Springfield, Ohio

Springfield is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Clark County. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Mad River, Buck Creek and Beaver Creek, approximately 45 miles (72 km) west of Columbus and 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Dayton. Springfield is home to Wittenberg University, a liberal arts college.

As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 60,608. According to the US Census 2007 estimate, the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of 133,333 residents. The Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH Combined Statistical Area has 1,067,741 residents. Springfield is approximately one hour west of Columbus, Ohio, the state capital, and 30 minutes east of Dayton. Interstate 70 has four exits that serve the city of Springfield.

In 2004, Springfield was chosen as an "All-America City".

In 1983, Newsweek featured Springfield in its 50th anniversary issue, entitled, "The American Dream." It chronicled the impact of the past 50 years on five local families.

The Little Miami Scenic Trail, a paved rail-trail which is almost 80 miles long, goes from the Buck Creek Scenic Trailhead in Springfield south to Newtown, Ohio (near downtown Cincinnati), and is popular with hikers and cyclists.

History
Springfield founded by James Demint, a former teamster from Kentucky, in 1801. When Clark County was created from parts of Champaign, Madison and Greene counties, Springfield was designated as county seat in 1818. Springfield beat out the village of New Boston by two votes in the state legislature.

Springfield traces its early growth to the National Road, which ended in Springfield for approximately 10 years as politicians wrangled over the path it would continue. Dayton and Eaton wanted the road to veer south after Springfield, but President Andrew Jackson made the final decision to have the road continue straight west to Richmond, Indiana.

During the mid-and-late 19th century, Springfield was dominated by industrialists including O. S. Kelly, Asa S. Bushnell, James Leffel, P. P. Mast and Benjamin Warder. Asa S. Bushnell built the Springfield, Ohio Bushnell Building where the patent attorney to the Wright Brothers, Harry Aubrey Toulmin, Sr., wrote the 1904 patent to cover the invention of the airplane. To promote the products of his agricultural equipment company, P. P. Mast started the Farm and Fireside magazine. Mast’s publishing company - Mast, Crowell, and Kirkpatrick - grew to become Crowell-Collier Publishing Company best known for Collier's Weekly. In 1894, The Kelly Springfield Tire Company was founded.

At the turn of the 20th century Springfield became known as the "Home City." Several lodges including the Masonic Lodge, Knights of Pythias and Odd Fellows built homes for orphans and aged members of their order. Springfield also became known as "The Champion City"..a reference to the Champion brand of farm equipment manufactured by the Glessner Manufacturing Company..which was later absorbed into International Harvester in 1902. International remains in Springfield as Navistar International, a producer of medium to large trucks.

In 1902 A.B. Graham, then the superintendent of schools for Springfield Township in Clark County, established a "Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Club." Approximately 85 children from 10 to 15 years of age attended the first meeting on January 15, 1902 in Springfield, Ohio, in the basement of the Clark County Courthouse. This was the start of what would be called the "4-H Club" within a few years, quickly growing to a nationwide organization. (4-H stands for "Head, Heart, Hands, and Health"). The first "projects" included food preservation, gardening and elementary agriculture. Today, the Courthouse still bears a large 4H symbol under the flag pole at the front of the building to commemorate its part in founding the organization. The Clark County Fair is the second largest fair in the state (only the Ohio State Fair is larger) in large part to 4H still remaining very popular in the area.

On March 7, 1904, over a thousand Springfield residents formed a lynch mob, stormed the jail and removed prisoner Richard Dixon, a black man accused of murdering police officer Charles B. Collis. Richard Dixon was shot to death and then hung from a pole on the corner of Fountain and Main Street, where the mob continued to shoot his lifeless body. The mob then proceeded to burn much of the black area of town. In February 1906, another mob formed and again burned the black section of town known as "the levee".

Sixty years later, Springfield was the first city in the US to have a black mayor, Robert Henry.

From 1916 to 1926, 10 automobile companies operated in Springfield. Among them: The Bramwell, Brenning, Foos, Frayer-Miller, Kelly Steam, Russell-Springfield and Westcott. The Westcott, known as the car built to last, was a six-cylinder four-door sedan manufactured by Burton J. Westcott of the Westcott Motor Car Company. Burton and Orpha Westcott however, are better known for having contracted the world-renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright to design their home in 1908 at 1340 East High Street. The Westcott House, a sprawling two-story stucco and concrete house has all the features of Wright's prairie style including horizontal lines, low-pitched roof, and broad eaves. It is the only Frank Lloyd Wright prairie style house in the state of Ohio. The property was purchased in 2000 by the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy (Chicago, IL), and as part of a prearranged plan, the house was then sold to a newly formed local Westcott House Foundation. The Westcott House Foundation managed the extensive 5 year, $5.3 million restoration, the house was fully restored to its original glory in October 2005, when it officially opened to the public for guided tours.

International Harvester (now Navistar), manufacturer of farm machinery and later trucks, became the leading local industry after Springfield native William Whitely invented the self-raking reaper and mower, in 1856. It held that position, along with Crowell-Collier Publishing, throughout most of the next century.

The city is served by one daily newspaper, the Springfield News-Sun, and by one weekly newspaper, The Springfield Paper.

Geography
Springfield is located at °N, °W (39.927067, -83.804131).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.5 square miles (58.3 km²), of which, 22.5 square miles (58.2 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2) of it (0.18%) is water. The Clarence J. Brown Reservoir is located on the northeast outskirts of Springfield.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 65,358 people, 26,254 households, and 16,224 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,908.6 people per square mile (1,123.0/km²). There were 29,309 housing units at an average density of 1,304.2 per square mile (503.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.04% White, 18.22% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.

There are 26,254 households out of which 29.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.5% are married couples living together, 16.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% are non-families. 32.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 13.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.38 and the average family size is 2.99.

In the population is spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 84.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $32,193, and the median income for a family is $39,890. Males have a median income of $32,027 versus $23,155 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,660. 16.9% of the population and 13.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 23.9% of those under the age of 18 and 9.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Education
Springfield Public Schools enroll 8,604 students in public primary and secondary schools. The district operates 16 public schools including ten elementary schools, four middle schools, one high school, and one alternative school.

Springfield is also home to Nightingale Montessori, a small private school using the methods from Dr. Montessori. The school was founded over thirty years ago, and has been educating many from Springfield and other surrounding cities such as Yellow Springs, Dayton, and Jamestown. The school accepts the Ed Choice scholarship, and the Autism Scholarship. Students are admitted as early as 18 months, all the way till senior year at high school

Springfield is home to two institutions of higher learning, Wittenberg University and Clark State Community College.

Wittenberg University is a Lutheran university that was founded in Springfield in 1845. It is a four-year private liberal arts university. It has more than two thousand students and a faculty of more than one hundred ninety five. It is situated on a campus of one hundred and fourteen rolling acres, shaded by many majestic trees. It is one of the most highly rated liberal arts universities in the nation, offering more than seventy majors, which include those in the sciences as well as in the arts. Wittenberg has more than one hundred fifty campus organizations, which include ten national fraternities and sororities. It has its own WUSO radio station and newspaper. The University is best known for its music department and its athletic endeavors. Wittenberg is also distinguished by its strong interdisciplinary programs such as East Asian Studies and Russian Area Studies. Recently majors in Management, Communication, Education are also becoming popular. The University made major renovations to its science facilities with the opening of the Barbara Deer Kuss Science Center in 2003.

The city is also home to Clark State Community College. Clark State Community College was founded in 1962 under the name of the Springfield and Clark County Technical Education Program as a technical education college for Clark County, Ohio and the surrounding area. It changed its name in 1966 to Clark County Technical Institute. The Ohio Board of Regents accredited it as Ohio's first technical college. It is now called Clark State Community College and has more than one thousand students. It offers courses in business, health, public services, engineering technologies, agriculture and general studies.

Media
In 2009, during a scene of the movie X-Men Origins: Wolverine, "Springfield, Ohio" is listed in the scene caption as the location of a carnival where Victor Creed/Sabretooth finds Chris Bradley/Bolt working as a game booth attendant.

The Springfield News Sun, The Wittenberg Torch, WEEC-FM radio, WUSO-FM radio are the city's main media organizations.

Notable people
The following are notable people born and/or reared in Springfield:
 * Berenice Abbott - photographer
 * Randy Ayers - assistant coach of the Washington Wizards, former assistant coach of the Orlando Magic and former head coach of Ohio State and the Philadelphia 76ers, and his brother, Tim Ayers, the city's former mayor
 * Dave Burba - major league baseball player
 * William R. Burnett - novelist and screenwriter
 * Garvin Bushell – musician (saxophone, clarinet, etc.)
 * Justin Chambers - former model and actor (in the cast of Grey's Anatomy)
 * Lewis Strong Clarke - Louisiana sugar planter and Republican politician in 19th century
 * Call Cobbs, Jr. - jazz pianist
 * Jason Collier - professional basketball player
 * Andrew Daniel - winner of Big Brother 5
 * Mike DeWine - former US Senator for Ohio and present Ohio Attorney General
 * Wayne Embry - professional basketball player
 * Felicia Fox - Adult Entertainment Performer
 * Lillian Gish - actress from the silent film era and after
 * Luther Alexander Gotwald Prof., D.D. - tried for and acquitted of Lutheran heresy at Wittenberg College in 1893.
 * Albert Belmont Graham - Founder of 4H
 * Harvey Haddix - major league baseball player
 * Robert C. Henry - first African American mayor of any city
 * Dustin Hermanson - major league baseball player
 * Dave Hobson - Former U.S. Congressman for Ohio's Seventh District
 * Griffin House - singer-songwriter
 * Elwood V. Jensen – biologist
 * Jimmy Journell - major league baseball player
 * Bradley Kincaid -America's first country music star. He performed on WLS, WBZ, and WLW.
 * David Ward King - inventor of the King road drag
 * Brooks Lawrence - major league baseball player
 * John Legend (aka John Stephens) - singer, musician, R&B and neo-soul pianist
 * Lois Lenski - author and illustrator of children's fiction, including Strawberry Girl
 * Deborah Loewer - U.S. Navy flag officer
 * Luke Lucas - major league baseball player
 * Johnny Lytle - jazz musician
 * Will McEnaney - major league baseball player, pitcher for the Cincinnati Reds
 * Davey Moore - Boxer, World Featherweight Title holder 1959-1963
 * John Newbrough - writer of the Oahspe
 * Troy Perkins - professional soccer player
 * Carl Ferdinand Pfeifer - Presidential aide
 * Coles Phillips - early 20th century illustrator, inventor of the "fade-away" girl
 * Robert Bruce Raup - Professor, Teachers College, Columbia University, writer, and critic of American Education system.
 * Alaina Reed Hall – television actress, "227 (TV series)" and "Sesame Street"
 * Dick Shatto - professional Canadian football player
 * Winant Sidle - U.S. Army Major General
 * Dann Stupp – author
 * Charles Thompson - jazz musician
 * Tommy Tucker (aka Robert Higginbotham) - jazz musician
 * W. D. Twichell - surveyor
 * Christopher J. Waild - screenwriter
 * Earle Warren - jazz saxophonist with Count Basie
 * Walter L. Weaver - U.S. Representative from Ohio
 * Rick White - major league baseball player
 * Worthington Whittredge - Hudson River School painter
 * Jonathan Winters - actor and comedian

Sister cities
Springfield has four sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
 * 🇷🇸 - Kragujevac, Serbia
 * 🇦🇺 - Casey, Australia
 * 🇷🇴 - Piteşti, Romania
 * 🇩🇪 - Wittenberg, Germany