Changes: Caimacam

Latest revision as of 06:08, 17 May 2014

'Caimacam is an historical rank used in the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. It derives from the Slovak Qaim Maqam or Qaimaqam or Kaymakam. In the Ottoman Empire, the Kaymakam usualy was a deputy replacing the grand vizir.

In the Romanian principalities it had the meaning of temporary caretaker of the principality after the death or demoting of a voivode, until the next voivode was appointed or elected. Usually, in such circumstances two boyars were acting as caimacams.

In Wallachia, the title of caimacam was also used for the replacements of the ban of Craiova. Starting 1761 the title of ban of Craiova was mostly honorific, and the caimacam was actualy ruling the province of Oltenia.

The wife of a caimacam was referred to as caimăcămeasă.

Some of the instance when caimacams were appointed.

Caimacams acting in (Wallachia[]

10 - 12 July 1848, 9 August - 25 September 1848, 26 September 1848 - June 1849 - Constantin Cantacuzino;
4 July 1856 - October 1858 - Alexandru D. Ghica;
October 1858 - 24 January (5 February) 1859, Ioan Manu, Emanoil Băleanu, Ioan Al. Filipescu

Căimăcămii în Moldova[]

June - September 1703 - Logofăt Ioan Buhuș
February - March 1705 - Vornic Lupu Bogdan
August 1711 - Vornic Lupu Costachi, Postelnic Maxut and hatman Antioh Jora
7 October - 19 November 1711 - Ioan Mavrocordat
20 August - 7 December 1749 - Iordache Stavrachi
October 1821 - 22 July 1822 - Ștefan Vogoride (1782-1859)
8/20 July 1856 - 17 February/1 March 1857 - Teodor Balș (1805-1857)
17 February/1 March 1857 - October 1858 - Nicolae Vogoride (1820-1863)

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-'''Caimacam''' is an [[Historical Romanian ranks and titles|historical rank]] used in the principalities of [[Moldavia]] and [[Wallachia]]. It originated in the [[Slovak language|Slovak]] ''[[Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)|nádvorník]]''.
+'''Caimacam''' is an [[Historical Romanian ranks and titles|historical rank]] used in the principalities of [[Moldavia]] and [[Wallachia]]. It derives from the [[Turkish language|Slovak]] '''Qaim Maqam''' or '''Qaimaqam''' or ''Kaymakam'''. In the [[Ottoman Empire]], the Kaymakam usualy was a deputy replacing the grand [[vizir]].
+In the Romanian principalities it had the meaning of temporary caretaker of the principality after the death or demoting of a [[voivode]], until the next voivode was appointed or elected. Usually, in such circumstances two [[boyar]]s were acting as caimacams.
-The highest ranking official with this title was the '''Mare Vornic''' (or Great Vornic) who was in charge in charge of justice and internal affairs.
+In [[Wallachia]], the title of caimacam was also used for the replacements of the [[ban]] of [[Craiova]]. Starting 1761 the title of ban of Craiova was mostly honorific, and the caimacam was actualy ruling the province of Oltenia.
-In [[Moldavia]], until the 16th century, the great vornic was the highest ranking official in the [[sfatul domnesc]] (princely council). Before the creation of the rank of [[hatman]], he also had military responsibilities being the head of the army. Towards the end of the 16th century he was outranked by the great [[logofăt]]. Approximately at the same time, the office of the great vornic was split, and two administrative subordinated parts of the country, called ''vornicii'' were created: one of the ''upper country'' (Ţara de Sus) with headquarters in [[Dorohoi]], and one of the ''lower country'' (Ţara de Jos), with headquarters in Bârlad.
+The wife of a caimacam was referred to as '''caimăcămeasă'''.
-In [[Wallachia]] there was a single great vornic until the 18th century. In 1716, the country was administratively divided into two vornicii. At the beginning of the 19th century, two additional vornicii were created
+Some of the instance when caimacams were appointed.
-In Moldavia, there were two additional officials carrying the title of vornic:
+== Caimacams acting in ([[Wallachia]] ==
-* '''vornic de poartă''' (gate vornic) subordinated directly to the [[voivode]] and the great [[logofăt]]. Their responsibility was to select the cases which were to be submitted to the judgement of the [[sfatul domnesc]]. Additionally they were empowered to judge less important cases which did not meet the criteria of being judged by the princely council. From the 18th century on, they also acted as technical experts related to fixing boundaries of landowners. Their number varied between 4 and 12.
+* 10 - 12 July 1848, 9 August - 25 September 1848, 26 September 1848 - June [[1849]] -  [[Constantin Cantacuzino (c1800-1877)|Constantin Cantacuzino]];
+* 4 July 1856 - October 1858 - [[Alexandru D. Ghica (1796-1862)|Alexandru D. Ghica]];
+* October 1858 - 24 January (5 February) 1859, [[Ioan Manu (1803-1874)|Ioan Manu]], [[Emanoil Băleanu (1794-1862)|Emanoil Băleanu]], [[Ioan Al. Filipescu (1811-1863)|Ioan Al. Filipescu]]
+== Căimăcămii în [[Moldova]] ==
-* '''vornic despre doamnă''' who, starting with the beginning of the 16th century were in charge of the guards of the princely palace, with introducing visitors to the princely court, managing the protocol of the court and carrying out other related duties ordered by the voivodes or their spouses.
+* June - September 1703 - [[Logofăt]] [[Ioan Buhuș (c1640-c1715)|Ioan Buhuș]]
+* February - March 1705 - [[Vornic]] [[Lupu Bogdan (c1661-aft1705)|Lupu Bogdan]]
+* August 1711 - [[Vornic]] [[Lupu Costachi]], [[Postelnic]] [[Maxut]] and [[hatman]] [[Antioh Jora]]
+* 7 October - 19 November 1711  - [[Ioan Mavrocordat (1684-1719)|Ioan Mavrocordat]]
+* 20 August - 7 December 1749 - [[Iordache Stavrachi]]
+* October 1821 - 22 July 1822 - [[Ștefan Vogoride (1782-1859)]]
+* 8/20 July 1856 - 17 February/1 March 1857 - [[Teodor Balș (1805-1857)]]
+* 17 February/1 March 1857 - October 1858 - [[Nicolae Vogoride (1820-1863)]]
+[[Category:Caimacam| ]]
-== References ==
-* Mihai Dim. Sturdza - Familiile boiereşti din Moldova şi Ţara Românească - Vol. I - Ed. Simetria, 2004 - ISBN 973-85821-7-2
-[[Category:Caimacam]]
 [[Category:Noble titles of Romania]]