Ermington, New South Wales

Ermington is a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Ermington is located 19 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Parramatta. Ermington lies on the northern bank of the Parramatta River.

Aboriginal culture
The area now known as Ermington was associated with the Wallumettagal/Wallumedegal people. References also note that the area had been controlled by the Wongal/Wangal people.

European settlement
Ermington was originally part of the Field of Mars area. In February 1792, Governor Arthur Phillip granted parcels of land on the northern bank of Parramatta River in the Field of Mars to eight marines: Isaac Archer, John Carver, John Colthread, Thomas Cottrell, James Manning, Alexander McDonald, Thomas Swinnerton and Thomas Tining. Most of the parcels were about 80 acre in size, except for McDonald’s which was 130 acres (apparently because he was married). The settlers used their land to grow wheat, maize and vegetables.

Alexander McDonald's grant extended northward from Parramatta River to approximately present-day Stevens Street, and westward to present-day Spurway Street. His house is still standing near Parramatta River at 15-17 Honor Street. In 1809 he acquired an extra 40 acre. He used his land to grow wheat, which he ground, dressed and sold to a baker in Sydney. After McDonald’s death, his widow sold part of the land to Seargent George MacDonald (no relation), who in turn sold it to Henry Bowerman and Charles Campbell. Bowerman developed an orchard and vineyard on the land, and he built the Broadoaks homestead on the hill immediately west of present-day Rydalmere East Public School, with sweeping views of Parramatta River. The remainder of McDonald's land was purchased by E. B. Miller, who built Rose Farm in Honor Street.

John Colthread's grant comprised 80 acre across present-day Wharf Road. The Police Magistrate to Parramatta, Major Edmund Lockyer, purchased the land in 1827 and built the stone mansion Ermington - named after the parish in Devon, England, where his second wife, Sarah Morris, was born. The house was completed in 1828 and stood near the current Ryde-Parramatta Golf Course. Locker increased his land holdings and by 1830 was grazing 1280 sheep and over 300 head of cattle on more than 1900 hectares. He subdivided some of his land in 1841 and advertised it for sale as the "Village of Ermington", but not many blocks were sold. In 1843, Lockyer sold off his remaining holdings. Lockyer died in 1860. His third child by his second marriage, born in England, was named Sarah Ermington Lockyer.

Agriculture
Ermington played an early role in Australia's wine industry. In 1806 Gregory Blaxland established a vineyard in what is now Ermington and produced award winning wines. During March 1822 Australia's first wine export was shipped to England from Blaxland's 'Brush Farm' vineyard in Ermington. Today the neighbouring suburb of Dundas still has a creek called Vineyard Creek.

From the 1830s, the Ermington region became an important source of fruit for early Sydney, and it was a busy place in the packing season. Produce such as oranges, lemons, apples and apricots was carted down to Pennant Hills Wharf, and small boats including the Amy and the Growers Friend would transport it on to the markets in Sydney. Blue metal from the quarry in present-day Dundas Valley was also transported to Sydney for road building.

Industrial and residential development
In November 1886, the land bounded by present-day Silverwater Road, Jackson Street, Spurway Street and Lindsay Avenue was offered at auction as the Broad Oaks Estate. However, the auction was unsuccessful and the land reverted to grazing and dairying. Many years later the land was acquired by John Bridge Ltd, who engaged surveyors Lockie, Gannon, Worley and Campbell to prepare the current curvilinear design in 1930. The streets were named after Australian painters.

Further south, parts of the lower area adjacent to the Parramatta River were filled in the early 1930s in anticipation of a residential subdivision, also to be known as the Broadoaks Estate. However, these plans were stifled by the Great Depression. In 1943, the site was occupied by the Ermington Naval Storage Depot. Seven large nissen-style storage and repair warehouses were constructed to serve as a supplies store for the United States Army during World War II. The Royal Australian Navy continued to use the site for several years after the war to store non-explosive materials, and Prix Car Services used it to hold cars in the 1990s.

In 1945, the Australian government acquired many of the orchards and nurseries in Ermington, commenced large-scale subdivision and built hundreds of Housing and War Commission dwellings to accommodate returned servicemen and their families. There are still substantial Housing Commission holdings near the intersection of Spurway and Bartlett Streets.

During the 1970s, to the chagrin of the local residents, much of the area occupied by George Kendall Riverside Park (then called George Kendall Reserve) was used as a landfill site. Eventually the operation was decommissioned and the site revegetated.

Since the Sydney property boom in the early 2000s, Ermington has had a wave of young families settle here in search for affordable houses, while the continued development of Parramatta attracts professional workers. In 2006/07, the site of the former Ermington Naval Storage Depot was cleared and Stockland commenced development of its Riverwalk estate, featuring high-market housing beside the Parramatta River.

Commercial area
The Ermington Shopping Centre, opened in 1958, was an "essential amenity" for the hundreds of families in the new Housing and War Commission Homes. Today, this string of shops along Betty Cuthbert Avenue is a busy shopping hub.

Army barracks
Timor Barracks is just inside the northern boundary of Ermington, on the corner of Kissing Point Road and Stewart Street. It is currently home to the 8th Command Support Regiment. Previously it was home to the Eastern Region Command Signals Regiment. The barracks used to be overlooked by a very tall antenna tower, providing communications for the army. The tower was pulled down some years ago. Today there is a mobile phone tower not too far from the site of the original army tower.

The barracks opened on 17 February 1968, on the former site of the 2CH radio station transmitter. Today the 2CH transmitter is located across the Parramatta river from Ermington, at Homebush Bay. The area surrounding the transmitter was a market garden owned by Yates. A nearby street in Dundas, is called Yates Avenue. Today the old market garden is residential housing, built in the 1960s.

The Lottie Stewart Hospital
Next to the Timor Barracks is the Lottie Stewart Hospital. The hospital has a history of palliative care and is operated by the Wesley Mission. It was opened in 1948. The Lottie Stewart Fete is an annual fixture in Ermington's calendar.

Subiaco Creek
Ermington is the watershed of the Subiaco Creek. The Creeks starts as runoff from the area containing Timor Barracks and Lottie Stewart Hospital. It enters a culvert and runs underneath Fremont Avenue at the bottom of the valley near house number 23. It then flows under an easement into Cowells Lane Reserve. "The Creek" (as it is called by locals) used to be mostly above ground, but as at 2006 has been mostly buried in a pipe. It surfaces again near the intersection of Stevens Street and Spurway Street.

Transport
There are five Sydney bus routes that service Ermington. The 520 and m52 travel to and from Parramatta Station to City and Circular Quay. The 523 travels via Spurway and Bartlett Streets in Ermington and on to West Ryde. The 524 services Melrose park stopping along Boronia St then at Ermington Shops. This route then travels along the industrial section of Rydalmere along South Street and via the ferry wharf towards Parramatta

Schools

 * Ermington West Public School
 * Rydalmere East Public School
 * Melrose Park Public School
 * Ermington Public School is located in West Ryde, just outside the boundaries of Ermington.



Churches
The first church in Ermington, St Mark's Anglican Church, was opened in 1883. The first known Catholic mass in the area was celebrated in 1855, in a converted barn near Ermington House.

Parks
Parks in the Ermington area include:
 * George Kendall Riverside Park
 * Eccles Park
 * Cowells Lane Reserve
 * Thomas Wemyss Park
 * Millers Reserve
 * Hilder Reserve

Sport and recreation
The Ermington United Sports & Recreation Club was founded in Ermington 1957 and is predominantly based at George Kendell Riverside Park. The club has since been involved in a variety of sports and recreational activities. These include: Cricket, AFL, archery and boomerang throwing. Currently the club is only involved in Soccer, Netball and Tennis.

1st Ermington Scouts was founded in 1953.

George Kendell Riverside park also contains a number of locations fit for community or family based activities. These include: Playgrounds, Sheltered seating and cooking areas and a bike track.

Notable residents

 * Betty Cuthbert, an Australian Olympic Athlete, grew up in Ermington and attended Ermington Public School. The main street of the Ermington shopping centre is called Betty Cuthbert Avenue, in her honour.
 * Greg Matthews, a test cricketer, attended Ermington Public School

Politics
Prior to the 2007 federal election Ermington was the eastern most suburb in the federal electoral division of Parramatta. Since 2007 most of Ermington is contained within the federal electoral division of Bennelong, being on its western boundary. A small portion of the suburb, lying west of Silverwater Road, is in the division of Reid.

At the state level Ermington is contained within the State Electoral District Of Parramatta.

At the local government level Ermington is within the City of Parramatta Local Government Area. The portion of Ermington east of Spurway Street is in the Lachlan Macquarie Ward while the portion west of Spurway Street is in the Elizabeth Macarthur Ward.