Familypedi… Editing (section) Australia 0 You are not logged in. The rich text editor does not work with JavaScript switched off. Please either enable it in your browser options, or visit your preferences to switch to the old MediaWiki editor ===Arts=== {{Main|Australian art|Australian literature|Theatre of Australia|Dance in Australia}} The [[rock art]] of Australia's Indigenous peoples is the oldest and richest in the world, dating as far back as 60,000 years and spread across hundreds of thousands of sites.<ref>Taçon, Paul S. C. (2001). "Australia". In Whitely, David S.. ''Handbook of Rock Art Research''. [[Rowman & Littlefield]]. pp. 531–575. ISBN 978-0-7425025-6-7</ref> Traditional designs, patterns and stories infuse [[contemporary Indigenous Australian art]], "the last great art movement of the 20th century";<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/06/arts/06iht-aborigine.html |title=Powerful growth of Aboriginal art |last=Henly |first=Susan Gough |date=6 November 2005 |work=The New York Times }}</ref> its exponents include [[Emily Kame Kngwarreye]].<ref>Smith, Terry (1996) "Kngwarreye Woman, Abstract Painter", p. 24 in ''Emily Kngwarreye – Paintings'', North Ryde NSW: Craftsman House / G + B Arts International. ISBN 90-5703-681-9.</ref> During the first century of European settlement, colonial artists, trained in Europe, showed a fascination with the unfamiliar land.<ref name="art" /> The [[realism (arts)|naturalistic]], sun-filled works of [[Arthur Streeton]], [[Tom Roberts]] and others associated with the 19th-century [[Heidelberg School]]—the first "distinctively Australian" movement in Western art—gave expression to a burgeoning Australian nationalism in the lead-up to Federation.<ref name="art">[http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/discover-art/learn-more/australian-art/ Australian art], [[Art Gallery of New South Wales]]. Retrieved 27 August 2014.</ref> While the school remained influential into the new century, [[modern art|modernists]] such as [[Margaret Preston]], and, later, [[Sidney Nolan]] and [[Arthur Boyd]], explored new artistic trends.<ref name="art" /> The landscape remained a central subject matter for [[Fred Williams]], [[Brett Whiteley]] and other post-World War II artists whose works, eclectic in style yet uniquely Australian, moved between the [[figurative art|figurative]] and the [[abstract art|abstract]].<ref name="art" /><ref>[http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/exhibitions/brett-whiteley-nature/ Brett Whiteley: Nature], Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 15 April 2015.</ref> The [[National Gallery of Australia]] and state galleries maintain collections of Australian and international art.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Artists & Galleries of Australia|publisher=Craftsman House|location=Roseville, Vic.|year=1990|isbn=976-8097-02-7|author=Germaine, Max|pages=756–58, 796–97, 809–10, 814–15, 819–20, 826–27, 829–30}}</ref> Australia has one of the world's highest attendances of art galleries and museums per head of population.<ref>Ron Radford, Director of the [[National Gallery of Australia]], quoted in {{cite news|last=Blake|first=Elissa|title=The art of persuasion|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] (Spectrum section)|date=4–5 February 2012}}</ref> [[File:Sidney Nolan Snake.jpg|thumb|[[Sidney Nolan]]'s ''Snake'' mural (1970), held at the [[Museum of Old and New Art]] in Hobart, Tasmania, is inspired by the Aboriginal creation myth of the [[Rainbow Serpent]], as well as desert flowers in bloom after a drought.<ref>"Sidney Nolan's Rainbow Serpent is larger than life" (16 June 2012), ''The Australasian''.</ref>]] [[Australian literature]] grew slowly in the decades following European settlement though Indigenous [[oral tradition]]s, many of which have since been recorded in writing, are much older.<ref>Sarwal, Amit; Sarwal, Reema (2009). ''Reading Down Under: Australian Literary Studies Reader''. SSS Publications. p. xii. ISBN 978-8190228213.</ref> Writers of the 19th-century [[The Bulletin#Early history|Bulletin School]], such as [[Henry Lawson]] and [[Banjo Paterson]], captured the experience of [[The bush#Australia|the bush]] using a distinctive Australian vocabulary. Their works are still very popular; Paterson's [[bush poetry|bush poem]] "[[Waltzing Matilda]]" (1895) is regarded as Australia's unofficial national anthem.<ref>O'Keeffe, Dennis (2012). ''Waltzing Matilda: The Secret History of Australia's Favourite Song''. [[Allen & Unwin]]. p. back cover. ISBN 978-1-74237-706-3.</ref> [[Miles Franklin]] is the namesake of Australia's [[Miles Franklin Award|most prestigious literary prize]], awarded to the best novel about Australian life.<ref>[http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/miles-franklin-literary-award Miles Franklin Literary Award], australia.gov.au. Retrieved 18 April 2015.</ref> Its first recipient, [[Patrick White]], went on to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 1973.<ref>[http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/australias-nobel-laureates Australia's Nobel Laureates and the Nobel Prize], australia.gov.au. Retrieved 17 April 2015.</ref> Australian winners of the [[Man Booker Prize]] include [[Peter Carey (novelist)|Peter Carey]], [[Thomas Keneally]] and [[Richard Flanagan]].<ref>Hughes-D'Aeth, Tony (15 October 2014). [http://theconversation.com/australias-booker-prize-record-suggests-others-will-come-in-flanagans-wake-33025 "Australia’s Booker prize record suggests others will come in Flanagan’s wake"], ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]''. Retrieved 17 April 2014.</ref> [[David Malouf]] and [[David Williamson]] are also renowned writers<ref>Davison, Hirst and Macintyre, p. 394.</ref> and [[Les Murray (poet)|Les Murray]] is regarded as "one of the leading poets of his generation".<ref name="JT77">{{cite web|url=http://johntranter.com/reviewer/1977-murray.shtml |title=Tranter, John (1977) A warrior poet living still at Anzac Cove: Review of ''The Vernacular Republic: Selected Poems'' |publisher=Johntranter.com |date=29 January 1977 |accessdate=14 June 2010}}</ref> Many of Australia's performing arts companies receive funding through the federal government's [[Australia Council for the Arts|Australia Council]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/13753/Australia_Council_for_the_Arts_-_Funding_Guide_2010.pdf |year=2010 |title=Arts funding guide 2010 |publisher=[[Australia Council]] |format=PDF |accessdate=14 June 2010| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705002654/http://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/13753/Australia_Council_for_the_Arts_-_Funding_Guide_2010.pdf| archivedate= 5 July 2010 | deadurl=no}}</ref> There is a symphony orchestra in each state,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/50231/LECG_Orchestras_Review_evaluation_summary.pdf |title=Evaluation of the Orchestras Review 2005 funding package implementation |format=PDF |accessdate=23 April 2010 |publisher=Australia Council}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}</ref> and a national opera company, [[Opera Australia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080723135113/http://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/the_arts/artists_and_orgs/artists/opera_australia |title=Opera Australia |publisher=Australia Council |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> well known for its famous [[soprano]] [[Joan Sutherland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/music/opera/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406111552/http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/music/opera/ |archivedate=6 April 2011 |title=Opera in Australia |publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |date=5 March 2007}}</ref> At the beginning of the 20th century, [[Nellie Melba]] was one of the world's leading opera singers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.themonthly.com.au/encounters-shane-maloney-nellie-melba-enrico-caruso--160 |title=Nellie Melba & Enrico Caruso |work=[[The Monthly]]|author=Maloney, Shane |date=December 2005 – January 2006 |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> Ballet and dance are represented by [[The Australian Ballet]] and various state companies. Each state has a publicly funded theatre company.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.minister.dbcde.gov.au/brandis/media/media_releases/2007/35_per_cent_increase_in_funding_for_australias_major_performing_arts_companies/ |title=35 per cent increase in funding for Australia's major performing arts companies |author=Brandis, George |publisher=Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts |date=8 May 2007 |accessdate=23 April 2010 |authorlink=George Brandis|archiveurl=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/36698/20071112-1356/www.minister.dcita.gov.au/brandis/media/media_releases/2007/35_per_cent_increase_in_funding_for_australias_major_performing_arts_companies.html|archivedate=12 November 2007}}</ref> Loading editor Below are some commonly used wiki markup codes. Simply click on what you want to use and it will appear in the edit box above. 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