Paragroup

In, and  are designated by letters of the alphabet. When a person takes a, the presence of an (*) in their test result indicates that they are a member of a particular , but not of a known  (subdivision). Specifically, they do not possess any of the mutations that would place him/her in one of the known "downstream" subclades.

For example, a member of the may belong to the sub-haplogroup R1 (defined by marker M173) or R2 (defined by marker M124). Individuals with neither of these mutations are categorised as belonging to group R*.