundeemethodist.org.uk. | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref> [[Baptist]],<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.cbcdundee.org.uk/main/index.php | title = Central Baptist Church Dundee | publisher = www.cbcdundee.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} and {{ cite web | url = http://www.tbcdundee.org.uk | title = Trinity Baptist Church Dundee | publisher = www.tbcdundee.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref> [[Congregationalist]],<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.doorsopendays.org.uk/opendays/docs/00DOD07leaflet.pdf | title = Doors Open Sunday | publisher = www.doorsopensunday.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> [[Pentacostalism|Pentacostalist]]<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.aogscotland.org.uk/ChurchDirectory.htm#EastCoast | title = Assemblies of God Scotland | publisher = www.aogscotland.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}, {{ cite web | url = http://www.eliminscotland.org.uk/03.htm | title = Elim Pentacostal Churches in Scotland | publisher = www.eliminscotland.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> and [[Salvation Army]],<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/dundee | title = Salvation Army Dundee | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }} and {{ cite web | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/menzieshill | title = Salvation Army Menzieshill | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref> churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]]s,<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | title = Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee | publisher = www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref> the [[Society of Friends]],<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.quakerscotland.org/dundee | title = Dundee Quaker Meeting | publisher = www.quakerscotland.org | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref> the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]],<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.mylocalservices.co.uk/Angus/Religious_Organisations/1733939/Jehovahs_Witnesses.html | title = Jehovah's Witnesses&nbsp;— Angus&nbsp;— Religious Organisations | publisher = www.mylocalservices.co.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref> [[Christadelphians]],<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.searchforhope.org/dundee | title = Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia | publisher = www.searchforhope.org | accessdate = 2010-10-26 }}</ref> and [[Latter Day Saint|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://www.lds.org.uk/chapel_locator.php?county=3&keyword=&post_code=&show_text=1&town=&type=MH | title = The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints search | publisher = www.lds.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-30 }}</ref>
   
=== Other religious communities ===
+
=== Non-Christian groups ===
   
[[Muslim]]s are served by the [[Dundee Central Mosque]] built in 2000 to replace their former premises on the Hilltown.<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque}}</ref> There are three other mosques in the city including;
+
[[Muslim]]s are served by the Dundee Islamic Society Central [[Mosque]] in Brown Street built in 2000 to replace their former premises in Hilltown.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.dundeecentralmosque.org.uk/home.htm | title = Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque | publisher = dundeecentralmosque.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-28 }}</ref> There are also smaller mosques at Victoria Road and Dura Street.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.almi.abdn.ac.uk/ | title = Al Maktoum Institute of Islamic and Arabic Studies | publisher = www.almi.abdn.ac.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-28 }}</ref>
Jamia Masjid Tajdare Madina on Victoria Road, Jame Masjid Bilal on Dura Street and Al Maktoum Mosque on Wilkie's Lane. Alongside these there is an Islamic Society on the [[University of Dundee]] campus.<ref>{{harvnb|UK Mosque Searcher: Mosques in Dundee}}</ref>
 
   
  +
A recorded [[Jewish]] community has existed in the city since the 19th century. There is a small [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] [[synagogue]] at Dudhope Park<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.scojec.org/communities/dundee/index.html | title = Dundee Hebrew Congregation | publisher = www.scojec.org | accessdate = 2009-01-28 }}</ref> that was built in the 1960s,<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml | title = Scotlands Jewish Community | publisher = www.jgsgb.org.uk | accessdate = 2009-01-28 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080801015456/http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2008-08-01}}</ref> with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located three miles (5&nbsp;km) to the east.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.jewishgen.org/cemetery/brit/scotland.html | title = International Jewish Cemetery Project&nbsp;— Scotland | publisher = www.jewishgen.org (archived at web.archive.org) | accessdate = 2009-01-28 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080118173847/http://www.jewishgen.org/cemetery/brit/scotland.html |archivedate = 2008-01-18}}</ref> Samye Dzong Dundee is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] Temple based in Reform Street.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://dundee.samye.org/ | title = Kagyu Samye Dzong Dundee (Rokpa Dundee) | publisher = dundee.samye.org | accessdate = 2009-01-28 }}</ref> There is also a [[Hindu]] [[mandir]] and [[Sikh]] [[gurdwara]]<ref name="gurdwara">{{ cite web | url = http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/world-gurudwaras/gurudwaras-in-scotland.html | title = Gurudwaras in Scotland | publisher = www.allaboutsikhs.com | accessdate = 2009-01-28 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.hinducounciluk.org/newsite/affiliates.asp | title = Hindu Council UK | publisher = www.hinducounciluk.org | accessdate = 2009-01-28 }}</ref> that share a premises in Taylor's Lane situated in the [[West End, Dundee|West End]] of the city, and there is a second gurdwara in Victoria Road.<ref name="gurdwara"/>
The [[Sikh]] community is served by the Guru Nanak [[Gurdwara]] on Victoria Road, which serves its community in Dundee.<ref>{{harvnb|Gurudwaras in Scotland}}</ref>
 
 
A recorded [[Jewish]] community has existed in the city since the early 19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Abrams|2009|pp=65–94}}</ref> There is a small [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] synagogue at Dudhope Park<ref>{{harvnb|Dundee Hebrew Congregation}}</ref> that was built in the 1960s,<ref>{{harvnb|Scotland's Jewish Community}}</ref> with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located three miles (5&nbsp;km) to the east.<ref>{{harvnb|International Jewish Cemetery Project – Scotland}}</ref> Samye Dzong Dundee is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] Temple based in Reform Street.<ref>{{harvnb|Kagyu Samye Dzong Dundee (Rokpa Dundee)}}</ref> There is also a [[Hindu]] [[mandir]] in Taylor's Lane situated in the [[West End, Dundee|West End]] of the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Hindu Council UK}}</ref>
 
   
 
== Culture ==
 
== Culture ==
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[[File:McManus Galleries.jpg|thumb|left|The [[McManus Galleries]] in the city's Albert Square]]
 
[[File:McManus Galleries.jpg|thumb|left|The [[McManus Galleries]] in the city's Albert Square]]
   
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Dundee is home to Scotland's only full-time [[repertory]] ensemble, established in the 1930s. One of its alumni, [[Hollywood]] actor [[Brian Cox (actor)|Brian Cox]] is a native of the city.<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4880844.stm | title=Cox may be ambassador for Dundee | publisher=BBC news | date=5 April 2006 | accessdate=2006-07-08 }}</ref> The [[Dundee Repertory Theatre]], built in 1982 is the base for [[Scottish Dance Theatre]]. Dundee's principal [[concert]] [[auditorium]], the [[Caird Hall]] (named after its benefactor, the jute baron [[James Key Caird]]) regularly hosts the [[Royal Scottish National Orchestra]]. Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual [[Jazz]], [[Guitar]] and [[Blues]] Festivals. An art gallery and an art house cinema are located in [[Dundee Contemporary Arts]], which opened in 1999 in the city's cultural quarter. [[McManus Galleries]] is a [[Gothic Revival]]-style building, located in Albert Square. It houses a museum and art gallery; exhibits include a collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts. Britain's only full-time public [[observatory]], [[Mills Observatory]] is located at the summit of the city's [[Balgay|Balgay Hill]]. [[Sensation Science Centre]],<ref>{{ cite web|url=http://www.sensation.org.uk/ |title=Education > School Trip Dundee, Nursery Trip Dundee, School Visit Dundee, Nursery Visit, Science Fair Dundee |publisher=Sensation.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-01-31}}</ref> is a science center with over 80 exhibits based on the five senses. [[Verdant Works]] is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill. A new £47 million pound centre for art and design known as the "V&A at Dundee" is to be built south of Craig Harbour onto the [[River Tay]] for completion in 2014. The new museum may bring another 500,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs for the area.<ref name="V&A at Dundee">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8452055.stm |title=Dundee to get its own V&A museum |publisher=BBC News |date=January 11, 2010 |accessdate=2010-11-01}}</ref>
Dundee is home to a full-time [[repertory]] ensemble, which originated in 1939. One of its alumni, Hollywood actor [[Brian Cox (actor)|Brian Cox]], is a native of the city.<ref>{{harvnb|Cox may be ambassador for Dundee}}</ref> The [[Dundee Repertory Theatre]], built in 1982, is also the base for the [[Scottish Dance Theatre]] company.
 
 
Dundee's principal concert [[auditorium]], the [[Caird Hall]] (named after its benefactor, the jute baron [[James Key Caird]]) in the City Square regularly hosts the [[Royal Scottish National Orchestra]].<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=78}}</ref> Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual [[Jazz]], Guitar and [[Blues]] Festivals. The [[Dundee Contemporary Arts]], which opened in 1999 in the city's cultural quarter, is home to both an art gallery and art-house cinema.<ref>{{harvnb|Jarron|2011|p=183}}</ref>
 
 
Dundee has hosted the [[Royal National Mòd|National Mod]] a number of times – 1902, 1913, 1937, 1959 and 1974.<ref name=SMO>[http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/mod/ List of Mod's places] for each year on [[Sabhal Mòr Ostaig]] website</ref>
 
 
[[Dundee Contemporary Arts]] (abbreviated DCA) is an international art centre in the Nethergate close to Dundee Rep, which houses two contemporary art galleries, a two-screen cinema, a print studio, a visual research centre and a café bar.
 
 
The city's main museum and art gallery, [[McManus Galleries]], is in Albert Square.<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=30}}</ref> The exhibits include a collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts. Britain's only full-time public [[observatory]], [[Mills Observatory]] at the summit of the city's [[Balgay|Balgay Hill]], was given to the city by linen manufacturer and keen amateur scientist John Mills in 1935.<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=47}}</ref> [[Sensation Science Centre]] in the Greenmarket is a science centre based on the five senses with a series of interactive shows and exhibits.<ref>{{harvnb|Day|Milne|2010|p=20}}</ref> [[Verdant Works]] is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill.<ref>Gale & Kaur (2002) p187; Dundee Heritage Trust (1998) pp1-3</ref> The [[University of Dundee]] also runs several public museums and galleries, including the [http://www.dundee.ac.uk/museum/zoology D'Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum] and the [http://www.dundee.ac.uk/museum/medical.htm Tayside Medical History Museum]. The university, through [[Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design]] also offers the Cooper Gallery for contemporary art, and its archives including: the abcD (artists' books collection Dundee); the REWIND Archive (video art collection); and the [[Richard Demarco]] Digital Archive. A new £80 million centre for art and design known as the "V&A at Dundee" is to be built south of Craig Harbour onto the [[River Tay]] for completion in 2017. The new museum may bring another 500,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs.<ref name="V&A at Dundee">{{harvnb|Dundee to get its own V&A museum}}</ref>
 
 
The city's archival records are mostly kept by two [[archives]]: [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/archive/ Dundee City Archives], operated by [[Dundee City Council]] and the [[University of Dundee]]'s [http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives Archive Services]. Dundee City Archives holds the official records of the city and of the former [[Tayside Regional Council]].<ref name="City Archives">{{cite web|title=Archives|url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/archive/|publisher=[[Dundee City Council]]|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> The archive also holds the records of various people, groups and organisations connected to the city. The university's Archive Services hold a wide range of material relating to the university and its predecessor institutions and to individuals associated with the university, such as [[D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson]]. Archive Services also holds the archives of several individuals, businesses and organisations based in Dundee and the surrounding area.<ref name="University of Dundee Archive Services">{{cite web|title=University of Dundee Archives Services |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives|publisher=University of Dundee|accessdate=2 June 2011}}</ref> The records held include a substantial number of business archives relating to the jute and linen industry in Dundee; records of other businesses including the archives of the [[Alliance Trust]] and the department store G. L. Wilson; the records of the Brechin Diocese of the [[Scottish Episcopal Church]]; and the [[NHS Tayside]] Archive.<ref name="University of Dundee Archive Services2">{{cite web|title=University of Dundee Archives Services the Collections|url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/archman.htm|publisher=University of Dundee|accessdate=2 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Archives, Records and Artefacts">{{cite web|title=Business Archives|url=http://www.archives-records-artefacts.blogspot.com/2011/01/business-archives.html|publisher=Archives, Records and Artefacts at the University of Dundee|accessdate=5 February 2016}}</ref> The same archive also holds the [[Michael Peto]] collection which includes thousands of the [[photojournalist]]'s photographs, negatives, slides, publications and papers.<ref name="University of Dundee Archive Services Peto">[http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives//peto/ "Michael Peto Photographic Collection"], University of Dundee. Retrieved 26 May 2011.</ref>
 
   
 
[[File:DC Thomson Building.jpg|thumb|Dundee Headquarters of [[DC Thomson]] & Co.]]
 
[[File:DC Thomson Building.jpg|thumb|Dundee Headquarters of [[DC Thomson]] & Co.]]
   
Dundee is home to DC Thomson & Son Ltd, established in 1905, which produces over 200 million magazines, newspapers and comics every year; these include ''[[The Beano]]'', ''[[The Dandy]]'' and ''[[The Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press and Journal]]''.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include [[A. L. Kennedy]], [[Rosamunde Pilcher]], [[Kate Atkinson]], [[Thomas Dick (scientist)|Thomas Dick]], [[Mary Shelley]], Mick McCluskey, [[John Burnside]] and [[Neil Forsyth]]. The [[Dundee International Book Prize]] is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. [[William McGonagall]], regularly cited as the "world's worst poet",<ref name="World's Worst Poet">{{harvnb|McGonagall|1992}}</ref> worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work ''The Tay Bridge Disaster''. Dundee's poetic heritage is represented by the 2013 poetry anthology 'Whaleback City' edited by W. N. Herbert and Andy Jackson (Dundee University Press) containing poems by McGonagall, Don Paterson, Douglas Dunn, John Burnside and many others. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofrecovery.com|title=cityofrecovery.com|work=cityofrecovery.com}}</ref>
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Dundee is home to DC Thomson. Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include [[A. L. Kennedy]], [[Rosamunde Pilcher]], [[Kate Atkinson]], [[Thomas Dick]], [[Mary Shelley]], [[Mick McCluskey]], [[John Burnside]] and [[Neil Forsyth]]. The [[Dundee International Book Prize]] is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. [[William McGonagall]], regularly cited as the "worlds worst poet",<ref>{{ cite
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|author=William McGonagall
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|title=World's Worst Poet: Selections from "Poetic Gems"
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|publisher=Templegate Publishers
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|year=1992}}</ref> worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work ''The Tay Bridge Disaster''. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.<ref>www.cityofrecovery.com</ref>
   
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===Cinema===
Dundee bid to be named 2017 [[UK City of Culture]], and on 19 June 2013 was named as one of the four short-listed cities alongside [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], [[Leicester]] and [[Swansea Bay]].<ref>{{cite web|title=UK City of Culture 2017 shortlist of four announced|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22967259|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=20 June 2013}}</ref> Ultimately, Dundee's bid was unsuccessful, with Hull winning the contest.<ref name="TelegraphCultureBid">{{cite news|last1=Cramb|first1=Auslan|title=Dundee loses City of Culture bid, but presses ahead with events|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/10462917/Dundee-loses-City-of-Culture-bid-but-presses-ahead-with-events.html|accessdate=27 September 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=20 November 2013}}</ref> Dundee came fifth in a newspaper survey regarding numbers of cultural venues in the United Kingdom, ahead of other Scottish cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-crowned-scotland-s-most-cultural-city-and-we-beat-hull-too-1.619566|title=Dundee crowned Scotland’s most cultural city (and we beat Hull too!)|work=eveningtelegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dundee.stv.tv/articles/295051-dundee-is-the-fifth-most-cultural-city-in-the-uk-according-to-new-survey/|title=Dundee is the fifth most cultural city in the UK according to new survey - STV Dundee - Dundee|author=Joe Birchenall|work=STV Dundee}}</ref>
 
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The Dundee Mountain Film Festival (DMFF), held in the last weekend of November, presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering, mountain culture and adventure sport, along with an art and trade exhibition.<ref name="Dundee festival">{{cite web |url=http://www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk |title=Dundee Mountain Film Festival |publisher=Dundee Mountain Film Festival |accessdate=2010-11-01}}</ref>
 
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DMFF is also one of the member of International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mountainfilmalliance.org/|title= International Alliance for Mountain Film}}</ref> among other important international [[Mountain film]] festivals.
=== Cinema ===
 
 
The Dundee Mountain Film Festival (DMFF), held in the last weekend of November, presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering, mountain culture and adventure sport, along with an art and trade exhibition.<ref name="Dundee festival">{{harvnb|Dundee Mountain Film Festival}}</ref>
 
DMFF is also one of the members of International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF)<ref name="International Alliance">{{harvnb|International Alliance for Mountain Film}}</ref> among other important international [[Mountain film]] festivals.
 
 
[[Dundee Contemporary Arts]] hosts an annual [[horror film]] festival called ''Dundead'', which started in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zcint.co.uk/article/dca-unveil-dundead-ii-festival-lineup|title=DCA Unveil Dundead II Festival Line-Up|date=5 March 2012|accessdate=15 July 2013}}</ref>
 
 
The city also has two [[Multiplex (movie theater)|Multiplex]] cinemas, [[Odeon Cinemas|Odeon]] and [[Cineworld]].
 
   
 
=== Music ===
 
=== Music ===
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Popular music groups such as the 1970s [[soul-funk]] outfit [[Average White Band]], the [[Associates]],<ref>{{ cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Vault, Biography, Associates | work = Music Scotland | publisher = BBC | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/musicscotland/thevault/biogs/full_biog.shtml?file=a/associates | doi = | accessdate = 2006-09-06 }}</ref> the band [[Spare Snare]],<ref name="big weekend">{{ cite news | last = Wilson | first = Alan | title = Music's top stars headline Dundee festival | work = The Courier | pages = | publisher = [[DC Thomson]] | date = 25 April 2006 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/output/2006/04/25/newsstory8263621t0.asp | accessdate = 2006-09-06 }}</ref> [[Danny Wilson (band)|Danny Wilson]] and the [[Indie rock]] bands [[The View (band)|The View]] and [[The Law (Scotland band)|The Law]] hail from Dundee. [[The View (band)|The View's]] debut album went to number one in the UK charts in January 2007.<ref name="big weekend" /> [[Ricky Ross (musician)|Ricky Ross]] of [[Deacon Blue]] and [[singer-songwriter]] [[KT Tunstall]] are former pupils of the [[High School of Dundee]], although Tunstall is not a native of the city.<ref>{{ cite news | last = Didcock | first = Barry | coauthors = | title = Almost Famous | work = | pages = | language = | publisher = [[Sunday Herald]] | date = 1 May 2005 | url = http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 | accessdate = 2006-09-06 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060427090846/http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-04-27}}</ref> The [[Northern Ireland|Northern Irish]] indie rock band [[Snow Patrol]] was formed by students at the [[University of Dundee]],<ref>{{ cite web | last = Borges | first = Mario Mesquita | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Snow Patrol Biography | work = [[Yahoo! Music]] | publisher = [[Yahoo!]] | date = | url = http://music.yahoo.com/ar-296554-bio--Snow-Patrol | doi = | accessdate = 2006-09-06 }}</ref> [[Brian Molko]], lead singer of [[Placebo (band)|Placebo]], grew up in the city.<ref>{{ cite web | title = NME Interview with Placebo | url=http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm | publisher=[[NME]]/PlaceboWorld | accessdate = 2006-07-17 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060415091720/http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-04-15}}</ref> At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual [[blues]] festival known as the ''[[Dundee Blues Bonanza]]''.<ref>{{ cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Dundee Blues Bonanza | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.dundeebluesbonanza.co.uk/ | doi = | accessdate = 2006-09-06 }}</ref>
 
Popular music groups such as the 1970s [[soul-funk]] outfit [[Average White Band]], the [[Associates (band)|Associates]], the band [[Spare Snare]], [[Danny Wilson (band)|Danny Wilson]] and the [[Indie rock]] bands [[The View (band)|The View]] and [[The Law (Scotland band)|The Law]] are from Dundee. [[Ricky Ross (musician)|Ricky Ross]] of [[Deacon Blue]] and singer-songwriter [[KT Tunstall]] are former pupils of the [[High School of Dundee]], although Tunstall is not a native of the city.<ref name="Almost Famous">{{harvnb|Almost Famous}}</ref> The Northern Irish indie rock band [[Snow Patrol]] was formed by students at the [[University of Dundee]],<ref name="Snow Patrol">{{harvnb|Snow Patrol}}</ref>
 
[[Brian Molko]], lead singer of [[Placebo (band)|Placebo]], grew up in the city.<ref name="NME Interview">{{harvnb|NME Interview with Placebo}}</ref>
 
At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual [[blues]] festival known as the ''[[Dundee Blues Bonanza]]''.<ref name="Dundee Blues Bonanza">{{harvnb|Dundee Blues Bonanza}}</ref>
 
   
 
=== Television and radio ===
 
=== Television and radio ===
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Dundee is home to one of eleven [[BBC Scotland]] broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Contact numbers for BBC Scotland | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/aboutus/ciac/information/contact.shtml | publisher = www.bbc.co.uk | accessdate = 2009-03-02 }}</ref> [[STV North]]'s Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an ''STV News Tayside'' opt-out bulletin is broadcast, (though not on Digital Satellite), within the nightly regional news programme, ''[[STV News at Six]]''. The city also has a community internet TV station called The Dundee Channel which was launched on 1 September 2009.
   
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The city has three local radio stations. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Radio Tay's first day | url = http://retrodundee.blogspot.com/2008/11/radio-tays-first-day-1980.html | publisher = retrodundee.blogspot.com | accessdate = 2009-01-29 }}</ref> The station split frequencies in January 1995 launching [[Tay FM]] for a younger audience and [[Tay AM]] playing classic hits. In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed [[Wave 102]].
Dundee is home to one of 11 [[BBC Scotland]] broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre.<ref name="Contact numbers for BBC Scotland">{{harvnb|Contact numbers for BBC Scotland}}</ref> [[STV North]]'s Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an ''STV News Tayside'' opt-out bulletin is broadcast, (though not on Digital Satellite), within the nightly regional news programme, ''[[STV News at Six]]''. The city also had a community internet TV station called The [[Dundee Channel]] which was launched on 1 September 2009.
 
   
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== Sports ==
The city has three local radio stations. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980.<ref name="Radio Tay's first day">{{harvnb|Radio Tay's first day}}</ref> The station split frequencies in January 1995 launching [[Tay FM]] for a younger audience and [[Tay AM]] playing classic hits. In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed [[Wave 102]].
 
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=== Football===
   
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Dundee has two professional [[soccer|football]] teams; [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] and [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] who play at [[Dens Park]] and [[Tannadice Park]], respectively.<ref>{{ cite web | author = Scottish Premier League | title = Dundee United Football Club, Team Profile | url = http://www.scotprem.com/content/default.asp?page=s10_2 | publisher = www.scotprem.com | accessdate = 2009-03-10 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | author = Scottish Football League | title = Dundee F.C. | url = http://www.scottishfootballleague.com/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=1168 | publisher = www.scottishfootballleague.com | accessdate = 2009-03-10 }}</ref> Their stadiums are closer together than any senior football club pair in the UK.<ref>{{ cite web | author = Scottish Football Archive | title = Tannadice Park | url = http://scottishfootballarchive.co.uk/grounds/tannadice-park | publisher = scottishfootballarchive.co.uk | accessdate = 2009-03-10 }}</ref> Dundee is one of only three British cities to have produced two [[European Champion Clubs' Cup|European Cup]] semi-finalists.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} Dundee lost to [[A.C. Milan]] in [[European Cup 1962-63#Semi finals|1963]]<ref>{{ cite web | author = European Cup History | title = Season 1962-1963 | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro63.html | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate = 2009-03-10 }}</ref> and Dundee United lost to [[A.S. Roma]] in [[European Cup 1983-84#Semifinals|1984]].<ref>{{cite web | author = European Cup History | title = Season 1983-1984 | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro84.html | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate = 2009-03-10 }}</ref> Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1967-68#Semifinals|1968]] and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in [[UEFA Cup 1986-87#Final|1987]].<ref>{{ cite web | author = UEFA Cup | title = 1986/87: IFK back on top | url = http://www.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1986/intro.html | publisher = www.uefa.com | accessdate = 2009-03-10 }}</ref> There are also seven [[football (soccer)|junior football]] teams in the area: [[Dundee North End F.C.|Dundee North End]], [[East Craigie F.C.|East Craigie]], [[Lochee Harp F.C.|Lochee Harp]], [[Lochee United F.C.|Lochee United]], [[Dundee Violet F.C.|Dundee Violet]], Broughty Athletic JFC and [[Downfield F.C.|Downfield]].<ref name="scottish junior football">{{cite web |url=http://www.footballcentral.org/sfa/associations/scottish-junior-football-association/club-directory-a-k.cfm |title=Scottish Junior football teams A-K |publisher=Scottish Junior Football Association |accessdate=2009-12-06}}</ref>
== Sports and recreation ==
 
   
===Football===
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===Ice hockey===
   
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The city is home to the [[Dundee Stars]] who play out of the [[Dundee Ice Arena]]. They will be competing in the [[Elite Ice Hockey League]] from the 2010/2011 season which is the top league in Britain and it also includes two other Scottish teams which are the [[Edinburgh Capitals]] and the [[Braehead Clan]].
Dundee has two professional [[football]] clubs: [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]], founded in 1893, and [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]], founded in 1909 as Dundee Hibernian. Dundee play in the [[Scottish Premiership]] and Dundee United play in the [[Scottish Championship]]. Their grounds [[Dens Park]] and [[Tannadice Park]] are just 100 metres apart, closer together than any other football stadiums in the UK. The [[Dundee derby|Dundee Derby]] is one of the most highly anticipated fixtures in Scottish football. Dundee is one of four British cities to have produced two [[European Champion Clubs' Cup|European Cup]] semi-finalists. Dundee lost to [[A.C. Milan]] in [[European Cup 1962-63#Semi finals|1963]]<ref name="Dundee, European Cup History">{{harvnb|European Cup History, Season 1962–1963}}</ref> and Dundee United lost to [[A.S. Roma]] in [[European Cup 1983-84#Semi-finals|1984]].<ref name="Dundee United, European Cup History">{{harvnb|European Cup History, Season 1983–1984}}</ref> Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1967-68#Semifinals|1968]] and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in [[UEFA Cup 1986-87#Final|1987]].<ref name="Dundee United, UEFA Cup History">{{harvnb|UEFA Cup History, Season 1986–1987}}</ref> There are also seven junior football teams in the area: [[Dundee North End F.C.|Dundee North End]], [[East Craigie F.C.|East Craigie]], [[Lochee Harp F.C.|Lochee Harp]], [[Lochee United F.C.|Lochee United]], [[Dundee Violet F.C.|Dundee Violet]], [[Broughty Athletic F.C.|Broughty Athletic]] and [[Downfield F.C.|Downfield]].<ref name="Scottish Junior Football Clubs A–K">{{harvnb|Scottish Junior Football Clubs A–K}}</ref>
 
   
===Ice hockey===
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=== Other sport===
[[Dundee Stars]], the main [[ice hockey]] team, play at the [[Dundee Ice Arena]]. The team joined the [[Elite Ice Hockey League|Elite League]] in the 2010/2011 season.<ref name="Dundee Stars join Elite">{{harvnb|Dundee Stars join Elite}}</ref> They are one of four professional ice hockey teams in Scotland, and play against teams from England, [[Wales]] and [[Northern Ireland]] in the Elite League. The majority of the team are North American professionals. There are also two amateur ice hockey teams, [[Dundee Tigers]] and [[Dundee Comets]], who both play in the [[Scottish National League (ice hockey)|Scottish National League]].
 
   
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The city is also home to five [[rugby union]] teams &ndash; [[Dundee HSFP|Dundee High School Former Pupils]] rugby club who play in the First Division of the [[Scottish Hydro Electric Premiership]] and Morgan Academy Former Pupils which plays in the Third Division of the [[Scottish Hydro Electric Premiership]]. Furthermore, Harris Academy F.P.R.F.C, Panmure R.F.C. and Stobswell R.F.C. also operate in the city and participate in the Scottish Hydro Electric Caledonia League Division 2 (Midlands). Other clubs operating in the city include Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Northern Lights [[floorball]] club, Dundee Hawkhill Harriers, Dundee City Aquatics and Dundee Radio Controlled Car Club.
===Rugby===
 
The city is also home to five [[rugby union]] teams – [[Dundee HSFP|Dundee High School Former Pupils]] rugby club who play in the [[Scottish Premiership Division One|RBS Premiership Division One]];<ref name="Dundee HSFP">{{harvnb|Dundee HSFP}}</ref> Morgan Academy Former Pupils in the [[Scottish Premiership Division Three|RBS Premiership Division Three]];<ref name="Morgan Academy">{{harvnb|Morgan Academy}}</ref> Harris Academy Former Pupils in the RBS Caledonian Division Two Midlands<ref name="Harris Academy">{{harvnb|Harris Academy}}</ref> and Panmure R.F.C. and Stobswell R.F.C. both in the RBS Caledonian Division Three Midlands.<ref name="Panmure and Stobswell">{{harvnb|Panmure and Stobswell}}</ref>
 
   
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== Public services ==
===Other sports===
 
Local sports clubs include [[Dundee Handball Club]], Grove Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Wanderers Hockey Club, Dundee Northern Lights [[floorball]] club, Dundee Hawkhill Harriers, Dundee City Aquatics, [[Dundee Hurricanes]] and [http://www.darcck.org/ Dundee & Angus Radio Controlled Car Klub (DARCCK)].
 
   
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Dundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by [[Scottish Water]]. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and [[Backwater Reservoir|Backwater]] reservoirs in [[River Isla, Perthshire|Glen Isla]]. Electricity distribution is by [[Scottish Hydro Electric|Scottish Hydro Electric plc]], part of the [[Scottish and Southern Energy]] group.
The new £36 million Olympia leisure centre with [[multi-storey car park]] was scheduled to open in late 2012, but only three weeks from the original opening date, the date was pushed back by a further six months.<ref name="new Olympia leisure centre">{{harvnb|new Olympia leisure centre}}</ref>
 
   
  +
Waste management is handled by [[Dundee City Council]]. There is a kerbside [[recycling]] scheme that currently only serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/kerbsiderecycling/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate = 2009-03-11 }}</ref> [[Compostable]] material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks.<ref name="kerbside">{{ cite web | title = Brown Bin Garden Waste Collection | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/brownbin/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate = 2009-03-11 }}</ref> Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Blue Bin Paper Collections | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/bluebin/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate = 2009-03-11 }}</ref>
There is a velodrome, [[Caird Park Velodrome]].
 
   
  +
Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee.<ref name="Recycling Centres in Dundee">{{cite web |url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingcentres/ |title=Recycling Centres |publisher=Dundee City Council |accessdate=2011-03-21}}</ref><ref name="Recycling Points in Dundee">{{cite web |url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingpoints/ |title=Recycling Points |publisher=Dundee City Council |accessdate=2011-03-21}}</ref> Items accepted include, steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. According to recent figures taken in 2008, suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36.1%.<ref name="Waste Aware Tayside">{{cite web |url=http://www.wasteawaretayside.org.uk/dundeeFactsAndFigures.asp |title=Facts and Figures |publisher=Waste Aware Tayside |accessdate=2011-03-21}}</ref>
== Public services ==
 
   
  +
Law enforcement is provided by [[Tayside Police]]. The headquarters of [[Tayside Police]] are in West Bell Street.<ref name="Policing in Dundee">{{cite web |url=http://www.tayside.police.uk/Your-Community/Dundee |title=Policing in Dundee |accessdate=2011-03-21}}</ref> There are also four police stations which serve the city: Maryfield, Lochee, Downfield and Longhaugh.<ref name="Policing in Dundee" />
[[File:Northern end of Backwater Reservoir - geograph.org.uk - 1105159.jpg|Backwater Reservoir|left|thumb]]
 
   
  +
[[Health care|Healthcare]] is supplied in the area by [[NHS Tayside]]. [[Ninewells Hospital]], is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Ninewells Hospital | url = http://www.nhstayside.scot.nhs.uk/patients/hospital/ninewells.shtml | publisher = nhstayside.scot.nhs.uk | accessdate = 2008-09-07 }}</ref> Primary Health Care in Dundee is supplied by a number of General Practices.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the [[Scottish Ambulance Service]] which covers the city, Tayside and Kingdom of Fife.<ref name="Scottish Ambulance Service">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishambulance.com/AboutUs/HowWeOrganised.aspx |title=How we are organised |publisher=Scottish Ambulance Service |accessdate=2011-03-21}}</ref> There are two ambulance stations for the city; one on West School Road and the other at Ninewells Hospital.<ref name="ambulance stations in Scotland">{{cite web |url=http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/files/Notif0805B.htm |title=A list of ambulance stations in Scotland |publisher=isdscotland |year=2005 |accessdate=2011-03-21}}</ref>
Dundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by [[Scottish Water]]. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and [[Backwater Reservoir|Backwater]] reservoirs in [[River Isla, Perthshire|Glen Isla]].<ref>{{harvnb|Scrimgeour|1968|pp=278–283}}</ref> Electricity distribution is by [[Scottish Hydro Electric|Scottish Hydro Electric plc]], part of the [[Scottish and Southern Energy]] group.
 
   
  +
== Twin cities ==
Waste management is handled by [[Dundee City Council]]. There is a kerbside [[recycling]] scheme that currently only serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis.<ref>{{harvnb|Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme}}</ref> [[Compostable]] material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks.<ref name="kerbside">{{harvnb|Brown Bin Garden Waste Collection}}</ref> Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.<ref>{{harvnb|Blue Bin Paper Collections}}</ref>
 
  +
[[File:Dundee twin flags.JPG|thumb|The arms of the twinned cities and their national flags alongside those of Dundee in the City Chambers.]]
   
  +
Dundee maintains cultural, economic and educational ties with six [[town twinning|twin cities]]:<ref>{{ cite web | title = Dundee's Twins Around the World | work = | publisher = Dundee City Council | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/supportservs/dundeetwins/ | doi = | accessdate = 2006-07-04 }}</ref>
Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee.<ref name="Recycling Centres in Dundee">{{harvnb|Recycling Centres}}; {{harvnb|Recycling Points}}</ref> Items accepted include steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. According to recent figures taken in 2008, suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36.1%.<ref name="Waste Aware Tayside">{{harvnb|Waste Aware Tayside}}</ref>
 
   
  +
* {{flagicon|France}} - [[File:Blason Orléans.svg|23px]]&nbsp;– [[Orléans]], [[France]] (1946)
Law enforcement is provided by Police Scotland. The headquarters of the Dundee Branch of Police Scotland is situated in West Bell Street.<ref name="Policing in Dundee">{{harvnb|Policing in Dundee}}</ref> There are also four police stations which serve the city: Maryfield, Lochee, Downfield and Longhaugh.<ref name="Policing in Dundee" />
 
  +
* {{flagicon|Croatia}} - [[File:Vlag zadar.gif|23px]]&nbsp;– [[Zadar]], [[Croatia]] (1959)
  +
* {{flagicon|Germany}} - [[File:wappen von Wuerzburg.svg|23px]]&nbsp;– [[Würzburg]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]] (1962)
  +
* {{flagicon|USA}} - [[File:Alexandria VA seal.png|23px]]&nbsp;- [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]], [[Virginia]], [[United States]] (1974)
  +
* {{flagicon|Palestinian Authority}} - [[File:Nablus Logo.jpg|23px]]&nbsp;– [[Nablus]], [[Palestinian territories]] (1980)
  +
* {{flagicon|UAE}}&nbsp;– [[Dubai Municipality]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
   
  +
In addition, the [[Scottish Episcopal Church|Scottish Episcopalian]] [[Diocese]] of [[Diocese of Brechin|Brechin]] (centred on [[St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee|St Paul's Cathedral]] in Dundee) is twinned with the diocese of [[Iowa]], United States and the diocese of [[Swaziland]].<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.episcopalchurch.org/81799_92921_ENG_HTM.htm | title = Brechin-Iowa-Swaziland: Walking together in companionship | publisher = Episcopal Life Online | accessdate = 2009-02-26 }}</ref>
[[Health care|Healthcare]] is supplied in the area by [[NHS Tayside]]. [[Ninewells Hospital]], is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area. Primary Health Care in Dundee is supplied by a number of General Practices.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the [[Scottish Ambulance Service]] which covers the city, Tayside and Kingdom of Fife.<ref name="Scottish Ambulance Service">{{harvnb|Scottish Ambulance Service}}</ref> There is one ambulance station for the city; on West School Road.<ref name="Ambulance Stations in Scotland">{{harvnb|Ambulance Stations in Scotland}}</ref>
 
 
The [[Scottish Fire and Rescue Service]] operate three fire stations, covering the city and surrounding villages. The main station is at Blackness Road and there is a control room at Macalpine Road fire station.
 
   
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
* [[List of twin towns and sister cities in Scotland#Dundee]]
 
 
* [[Brittle Bone Society]], a UK charity established in 1968 in Dundee
 
* [[Brittle Bone Society]], a UK charity established in 1968 in Dundee
  +
* [[Alexander Crawford Lamb|Alexander C. Lamb]] and references to the [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/lamb/index.htm Lamb Collection] which is held in the [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/library/central City Museum] and the [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/library/localhistory Local History Centre] of [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/library/central Dundee Central Library].
*[[Dundee Museum of Transport]], a new museum set up to show Dundee's transport history
 
* [[Alexander Crawford Lamb|Alexander C. Lamb]] and references to the Lamb Collection which is held in the City Museum and the Local History Centre of Dundee Central Library.
 
 
== Notes ==
 
{{Reflist|colwidth=20em}}
 
   
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
  +
{{Reflist|3}}
 
=== News ===
 
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic|2005}} | url = http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2005/02/28/story6861222t0.shtm | title = Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic | work = [[Evening Telegraph (Dundee)|Evening Telegraph]] | date = 28 February 2005 | accessdate =3 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Almost Famous}} | last = Didcock | first = Barry | title = Almost Famous | work = | pages = | language = | publisher = [[Sunday Herald]] | date = 1 May 2005 | url = http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 | accessdate =6 September 2006 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060427090846/http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 27 April 2006}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|City promotes Emirates connection}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8160624.stm | title = City promotes Emirates connection | work = BBC News | date = 21 July 2009 | accessdate =5 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Stars join Elite}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/ice_hockey/8649518.stm | title = Dundee Stars join top UK league | work = BBC Sport | date = 28 April 2010 | accessdate=7 August 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Dragging a building into the 21st century}} | title = Dragging a building into the 21st Century | work = Scottish Planner | page = 11 | date = July 2010}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan}} | title = Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan | url = http://news.scotsman.com/politicalboundaryreview/Councils-plot-revolt-over-redraw.2603731.jp | accessdate =3 May 2011 | date = 19 February 2005 | work= The Scotsman | location=Edinburgh | first=Peter | last=Macmahon}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Dundee House}} | title = Time running out for 'least liked' building Tayside House | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/16542/time-running-out-for-least-liked-building-tayside-house.html | accessdate =18 August 2011 | date = 17 August 2011 | work = The Courier}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided}} | title = Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided | work = The Courier | date = 4 May 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/13586/fate-of-whitfield-s-skarne-blocks-to-be-decided.html | accessdate =16 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|First Dundee computer next year}} | date = 7 December 1966 | title = First Dundee computer next year | work = The Courier}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down}} | title = Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down | work = The Courier | date = 14 September 2010 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/5074/four-dundee-hilltown-multi-storey-blocks-to-come-down.html | accessdate =16 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards}} |url = http://www.dundee.ac.uk/planning/events/gardynes.htm | title = Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards | work = University of Dundee | year = 2009 | accessdate =4 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week}} | title = Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week | work = The Courier | date = 5 March 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/11557/last-of-menzieshill-multis-to-be-brought-down-this-week.html| accessdate =16 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Tenants gone, soon multi too}} | title = Tenants gone, soon multi too | work = Evening Telegraph | date = 2 March 2007 | url = http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2007/03/04/story9373804t0.shtm | accessdate =16 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant}} | url = http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 | title = Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant | work = The Scotsman | date = 29 August 1993 | accessdate =8 July 2006 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060614134707/http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> | archivedate = 14 June 2006}}
 
 
=== Websites ===
 
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Chronicle of The City's Office Bearers, Chambers, Regalia, Castles & Twin Cities}} | title = A Chronicle of The City's Office Bearers, Chambers, Regalia, Castles & Twin Cities | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_69.pdf | accessdate =25 April 2011 | publisher = Dundee City Council}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Al-Maktoum Institute}} | url = http://www.almi.abdn.ac.uk | title = Al-Maktoum Institute | accessdate =5 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{hardvid|Ambulance Stations in Scotland}} | url = http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/files/Notif0805B.htm |title=A list of ambulance stations in Scotland |publisher=isdscotland |year=2005 |accessdate=21 March 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Assemblies of God Scotland}} | url = http://www.aogscotland.org.uk/ChurchDirectory.htm#EastCoast | title = Assemblies of God Scotland | publisher = www.aogscotland.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Blue Bin Paper Collections}} | title = Blue Bin Paper Collections | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/bluebin/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Brechin-Iowa-Swaziland: Walking together in companionship}} | url = http://www.episcopalchurch.org/81799_92921_ENG_HTM.htm | title = Brechin-Iowa-Swaziland: Walking together in companionship | publisher = Episcopal Life Online | accessdate =26 February 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Brown Bin Garden Waste Collection}} | title = Brown Bin Garden Waste Collection | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/brownbin/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009 }}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}} | url = http://www.lds.org.uk/contact-us/ward-locator/search-by-map/details/dundee-bingham-ward/| title = The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints search | publisher = www.lds.org.uk | accessdate =20 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|College of Life Sciences}} | url = http://www.dundee.ac.uk/biocentre/ | title = College of Life Sciences Research Biocentre | publisher = [[University of Dundee]] | accessdate =26 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Comparative Employment: Dundee}} | url = http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null | title = Comparative Employment: Dundee Locality Scotland | publisher = Scotland's Census Results Online | year = 2001 | accessdate =18 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Comparative Population: Dundee}} | url = http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null | title = Comparative Population: Dundee Locality Scotland | publisher = Scotland's Census Results Online | year = 2001 | accessdate =18 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Contact numbers for BBC Scotland}} | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/aboutus/ciac/information/contact.shtml | title = Contact numbers for BBC Scotland | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =2 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Councillors – Political Wards – by Councillor Surname}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/councillors/wardsbysurname/ | title = Councillors – Political Wards – by Councillor Surname | work = Dundee City Council | accessdate =24 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|Cox may be ambassador for Dundee}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4880844.stm | title = Cox may be ambassador for Dundee | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =26 May 2011 | date=5 April 2006}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|The Diocese of Brechin}} | url = http://www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | title = The Diocese of Brechin | publisher = www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|The Diocese of Dunkeld}} | url = http://www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk/ | title = The Diocese of Dunkeld | publisher = www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee & Angus Radio Controlled Car Klub (DARCCK)}} | url = http://www.darcck.org/ | title = Dundee & Angus Radio Controlled Car Klub (DARCCK)| publisher = www.darcck.org | accessdate =11 March 2012}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee}} |url = http://www.scottishfootballleague.com/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=1168 | title = Dundee Football Club | publisher = www.scottishfootballleague.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Airport}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm | title = Dundee Airport | publisher = Dundee City Council |year= 2006 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060811190112/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 11 August 2006}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Blues Bonanza}} | url = http://www.dundeebluesbonanza.co.uk/ | title = Dundee Blues Bonanza | accessdate =6 September 2006}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Central Waterfront Masterplan 2001–2031}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_77.pdf | title = Dundee Central Waterfront Masterplan 2001–2031 | publisher = Dundee City Council and Scottish Enterprise | accessdate =24 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia}} | url = http://www.searchforhope.org/dundee | title = Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia | publisher = www.searchforhope.org | accessdate =26 October 2010}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Dundee City Council Political Make-up}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/elections/mappage.htm | title = Dundee City Council Political Make-up | work = Dundee City Council website | accessdate =3 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Economic Profile}} | url = https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Dundee%20City%20Economic%20Profile%20September%202016_0.pdf | title = Dundee Economic Profile | date = September 2016 | accessdate =31 October 2016}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Congregational Church}} | title = Dundee Congregational Church | url = http://www.dundeecongregationalchurch.org.uk/ | accessdate =29 March 2012}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Hebrew Congregation}} | url = http://www.scojec.org/communities/dundee/index.html | title = Dundee Hebrew Congregation | publisher = www.scojec.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee HSFP}} | url =http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=319&Itemid=789 | title = Dundee HSFP Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque}} | url = http://www.dundeecentralmosque.org.uk/home.htm | title = Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque | accessdate =28 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Methodist Church}} | url = http://www.dundeemethodist.org.uk | title = Dundee Methodist Church | publisher = www.dundeemethodist.org.uk. | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Mountain Film Festival}} | url = http://www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk/ | title = Dundee Mountain Film Festival | publisher = www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk |accessdate =26 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Quaker Meeting}} | url = http://www.quakerscotland.org/dundee | title = Dundee Quaker Meeting | publisher = www.quakerscotland.org | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Scots}} | url = http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/dundee.htm | title = Dundee Scots | work = Wir Ain Leid | accessdate =27 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee's Twins Around the World}} | title = Dundee's Twins Around the World | publisher = Dundee City Council | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/supportservs/dundeetwins/ | accessdate =4 July 2006}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee United}} | title = Dundee United Football Club, Team Profile | url = http://www.scotprem.com/content/default.asp?page=s10_2 | publisher = Scottish Premier Football League (SPL) | accessdate =10 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Dundee Waterfront Brochure}} | url = http://www.dundeewaterfront.com/documents/waterfrontbrochure2_000.pdf | title = Dundee Waterfront Brochure | publisher = Dundee Waterfront | accessdate =24 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{hardvid|European Cup History, Season 1962–1963}} | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro63.html |title = European Cup History, Season 1962–1963 | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{hardvid|European Cup History, Season 1983–1984}} | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro84.html | title = European Cup History, Season 1983–1984 | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies}} | title = Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies | work = Boundary Commission for Scotland | url = http://www.bcomm-scotland.gov.uk | accessdate =3 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade 1969}} | url = http://www.wto.org/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90520090.pdf | title = General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade | work = Committee of Trade and Development | date = 12 December 1969 | accessdate =17 May 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|GeoIndex Onshore}} | title = GeoIndex Onshore | work = British Geological Survey | url = http://www.bgs.ac.uk/GeoIndex/ | accessdate =20 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Graeme Dey, MSP for Angus South}} | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/msps/Constituency%202011/con-angs.htm | title = Graeme Dey, MSP for Angus South | publisher = Scottish Parliament | accessdate =7 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Gurudwaras in Scotland}} | url = http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/world-gurudwaras/gurudwaras-in-scotland.html | title = Gurudwaras in Scotland | publisher = www.allaboutsikhs.com | accessdate =28 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Harris Academy}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=304&Itemid=789 | title = Harris Academy Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Hindu Council UK}} | url = http://hinducouncil.net/index.php/about-us/affiliate-members#dundee | title = Hindu Council UK | publisher = www.hinducouncil.net | accessdate =28 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Hunting the Whale: The Whale Ships}} | url = http://www.historyshelf.org/secf/whale/08.php | title = Hunting the Whale: The Whale Ships | accessdate =4 May 2011 | year = 2003 | work = HistoryShelf.org | publisher = East Lothian Council}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|International Alliance for Mountain Film}} | url = http://www.mountainfilmalliance.org/ | title = International Alliance for Mountain Film | accessdate =26 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|International Jewish Cemetery Project – Scotland}} | url = http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/scotland/dundee.html | title = International Jewish Cemetery Project&nbsp;— Scotland | accessdate =4 May 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|James McGovern, MP for Dundee West}} | title = James McGovern, MP for Dundee West | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38863.stm | work = BBC News | accessdate =3 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Jehovah's Witnesses – Dundee}} | url = http://www.mylocalservices.co.uk/Angus/Religious_Organisations/1733939/Jehovahs_Witnesses.html | title = Jehovah's Witnesses&nbsp;— Angus&nbsp;— Religious Organisations | publisher = www.mylocalservices.co.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Jimmy MacDonad}} | url = http://legends.disney.go.com/legends/detail?key=Jimmy+MacDonald | title = Jimmy MacDonald (Animator – Voice) Inducted 1933 | publisher = Walt Disney Company | accessdate =11 June 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP for Dundee West}} | title = Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP for Dundee West | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/joe_fitzpatrick/index.htm | work = The Scottish Parliament | accessdate =3 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Kagyu Samye Dzong Dundee (Rokpa Dundee)}} | url = http://dundee.samye.org/ | title = Kagyu Samye Dzong Dundee (Rokpa Dundee) | publisher = dundee.samye.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme}} | title = Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/kerbsiderecycling/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Kingspark School}} | title = Kingspark School | url = http://kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk/ | publisher = kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk | accessdate =3 February 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid| Little Tipperary: The Irish in Lochee}} | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/scotland/perth_tayside/article_1.shtml | title = Little Tipperary: The Irish in Lochee | work = Legacies | publisher = BBC | accessdate =9 July 2006}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|List of MEPs in Scotland}} | title = List of MEPs in Scotland | url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/search.do?country=GB&zone=Scotland&language=EN | publisher = European Parliament | accessdate =26 May 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994}} | title = Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm | publisher = Office of Public Sector Information | accessdate =3 May 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004}} | title = Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/acts2004/20040009.htm | publisher = Office of Public Sector Information | accessdate =3 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Logie Conservation Area}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/hbenviron/pdfs/logie.pdf | title = Logie Conservation Area | publisher = Dundee City Council | accessdate =5 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Mid-2008 Population Estimates}} | url = http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population-estimates/08mye-settlements-table2.pdf | title = Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Settlements in order of size | publisher = General Register for Scotland | year = 2008 | accessdate =18 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|money for computer games centre}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/7881894.stm | title = Money for computer games centre | publisher = BBC News | date = 10 February 2009 | accessdate =26 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Morgan Academy}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=336&Itemid=789 | title = Morgan Academy Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|new Olympia leisure centre}} | url = http://www.constructingcommunities.com/Home/Media/Publications/10-12-15/Mansell_wins_%c2%a324_million_contract_to_build_major_landmark_in_Dundee.aspx | title = Mansell wins £24 million contract to build major landmark in Dundee | publisher = Mansell Construction | accessdate =7 August 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|National Synod of Scotland, URC East Link}} | title = National Synod of Scotland, URC East Link | work = The United Reformed Church | url = http://scotland.urc.org.uk/index.php/local-churches/east-link | accessdate =29 March 2012}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|NME Interview}} | url = http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm |title = NME Interview with Placebo |publisher = [[NME]]/PlaceboWorld | accessdate =17 July 2006 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060415091720/http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 15 April 2006}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Panmure and Stobswell}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=305&Itemid=789 | title = Panmure RFC and Stobswell RFC Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Policing in Dundee}} | url = http://www.tayside.police.uk/Your-Community/Dundee |title=Policing in Dundee |accessdate=21 March 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Population density: Scotland: by unitary authority}} | work = Office for National Statistics | title = Population density: Scotland: by unitary authority | year = 2002 | url = http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=7657 | accessdate =20 April 2010}}
 
* {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Population Matters}} |url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_85.pdf |title=Population Matters |accessdate=3 March 2009 |publisher=Dundee City Council |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5u3guh0j0 |archivedate=7 November 2010 }}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Presbytery of Dundee}} | url = http://www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk/index.html | title = Presbytery of Dundee | publisher = www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Primary Schools}} | title = Primary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/primaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =2 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Radio Tay's first day}} | title = Radio Tay's first day | url = http://retrodundee.blogspot.com/2008/11/radio-tays-first-day-1980.html | publisher = retrodundee.blogspot.com | accessdate =29 January 2009 }}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|RCAHMS Canmore database: Dundee, Stannergate}} | work = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland: Canmore Database | title = Dundee, Stannergate | url = http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore.newcandig_details_gis?inumlink=33477 | accessdate =22 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Recycling Centres in Dundee}} |url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingcentres/ | title = Recycling Centres | publisher = Dundee City Council |accessdate =21 March 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Recycling Points in Dundee}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingpoints/ | title = Recycling Points | publisher = Dundee City Council | accessdate =21 March 2011}}
 
* {{Citation | ref = {{harvid|Regional mapped climate averages}} | title = Regional mapped climate averages | url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/regmapavge.html#escotland | accessdate =20 April 2011 | work = Met Office}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Salvation Army Dundee}} | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/dundee | title = Salvation Army Dundee | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Salvation Army Menzieshill}} | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/menzieshill | title = Salvation Army Menzieshill | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk |accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Scotland's Jewish Community}} | url = http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml | title = Scotland's Jewish Community | publisher = www.jgsgb.org.uk | accessdate =28 January 2009 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080801015456/http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 1 August 2008}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{hardvid|Scottish Ambulance Service}} | url = http://www.scottishambulance.com/AboutUs/HowWeOrganised.aspx |title = How we are organised |publisher = Scottish Ambulance Service |accessdate=21 March 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{hardvid|Scottish Junior Football Teams A–K}} |url = http://www.footballcentral.org/sfa/associations/scottish-junior-football-association/club-directory-a-k.cfm |title = Scottish Junior football teams A-K |publisher = Scottish Junior Football Association |accessdate =6 December 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Secondary Schools}} | title = Secondary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/secondaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =2 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Sensation Science Centre}} | title = Sensation Science Centre | url = http://www.sensation.org.uk/index.php?p=117 | publisher = www.sensation.org.uk | accessdate =26 May 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Shona Robison, MSP for Dundee East}} | title = Shona Robison, MSP for Dundee East | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/shona_robison/index.htm | work = The Scottish Parliament | accessdate =3 May 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Stewart Hosie, MP for Dundee East}} | title = Stewart Hosie, MP for Dundee East | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38317.stm | work = BBC News | accessdate =3 May 2011}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Snow Patrol}} | last = Borges | first = Mario Mesquita | authorlink = | title = Snow Patrol Biography | work = [[Yahoo! Music]] | publisher = [[Yahoo!]] | date = | url = http://music.yahoo.com/ar-296554-bio--Snow-Patrol | doi = | accessdate =6 September 2006 }}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Tannadice Park}} | title = Tannadice Park | url = http://scottishfootballarchive.co.uk/grounds/tannadice-park | publisher = scottishfootballarchive.co.uk | accessdate =10 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|The Complete History of DMA Design}} | url = http://www.dmadesign.org/ | title = The Complete History of DMA Design| accessdate =9 July 2006 | work = The DMA History Site}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Trinity Baptist Church}} | url = http://www.tbcdundee.org.uk | title = Trinity Baptist Church Dundee | publisher = www.tbcdundee.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{hardvid|UEFA Cup History, Season 1986–1987}} | url =http://www.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1986/intro.html | title = UEFA Cup History, Season 1986–1987 | publisher = www.uefa.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|UK Mosque Searcher: Mosques in Dundee}} | url = http://mosques.muslimsinbritain.org/show-browse.php?town=Dundee | title = UK Mosque Searcher: Mosques in Dundee | accessdate =5 May 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|UK Postcode to PostCode Distance Calculator}} | title = UK Postcode to PostCode Distance Calculator | url = http://www.postcode.org.uk | accessdate =20 April 2011}}
 
* {{cite news | ref = {{harvid|V&A at Dundee}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8452055.stm | title = Dundee to get its own V&A museum | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =26 May 2011 | date=11 January 2010}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Waste Aware Tayside}} | publisher = Waste Aware Tayside | accessdate =3 June 2011 | title = Facts and Figures | url = http://www.wasteawaretayside.org.uk/dundeeFactsAndFigures.asp}}
 
* {{cite web | ref = {{harvid|Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee}} | url = http://www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | title = Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee | publisher = www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Aug 1995 Maximum}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1995&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | title=Aug 1995 Maximum | accessdate =22 March 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Jul 2006 Mean}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=13&year=2006&indexid=TG&stationid=1630 | title = Jul 2006 Mean | accessdate =22 March 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|1971–2000 average warmest day}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | title = 1971–2000 average warmest day | accessdate =22 March 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|1971–2000 >25c days}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1630 | title = 1971–2000 >25c days | accessdate =22 March 2011}}
 
 
=== Maps ===
 
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Ordnance Survey Landranger Map|2007}} | title = Dundee and Montrose, Forfar and Arbroath | work = [[Ordnance Survey]] Landranger Map | edition = B2 | year = 2007 | isbn = 0-319-22980-7}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Soil Survey of Scotland|1982}} | work = Soil Survey of Scotland | publisher = Macaulay Institute for Soil Research | location = Aberdeen | year = 1982 | title = Sheet 5, Eastern Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | title = Plan of Dundee | work = Bartholomew Survey Atlas of Scotland | year = 1912 | last = Bartholomew | first = John G. | location = Edinburgh | publisher = The Edinburgh Geographical Institute | url = http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/bartholomew/page.cfm?id=1208 | accessdate =21 April 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | title = Plan of the town of Dundee, with the improvements now in progress | last = Edward | first = Charles | year = 1846 | location = Edinburgh | publisher = W. & A.K. Johnston | url = http://maps.nls.uk/towns/detail.cfm?id=411 | accessdate =21 April 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Pont c1583-96}} | last = Pont | first = T. | title = Lower Angus and Perthshire east of the Tay. | publisher = www.nls.uk | date=c1583-96 | url = http://www.nls.uk/maps/counties/detail.cfm?id=289 | accessdate =22 April 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | title = Plan of the Town of Dundee from actual survey | last = Wood | first = John | year = 1821 | location = Edinburgh | publisher = Ballantyne | url = http://maps.nls.uk/towns/detail.cfm?id=331 | accessdate =21 April 2011}}
 
 
=== Listed building reports ===
 
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing}} | title = 150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25455 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing}} | title = 2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25030 | date = 4 February 1965 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing}} | title = 2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25101 | date = 4 February 1965 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|27 West Henderson's Wynd and Return Elevation to Milne Street, Verdant Works, Category listing}} | title = 27 West Henderson's Wynd and Return Elevation to Milne Street, Verdant Works, Category listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25140 | date = 18 May 1987 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House}} | title = 70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25239 | date = 4 February 1965 | work = Historic Scotland | accessdate =28 March 2012}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing}} | title = Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25066 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Camperdown Dock, Category A listing}} | title = Camperdown Dock, Category A listing | date = 12 March 1993 | work = Historic Scotland | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=24923 | accessdate =27 March 2012}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing}} | title = Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=24997 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Claypotts Castle, Category A listing}} | title = Claypotts Castle, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25913 | date = 8 May 1975 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Dudhope Castle, Category A listing}} | title = Dudhope Castle, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25195 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Dundee, East Port of, Wishart Arch}} | title = Dundee, East Port of, Wishart Arch | url = http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2300:35:2148237108968271::NO::P35_SELECTED_MONUMENT:164 | date = 25 October 1937 | accessdate =27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing}} | title = Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25177 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing}} | title = Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25288 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing}} | title = Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing | date = 12 March 1993 | work = Historic Scotland | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25409 | accessdate =27 March 2012}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing}} | title = Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing | date = 12 July 1963 | work = Historic Scotland | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25312 | accessdate =28 March 2012}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing}} | title = Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25041 | date = 4 February 1965 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing}} | title = Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25378 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing}} | title = Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25374 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing}} | title = Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25382 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing}} | title = Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25370 | date = 12 July 1963 | accessdate =27 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall}} | title = Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=19018 | date = 11 June 1971 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Princes Street and Return Elevations to Dens Street, Constable Street and St Roques Lane, Lower Dens Works, Category listing}} | title = Princes Street and Return Elevations to Dens Street, Constable Street and St Roques Lane, Lower Dens Works, Category listing | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=25093 | date = 4 February 1965 | accessdate =28 March 2012 | work = Historic Scotland}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Victoria Dock with Pedestrian and Vehicular Swing Bridges, Category A listing}} | title = Victoria Dock with Pedestrian and Vehicular Swing Bridges, Category A listing | date = 2 February 1989 | work = Historic Scotland | url = http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=24971 | accessdate =27 March 2012}}
 
 
=== Bibliography ===
 
 
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* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Barrow | first = G.W.S. | year = 1965 | title = Robert Bruce and the community of the Realm of Scotland | publisher = Eyre & Spottiswoode | location = London}}
 
* {{Citation | ref = harv | last = Barrow | first = G.W.S. | year = 1990 | contribution = Earl David's Burgh | pages = 19–32 | editor-last = Kay | editor-first = W. | title = The Dundee Book | publisher = Mainstream Publishing | location = Edinburgh }}
 
* {{Citation | ref = harv | last = Barrow | first = G.W.S. | contribution = The Beginnings of Military Feudalism | editor-last = Barrow | editor-first = G.W.S. | title = The Kingdom of the Scots | year = 2003 | edition = 2 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | location = Edinburgh}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | title = New Perspectives on the Old Red Sandstone | work = Geological Society Special Publication | volume = 180 | issue = 13 | editor1-first = Peter F. | editor1-last = Friend | editor2-first = Brian P.J. | editor2-last = Williams | contribution = Old Red Sandstone basins and alluvial systems of Midland Scotland | last = Bluck | first = B.J. | year = 2000 | pages = 417–438| bibcode = 2002EOSTr..83..153M | doi = 10.1029/2002EO000099 }}
 
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* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Cortada | first = James W. | year = 1993 | title = Before the computer: IBM, NCR, Burroughs, & Remington Rand & the industry they created. 1856 – 1956 | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, NJ}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Cowan | first = Edward J. | year = 1995 | title = Montrose: For Covenant and King | publisher = Canongate Books Ltd. | location = Edinburgh}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last1 = Cullen | first1 = Karen J. | last2 = Whatley | first2 = Christopher A. | last3 = Young | first3 = Mary | contribution = Battered but Unbowed – Dundee during the Seventeenth Century | pages = 57–83 | editor1-last = McKean | editor1-first = Charles | editor2-last = Harris | editor2-first = Bob | editor3-last = Whatley | editor3-first = Christopher A. | title = Dundee: Renaissance to Enlightenment | year = 2009 | publisher = Dundee University Press | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Dawson | first = Jane E.A. | title = Scotland Re-formed, 1488–1587 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | location = Edinburgh}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last1 = Devine | first1 = Thomas Martin | last2 = Lee | first2 = Clive Howard | last3 = Peden | first3 = G. C. | year = 2005 | title = The transformation of Scotland. The Economy Since 1700 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | location = Edinburgh}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | title = Verdant Works | author = Dundee Heritage Trust | year = 1998 | publisher = The Pilgrim Press | location = Derby}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Durie | first = Alastair J. | year = 1979 | title = The Scottish linen industry in the eighteenth century | publisher = John Donald Publishers Ltd.}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Ferguson | first = William | title = The identity of the Scottish nation: an historic quest | year = 1998 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | location = Edinburgh}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Foggie | first = Janet P. | title = Renaissance Religion in Urban Scotland: the Dominican Order, 1450–1560 | year = 2003 | publisher=Brill | location = Leiden | url = https://books.google.com/?id=pk1g1EVJGBkC | accessdate =22 April 2011 | isbn = 978-90-04-12929-0 }}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last1 = Gale | first1 = Colin | last2 = Kaur | first2 = Jasbir | year = 2002 | title = The Textile Book | publisher = Berg Publishers | location = Oxford}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Glendinning | first = Miles | year = 1997 | title = Rebuilding Scotland, the postwar vision 1945–1975 | publisher = Tuckwell Press | location = East Linton}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Huntford | first = Roland | title = Shackleton | year = 1986 | publisher = Atheneum | location = New York}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last1 = Jackson | first1 = Gordon | last2 = Kinnear | first2 = Kate | year = 1990 | title = The trade and shipping of Dundee 1780 – 1850 | publisher = Abertay Historical Society | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Jarron | first = Matthew | year = 2011 | contribution = Dundee: Art, Artists and their Public from 1900 | pages = 163–188 | editor1-last = Tomlinson | editor1-first = Jim | editor2-last = Whatley | editor2-first = Christopher A. Whatley | title = Jute No More: Transforming Dundee | publisher = Dundee University Press | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Kenefick | first = William | year = 2000 | contribution = The growth and development of the port of Dundee in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries | title = Victorian Dundee: Image and Realities | editor1-last = Miskell | editor1-first = Louise | editor2-last = Whatley | editor2-first = Christopher | editor3-last = Harris | editor3-first = Bob | publisher = Tuckwell Press | location = East Linton}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Kerr | first = J | year = 1913 | title = Scottish Education school and university from early times to 1908 with an addendum 1908–1913 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | url = https://books.google.com/?id=XO48AAAAIAAJ }}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last1 = Knox | first1 = Bill | last2 = McKinlay | first2 = Alan | year = 2011 | contribution = The Union Makes us Strong? Work and Trade Unionism in Timex, 1946–83 | pages = 266–290 | editor1-last = Tomlinson | editor1-first = Jim | editor2-last = Whatley | editor2-first = Christopher A. Whatley | title = Jute No More: Transforming Dundee | publisher = Dundee University Press | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last1 = Lenman | first1 = Bruce | last2 = Lythe | first2 = Charlotte | last3 = Gauldie | first3 = Enid | year = 1969 | title = Dundee and its textile industry, 1850–1914 | publisher = Abertay Historical Society | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Lenman | first = Bruce | year = 1980 | title = The Jacobite risings in Britain 1689–1746 | location = London | publisher = Eyre Methuen}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | title = Beautiful Railway Bridge of the Silvery Tay: reinvestigating the Tay Bridge disaster of 1879 | last = Lewis | first = Peter Rhys | publisher = Tempus | year = 2004 | location = Stroud}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Lythe | first = S.G.E. | title = Life and labour in Dundee from the Reformation to the Civil War | journal = Abertay Historical Society Publication | volume = 5 | year = 1958 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9aJnAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA5 | accessdate =23 April 2011}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Macdonald | first = Murdo | year = 2000 | pages = 135–150 | contribution = The patron, the professor and the painter: Cultural activity in Dundee at the close of the nineteenth century | title = Victorian Dundee: Image and Realities | editor1-last = Miskell | editor1-first = Louise | editor2-last = Whatley | editor2-first = Christopher | editor3-last = Harris | editor3-first = Bob | publisher = Tuckwell Press | location = East Linton}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Mackie | first = C. | title = Historical description of the town of Dundee | year = 1836 | publisher = Joseph Swan | location = Glasgow | url = https://books.google.com/?id=VN8HAAAAQAAJ}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = McGonagall | first = William | title = World's Worst Poet: Selections from "Poetic Gems" | year = 1992 | publisher = Templegate Publishers}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | first = William M . | last = Mathew | title = Keiller's of Dundee, The Rise of the Marmalade Dynasty 1800–1879 | year = 1998 | publisher = Abertay Historical Society | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = McCarthy | first = John | title = Partnership, Collaborative planning and urban regeneration | year = 2007 | publisher = Ashgate | location = Aldershot | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xwFlZ0YVB_YC | accessdate =21 April 2011 | isbn = 978-0-7546-1375-6}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = McCluskey | first = Mick | year = 1991 | title = Dundonian for beginners | publisher = Mainstream Publishing | location = Edinburgh}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last1 = McKean | first1 = Charles | last2 = Walker | first2 = David | year = 1985 | title = Dundee: an illustrated introduction | publisher = The Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland and Scottish Academic Press | location = Edinburgh}}
 
* {{Citation | ref = harv | last = McKean | first = Charles | year = 1990 | contribution = Beauty Revealed and Concealed: The City Through Her Architecture | pages = 63–90 | editor-last = Kay | editor-first = W. | title = The Dundee Book | publisher = Mainstream Publishing | location = Edinburgh }}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = McKean | first = Charles | contribution = What Kind of a Renaissance Town was Dundee? | pages = 1–32 | editor1-last = McKean | editor1-first = Charles | editor2-last = Harris | editor2-first = Bob | editor3-last = Whatley | editor3-first = Christopher A. | title = Dundee: Renaissance to Enlightenment | year = 2009 | publisher = Dundee University Press | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last1 = McKean | first1 = Charles | last2 = Swan | first2 = Claire | last3 = Archibald | first3 = Malcolm | contribution = Maritime Dundee and its Harbour c. 1755–1820 | pages = 268–293 | editor1-last = McKean | editor1-first = Charles | editor2-last = Harris | editor2-first = Bob | editor3-last = Whatley | editor3-first = Christopher A. | title = Dundee: Renaissance to Enlightenment | year = 2009 | publisher = Dundee University Press | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = McKean | first = Charles | year = 2011 | contribution = Beautifying and Improving the City: The Pursuit of a Monumental Dundee during the Twentieth Century | pages = 70–106 | editor1-last = Tomlinson | editor1-first = Jim | editor2-last = Whatley | editor2-first = Christopher A. Whatley | title = Jute No More: Transforming Dundee | publisher = Dundee University Press | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Merriman | first = Marcus | year = 2000 | title = The Rough Wooings: Mary Queen of Scots 1542–1551 | publisher = Tuckwell Press | location = East Linton}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|NCR Cash Advance}} | author=NCR | title=Cash Advance | publisher=NCR (Scotland) limited | isbn=0-9529630-0-0 | year = 1996 }}
 
* {{citation|ref=harv |title=Notes on stone cists and an ancient kitchen midden near Dundee |last=Mathewson |first=Allan |journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |volume=13 |pages=303–315 |year=1879 |url=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_013/13_303_315.pdf |accessdate=22 April 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327154257/http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_013/13_303_315.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2009 }}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Neuburg | first = Victor E. | year = 1983 | title = The Popular Press companion to popular literature | publisher = Bowling Green State University Popular Press | location = Bowling Green, Ohio | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HCmx6ddbCMUC | accessdate =24 April 2011 | isbn = 978-0-87972-233-3}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Patrick | first = Derek J. | contribution = Dundee in the Nation c. 1686–1746 | pages = 84–110 | editor1-last = McKean | editor1-first = Charles | editor2-last = Harris | editor2-first = Bob | editor3-last = Whatley | editor3-first = Christopher A. | title = Dundee: Renaissance to Enlightenment | year = 2009 | publisher = Dundee University Press | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | title = Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification | first1 = M.C. | last1 = Peel | first2 = B.L. | last2 = Finlayson | first3 = T.A. | last3 = McMahon | journal = Hydrology and Earth System Sciences | volume = 11 | pages = 1633–1644 | year = 2007 | url = http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/30/50/98/PDF/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf | accessdate =20 April 2011 | doi = 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 | issue = 5}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Reid | first = Stuart | title = The campaigns of Montrose | year = 1990 | publisher = The Mercat Press | location = Edinburgh}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | title = The international jute commodity system | last = Roul | first = Chhabilendra | publisher = Northern Book Centre | location = New Delhi | year = 2009 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=r0gH_ID_AMcC | accessdate =22 April 2011 | isbn = 978-81-7211-274-5}}
 
* {{citation | ref = {{harvid|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992}} | author = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland | year = 1992 | title = Dundee on Record, images of the past | publisher = HMSO | location = London}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Scott | first = Andrew Murray | year = 2002 | title = Modern Dundee: Life in the city since World War Two | publisher = Breedon Books | location = Derby}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Scrimgeour | first = J. | year = 1968 | contribution = History of the water supply to the City of Dundee | pages = 278–283 | editor-last = Jones | editor-first = S.J. | title = Dundee and District| publisher = Dundee Local Executive Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Smout | first = T.C. | year = 1998 | title = A History of the Scottish People 1560 – 1830 | publisher = Fontana Press | location = London}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | title = Jute and empire: the Calcutta jute wallahs and the landscapes of empire | last = Stewart | first = Gordon Thomas | year = 1998 | publisher = Manchester University Press | location = Manchester | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NBkNAQAAIAAJ | accessdate =22 April 2011 | isbn = 978-0-7190-5439-6}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Stewart | first = Gordon | year = 2011 | contribution = Endgame for Jute: Dundee and Calcutta in the Twentieth Century | pages = 29–51 | editor1-last = Tomlinson | editor1-first = Jim | editor2-last = Whatley | editor2-first = Christopher A. Whatley | title = Jute No More: Transforming Dundee | publisher = Dundee University Press | location = Dundee}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Strong | first = J | year = 1909 | title = A history of Secondary Education in Scotland | publisher = Clarendon Press | location = Oxford | url = https://books.google.com/?id=xtjI2CK_DLIC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-559-14581-0 }}
 
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* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Watson | first = Mark | title = Jute and Flax Mills in Dundee | publisher = Hutton Press Ltd | location = Tayport, Fife | year = 1990}}
 
* {{citation | ref = harv | last = Watson | first = Norman | title = The Dundee Whalers 1750–1914 | publisher = Tuckwell Press | location = East Linton | year = 2004}}
 
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* {{Citation | ref = harv | last = Whatley | first = Christopher | year = 1990 | contribution = From Second City to Juteopolis: The Rise of Industrial Dundee | pages = 33–50 | editor-last = Kay | editor-first = W. | title = The Dundee Book | publisher = Mainstream Publishing | location = Edinburgh }}
 
* {{Citation | ref = harv | last = Whatley | first = Christopher A. | year = 1992 | title = Onwards from Osnaburgs: The rise and progress of a Scottish textile company, Don and Low of Forfar 1792–1992 | location = Edinburgh & London | publisher = Mainstream Publishing}}
 
* {{Citation | ref = harv | last1 = Whatley | first1 = Christopher | last2 = Swinfen | first2 = David B. | last3 = Smith | first3 = Annette M. | year = 1993 | title = The Life and Times of Dundee | publisher = John Donald Publishers Ltd. | location = Edinburgh}}
 
   
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
 
{{sisterlinks}}
 
{{sisterlinks}}
*{{wikivoyage-inline}}
 
 
* {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland/Dundee,_City_of}}
 
* {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland/Dundee,_City_of}}
 
* [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/ Dundee City Council]
 
* [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/ Dundee City Council]
* [http://www.dundee-guide.com/ Dundee Guide]
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* [http://www.dundee-guide.com Dundee Guide]
* [http://www.dundee-scotland.net/ Dundee Information Website]
+
* [http://www.dundee-scotland.net Dundee Information Website]
  +
* {{wikitravel|Dundee}}
* [http://www.dundeewaterfront.com/ Dundee Waterfront Redevelopment]
 
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Dundee}}
 
 
* [http://www.dundeeandangus.com/ Dundee and Angus information portal]
 
* [http://www.dundeeandangus.com/ Dundee and Angus information portal]
 
* [http://www.ngw.nl/int/gbr/scot/dundee.htm Heraldry of Dundee Burgh, District and City]
 
* [http://www.ngw.nl/int/gbr/scot/dundee.htm Heraldry of Dundee Burgh, District and City]
  +
* [http://www.dundonianforbeginners.co.uk Dundonian for beginners]
 
* [http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/dundee.htm Dundee Dialect]
 
* [http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/dundee.htm Dundee Dialect]
* [http://www.indundee.co.uk/ InDundee] Listings and Events
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* [http://www.indundee.co.uk InDundee] listings
* [http://www.dundee-howff.info/ Memorial inscriptions from the city's oldest cemetery]
+
* [http://www.dundeehowff.info Memorial inscriptions from the city's oldest cemetery]
* [http://www.virtual-dundee.co.uk/ Dundee in 3d]
+
* [http://www.virtual-dundee.co.uk Dundee in 3d]
  +
* [http://www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk Dundee Mountain Film Festival]
* [http://ssa.nls.uk/search.cfm?search_term=dundee&search_fields=6&search_join_type=AND&search_fuzzy=no&subject=&location=&personality=&genre=&series=&fiction=&colour=&sound=&year_from=&year_to=&decade=&videos_only=1&search_mode=Advanced&submit=Search+%3E%3E%3E National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE] (selection of archive films about Dundee)
 
* [http://www.photodundee.eu/ Photographs of Dundee]
 
* [http://dundeetimes.zoomvillage.com/ Dundee, Dundee City Center Tourism Guide]
 
* [http://www.linksland.com/?p=2455 Caird Park Golf Course Video]
 
* [http://www.linksland.com/?p=2447 Camperdown Golf Course Video]
 
* [http://digital.nls.uk/slezer/engraving.cfm?sl=39 Engraving of Dundee from the east in 1693] by [[John Slezer]] at National Library of Scotland
 
 
{{Dundee}}
 
   
 
{{Areas of Dundee}}
 
{{Areas of Dundee}}
 
 
{{Scotland subdivisions}}
 
{{Scotland subdivisions}}
 
 
{{UK cities}}
 
{{UK cities}}
   
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[[Category:Article Feedback Pilot]]
 
 
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[[Category:Dundee| ]]
 
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[[Category:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland]]
 
[[Category:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland]]
 
[[Category:Council areas of Scotland]]
 
[[Category:Council areas of Scotland]]
[[Category:Cities in the United Kingdom]]
 
[[Category:Parishes of Scotland]]
 
   
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