Van Buren, Arkansas

Van Buren is the second largest city in the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area and the county seat of Crawford County, Arkansas, United States. The city is located directly northeast of Fort Smith at the Interstate 40 - Interstate 540 junction. The city was incorporated in 1842 and according to 2010 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city was 22,791, ranking it as the state's 19th largest city, behind Sherwood.

Phillips Landing and earlier
The area was settled by David Boyd and Thomas Martin in the year 1818. After Arkansas became a territory in 1819 Daniel and Thomas Phillips constructed a lumber yard in the community to serve as a fuel depot for river traffic. In the year 1831 a post office was constructed for the community, at the time known as Phillips Landing. This post office was named after the newly appointed Secretary of State, Martin Van Buren.

John Drennen along with his partner, David Thompson, purchased the area for US$11,000. They moved their business of supplying firewood for steamboats to this new location on higher ground. The courthouse was constructed on a lot of land donated by Drennen on the condition that Van Buren become the county seat. The Drennen Reserve is one of the town's existing historical sites from the 1830s.

Incorporation
Van Buren was first incorporated December 24, 1842.

Battle of Van Buren, 1862
On December 7, 1862, Union and Confederate forces clashed along the Arkansas River in and around the town of Van Buren resulting in a defeat for the Confederate army driving them south across the river with minimal casualties, however the Union forces captured 100 prisoners, as stated in a battle report by Samuel R. Curtis, Major General of the Union forces.

1996 tornado
On April 21, 1996 at 11:12 p.m., a category F3 tornado hit the Fort Smith/Van Buren area causing extensive damage.

The tornado, which spawned in Oklahoma and crossed into west Fort Smith near the confluence of the Arkansas and Poteau Rivers, killed 2, injured 89 and cost $300 million in damage. The fatalities were small children from Ft. Smith. At its worst, the tornado was one half of one mile across. After leaving the downtown area of Fort Smith, it traveled northwest through industrial and residential sections of north Fort Smith, then crossed the Arkansas River again into the Mount Vista area on the west side of Van Buren and damaged a highly residential area where no fatalities occurred although this area was very populated at the time. The total length it traveled on the ground was 7 miles. In total, there were around 1,800 homes damaged the majority of which were in Van Buren.

Physical geography
Van Buren is located at 35.44444°N, -94.34667°W (35.444339, -94.346737).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.9 sqmi, 15.1 sqmi of which is land and 0.8 sqmi (5.05%) is water.

Along the southern side, the Arkansas River separates Van Buren from Fort Smith of Sebastian County. Lee Creek runs along the western side of city where it eventually flows into the Arkansas River.

Climate
Van Buren lies within a humid subtropical climate area. The city also lies on the eastern edge of the region known as Tornado Alley. Average temperatures range from 36°F in January, to as high an average of 81°F in July with temperatures reaching the high 90s and low 100s in August. The average annual temperature is approximately 60°F. Average precipitation is about 41 total inches, with only six inches being snow.



Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 18,986 people, 6,947 households, and 5,182 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,260.7 people per square mile (486.8/km²). There were 7,427 housing units at an average density of 493.2 per square mile (190.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 87.37% White, 1.64% Black or African American, 1.96% Native American, 2.82% Asian, 3.17% from other races, and 3.03% from two or more races. 6.04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 6,947 households, of which 40.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% are classified as non-families by the United States Census Bureau. Of 6,947 households, 362 are unmarried partner households: 304 heterosexual, 12 same-sex male, and 46 same-sex female households. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.6% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,608, and the median income for a family was $37,198. Males had a median income of $28,798 versus $21,201 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,948. About 13.5% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and architecture
Van Buren is home of the King Opera House, a Victorian-style performance hall from the late 19th century, part of the old downtown historic area. At the south end of the historical downtown is the Crawford County courthouse, the oldest functioning courthouse west of the Mississippi River. To the north is the Old Frisco Station which was originally a station on the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway, pictured at the top of this page.



Media
As part of the primary Fort Smith metropolitan area, many Fort Smith based television stations including KHBS and KFSM, whose radio mast is built in Van Buren, provide local news and weather. The city's major newspaper is the Van Buren Press Argus-Courier, however many people also read Fort Smith's Southwest Times Record, as well as the Northwest Edition of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette.

Transportation
Van Buren's location at the junction of Interstate 40, Interstate 540 (Arkansas), and the Arkansas/Oklahoma border yields surprisingly large tourism and hospitality industries. The city is also located at the junction of several state and U.S. highways including Arkansas Highway 59, US 64, and US 71. A private airport, Twin Cities Airport (code 39AR), was operational to the southeast of the city, but has been closed for many years. Modern railroads in the city include the Arkansas and Missouri Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad.

Education
The Van Buren School District is the largest school district in Crawford County, consisting of six elementary schools (grades K-4), two middle schools (grades 5-6), two junior highs (grades 7-9) and one high school (grades 10-12). The Van Buren High School is in the 7A-Central Division of Arkansas high school sports.

Sites of interest

 * King Opera House-Performance hall and historic landmark.
 * The Old Frisco Station-Victorian style railroad station; used for a scene in the film Biloxi Blues. It was part of the now defunct St. Louis-San Francisco Railway also known as the Frisco.
 * Historic Main Street - was used for scenes in the film The Blue and the Gray.

Notable natives

 * Bob Burns - Comedian and actor
 * John T. Deweese - U.S. Representative from North Carolina
 * Matt Jones (American football) - National Football League player
 * Natalie White - Survivor Samoa winner