College Station, Texas

College Station is a city in Brazos County, Texas, situated in East Central Texas in the heart of the Brazos Valley. The city is located within the most populated region of Texas, near three of the 10 largest cities in the United States - Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio. The population estimate as of 2010 was 93,857.

College Station and Bryan together make up the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area, the sixteenth largest metropolitan area in Texas with 203,371 people.

College Station is home to the main campus of Texas A&M University, the flagship institution of The Texas A&M University System. The city owes both its name and existence to the university's location along a railroad. Texas A&M's triple designation as a Land-, Sea-, and Space-Grant institution reflects the broad scope of the research endeavors it brings to the city, with ongoing projects funded by agencies such as NASA, the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.

Due largely to the size of Texas A&M University, College Station was named by Money magazine in 2006 as the most educated city in Texas, and the 11th most educated city in the United States.

City name
In 1860 the Houston and Texas Central Railway built through the area, stopping just short of Bryan until after the Civil War. In 1871 the site was chosen as the home of the new Texas Agriculture and Mechanical College. Students riding the train would be let off at the "college station" instead of stopping in Bryan. When a post office for the university was opened in 1877 near the tracks, it took the name of College Station. It was not until 1938 that the town was finally incorporated as College Station, Texas.

Historical events
The origins of College Station date from 1860, when the Houston and Texas Central Railway began to build through the region. Eleven years later, the site was chosen as the location for the proposed A&M College of Texas, a land-grant school. In 1876, as the nation celebrated its centennial, the school, (now Texas A&M University) opened its doors as the first public institution of higher education in the state of Texas.

The population of College Station grew slowly, reaching 350 in 1884 and 391 at the turn of the century. However, during this time period transportation improvements took place in the town. In 1900 the I&GN Railroad was extended to College Station (the line would be abandoned by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company in 1965), and ten years later Electric Interurban service was established between Texas A&M and the neighboring town of Bryan, Texas. The Interurban would be replaced by a city bus system in the 1920s.

In 1930 the community to the north of College Station, known as North Oakwood, was incorporated as part of Bryan. College Station itself did not incorporate until 1938, with John H. Binney as the first mayor. Within a year the city established a zoning commission, and by 1940 the population had reached 2184.

The city grew under the leadership of Ernest Langford, called by some the “Father of College Station”, who began a 26 year stretch as mayor in 1942. Early in his first term, the city adopted a council-manager system of city government.

Population growth accelerated following World War II as the non-student population reached 7,898 in 1950, 11,396 in 1960, 17,676 in 1970, 30,449 in 1980, 52,456 in 1990, and 67,890 in 2000. It is estimated the population for the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area will range from 250,846 to 271,773 by 2030.

In the 1990s, College Station and Texas A&M University drew national attention when the George Bush Presidential Library opened in 1997 and, more tragically, when 12 people were killed and 27 injured when the Aggie Bonfire collapsed while being constructed in 1999.

Geography
College Station is located at °N, °W (30.601433, -96.314464).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 40.3 sqmi, of which 40.3 square miles (104.3 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.10%) is water.

Area Lakes cover 180000 acre and include Somerville Lake, Lake Conroe, Gibbons Creek Reservoir, Lake Limestone, Lake Bryan and many others.

Climate
The local climate is subtropical and temperate and winters are mild with periods of low temperatures usually lasting less than two months. Snow and ice are extremely rare. Summers are warm and hot with occasional showers being the only real variation in weather.
 * Average annual rainfall: 39 inches (1000 mm)
 * Average elevation: 367 feet (112 m) above sea level
 * Average Temperature: 68 °F (20 °C)
 * Agricultural Resources: Cattle, corn, cotton, eggs, hay, sorghum
 * Mineral Resources: Sand, gravel, lignite, gas, oil

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 67,890 people, 24,691 households, and 10,370 families residing in the city. The population was 80.5% White, 7.29% Asian, 5.4% Black, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 4.47% from other races, and 1.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any ethnicity/nationality were 9.96% of the population.

There were 24,691 households out of which 21.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 58.0% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 2.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city the population was spread out with 14.4% under the age of 18, 51.2% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 9.4% from 45 to 64, and 3.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,180, and the median income for a family was $53,147. Males had a median income of $38,216 versus $26,592 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,170. About 15.4% of families and 37.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The City of College Station has a council-manager form of government. Voters elect the members of a city council, who pass laws and make policy. The council hires a professional city manager who is responsible for day-to-day operations of the city and its public services.

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Bryan District Parole Office in College Station.

The United States Postal Service operates the College Station and Northgate College Station post offices.

Northgate
Northgate is a mixed-use district located just north of Texas A&M University that features a combination of businesses, residences, churches, and entertainment. Known as the heart of College Station entertainment, it is a vibrant part of the city known for its eclectic mix of restaurants and bars. In total, the district spans approximately 145 acre, bounded by Wellborn Road to the west, South College Avenue to the east, the College Station city limits to the north and University Drive to the south. The district is the home of the first Texas location for the regional fast food chain Freebirds World Burrito and the Dixie Chicken.

Northgate's roots start in the 1930s as the city began enjoying rapid population growth from the influx of Texas A&M University students, professors and their families. Realizing that proximity to the campus would be a boon for revenues, the first business district was established in College Station near the campus, taking its name for the closest on-campus landmark: the north gate. When the city was encorporated in 1938, its first City Hall was opened in the new district. In 1994, restoration efforts began to revitalize the ailing area. A four day music festival, "North By Northgate" was introduced in 1998 and has become an annual tradition, renamed to the "Northgate Music Festival" in 2002. In 2006, the city council incorporated Northgate as a special tax zone to finance additional improvements and expansions.

Wolf Pen Creek District
Wolf Pen Creek District is a large commercial development located adjacent to Post Oak Mall and between two of the city's main commercial thoroughfares: Earl Rudder Freeway and Texas Avenue. The area consists of a greenway with trails, a $1.5 million amphitheater and entertainment area, a small lake, the Arctic Wolf Ice Skating Complex, and is the home of the Arts Council of the Brazos Valley. The Amphitheater has hosted a variety of musical events, including the annual Starlight Music Series, a concert series that starts in late spring and runs through late summer.

Wellborn District
Wellborn, Texas became a community in 1867 as a construction camp on the Houston and Texas Central Railroad. The town's name has been attributed to a well at the construction camp, a foreman named E.W. Wellborn, or a landowner named W.W. Willburn. Also in 1867, a post office opened in the community under the name Wellborn Station. In 1870 the name was shortened to Wellborn. In 2010, the city of College Station started the annexation of Wellborn and on April 14, 2011 the City Council of College Station voted 5-2 to annex Wellborn, thus making the community the Wellborn District.

Business parks

 * Business Center at College Station
 * A 200 acre (800,000 m²), Class "A" Business Center just five miles (8 km) from the University. Current residents include firms involved in telecommunications, software development and technology manufacturing.
 * Spring Creek Corporate Campus
 * A 100 acre (400,000 m²), Class "A" Business Center just minutes from the University. A green-belt surrounds most of the Campus will provide a buffer between the new development and adjacent land uses which include the Pebble Creek Country Club and Woodland Hills Subdivision.
 * Texas A&M University Research Park
 * This 324 acre (1.3 km²) Research Park was established to provide businesses direct partnering opportunities with Texas A&M University. Several companies and non-profit research interests have located in the park including Schlumberger, Lynntech, AdventGX, the Institute of Food Science and Engineering, the Electron Beam Food Research Facility, the Academy of Advanced Telecommunications and Learning Technologies and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program to name just a few.
 * Crescent Pointe
 * Crescent Pointe is a master planned, mixed-use development of approximately 192 acres (777,000 m²), with frontage on University Drive (Highway 60) and Harvey Road (Highway 30).

Mass transit

 * The District (formerly Brazos Valley Transit Authority) provides public bus transportation in the Bryan/College Station area.


 * Texas A&M Transportation Services provides bus transportation throughout College Station and Bryan for students, faculty, and staff of Texas A&M University. On Texas A&M football game days, the department provides additional park-and-ride service to and from Kyle Field.


 * Groundshuttle Provides daily shuttles to and from Houston airports (Hobby and Bush).

Regional

 * Easterwood Airport (CLL) is located in the southwestern part of College Station, on the Texas A&M University campus. Easterwood provides multiple scheduled flights daily to Dallas and Houston.
 * Coulter Field (CFD) is located in east Bryan and is owned by the city of Bryan.

International

 * George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) is located in the northern part of Houston, Texas, less than 1.5 hours from College Station and between Interstate 45 and U.S. Highway 59.
 * Austin-Bergstrom International Airport (AUS) is located in southeast Austin, Texas, less than 2 hours from College Station off State Highway 71 near the intersection with U.S. Highway 183.

Major roads

 * State Highway 6: Earl Rudder Freeway (East Bypass)
 * State Highway 6 Business: Texas Avenue South
 * State Highway 30: Harvey Road
 * State Highway 40: William D. Fitch Parkway
 * State Highway 47
 * State Highway 308: College Avenue
 * Farm to Market Road 60: University Drive / Raymond Stotzer Parkway
 * Farm to Market Road 2154: Wellborn Road
 * Farm to Market Road 2347: George Bush Drive
 * Farm to Market Road 2818: Harvey Mitchell Parkway (West Bypass)

Railroads

 * Union Pacific Rail line: Union Pacific Corporation (NYSE: UNP)

Economy
As of May 2008, the local unemployment hovered around 3 to 4 percent, among the lowest in the State of Texas. This low rate largely attributed to the significant role the university plays in the local economy. However, the rate of underemployment is an on-going and significant problem.

Major employers

 * Texas A&M University System - Education - 16,248
 * Bryan Independent School District - Education - 1,949
 * St. Joseph Regional Health Center - Health Services - 1,590
 * Sanderson Farms - Poultry processing - 1,539
 * College Station Independent School District - Education - 1,400
 * Reynolds & Reynolds (formerly UCS)/Rentsys - Computer hardware/software - 959
 * City of Bryan - Government - 889
 * City of College Station - Government - 865
 * Wal-Mart - Retail - 650
 * New Alenco Windows - Windows - 611
 * H-E-B Grocery - Retail - 590

Headquarters
Until its 2007 acquisition by Tavistock Group, Freebirds World Burrito had its corporate headquarters in College Station.

Post Oak Mall
Post Oak Mall was the city's first mall and it is currently the largest mall in the Brazos Valley. The 82 acre mall is home to 125 stores; its opening on February 17, 1982 helped create the impetus for growing economic and commercial developments for College Station. It is currently the largest tax payer in College Station, and the second largest in the Brazos Valley, even though the anchor stores are free-standing units that are privately owned and taxed separate from the mall proper. Over 75 percent of retail sales in the Brazos Valley come from sales at the mall's stores.

Sports facilities

 * Football: Kyle Field (Largest Crowd: 90,079)
 * Racing: Texas World Speedway (Capacity 23,000)
 * Basketball: Reed Arena (Largest Crowd: 13,657)
 * Baseball: Olsen Field (Largest Crowd: 11,052)
 * Volleyball: G. Rollie White Coliseum (Largest Crowd: 8,608)
 * Soccer: Aggie Soccer Stadium (Largest Crowd: 8,204)
 * Track and Field: Anderson Track and Field Complex (Capacity: 3,500)
 * Tennis: George P. Mitchell Tennis Center (Largest Crowd: 2,339)
 * Softball: Aggie Softball Complex (Largest Crowd: 2,341)
 * Hockey: The Arctic Wolf Ice Center (Capacity: 500)
 * Golf: Texas A&M Traditions Club (Capacity: Unknown)
 * Bowling: Grand Station Entertainment (Capacity: 600+)

Television stations
Local channels are KBTX, ABC40, and FOX28 Public TV (KAMU)

Radio stations
College Station is part of the Bryan-College Station Arbitron market #238.

Area newspapers

 * The Bryan/College Station Eagle (City newspaper)
 * The Battalion (Texas A&M University newspaper)
 * Maroon Weekly (Student-run independent newspaper)
 * The Touchstone (Left/Progressive, Alt/Indy newspaper)

Area magazines

 * 12th Man Magazine
 * Aggieland Illustrated
 * Insite Magazine
 * AgriLeader Magazine

Healthcare

 * College Station Medical Center
 * Scott & White Clinic
 * St. Joseph Emergency Center
 * St. Joseph Express
 * Physicians Center

Local colleges and universities

 * Texas A&M University (approximately 46,000 students)
 * Texas A&M Health Science Center

Local school districts

 * College Station Independent School District

Tallest buildings

 * Buildings with 7 or more floors
 * Plaza Hotel: (formerly University Tower) 16 floors
 * Kyle Field: 180 ft
 * Oceanography & Meteorology Building: 13 floors
 * Albritton Bell Tower: 138 ft
 * Rudder Tower: 12 floors
 * College Station Hilton: 11 floors
 * Adam Corporation Building (formally First American Bank Headquarters): 11 floors (under construction)
 * Richardson Petroleum Engineering: 10 floors
 *  CE/Texas Transportation Institute: 8 floors
 * Regents Building: 8 floors
 * Brown Engineering: 7 floors
 * Harrington: 7 floors
 * Bright Building: 7 floors
 * McFerrin Indoor Athletic Practice Facility: over 100 ft
 * Texas A&M University System Building: 7 floors

Nearest cities

 * Cities within 30 miles (50 km)
 * Bryan, Texas 5.7 miles (9 km)
 * Wixon Valley, Texas 11.1 miles (18 km)
 * Snook, Texas 13.2 miles (21 km)
 * Navasota, Texas 21.5 miles (35 km)
 * Somerville, Texas 23.1 miles (37 km)
 * Anderson, Texas 23.8 miles (38 km)
 * Caldwell, Texas 27.0 miles (43 km)
 * Hearne, Texas 27.2 miles (44 km)

Nearest major cities

 * Cities with population over 500,000 within 200 miles (300 km)
 * Houston, Texas 69.7 miles (152 km) (Population: 2,200,000, Metro Population: 5,500,000)
 * Austin, Texas 107.7 miles (173 km) (Population: 656,562)
 * San Antonio, Texas 169 miles (267 km) (Population: 1,144,646)
 * Fort Worth, Texas 173 miles (278 km) (Population: 534,694, Metro Population: 6,500,000)
 * Dallas, Texas 187 miles (268 km) (Population: 1,188,580, Metro Population: 6,500,000)

Notable residents
The following people have lived or are currently living in College Station:
 * Sara Alpern, professor of women's history at Texas A&M University
 * Gary Clayton Anderson, American historian and specialist in American Indian studies, resided in College Station in early 1980s
 * Matthew Berry — ESPN fantasy analyst and son of College Station Mayor Nancy Berry.
 * David Bereit — Anti-abortion activist
 * Robert A. Calvert - Historian
 * Henry C. Dethloff - historian and author
 * J.H. Galloway — vice president of Exxon Oil Corporation
 * Ross King — worship leader
 * Martin V. Melosi  Environmental historian at TAMU, since head of the Institute for Public History at the University of Houston
 * Patrick Zurek — Bishop of Amarillo, founding pastor of St. Thomas Aquinas Parish
 * R.C. Slocum — Former Texas A&M University head football coach (1989–2002)
 * Robert Gates — Former University President, current Secretary of Defense
 * Skip Sheffield —WWE RAW Superstar,Also a part of The Nexus.
 * Tiffany Thornton — Actress, starring in Disney Channel's Sonny With a Chance
 * Ilan Mitchell-Smith - Actor, starring in Weird Science, Journey to the Center of the Earth, among others; professor of English at California State University Long Beach.

Points of interest

 * George Bush Presidential Library
 * D. A. "Andy" Anderson Arboretum