July 12

Events

 * - 's garrison surrenders, ending the two-year ., who has negotiated the surrender, raises the banners of the and of the  leaders , , and  on the city's walls and towers.
 * - King marries his sixth and last wife,  at.
 * - forces under the  capture  after a seven month siege.
 * -, the first printed in a , is published.
 * -   - The armies of  defeat those of the former.
 * -   - The decisive victory of 's forces in.
 * - - :  cannons start firing on  at, from.
 * - The is passed in France by the.
 * - Former  dies after being shot in the.
 * - Sixteen  leave the  and form the.
 * - : The invade  at.
 * - authorized by the.
 * - A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in [Saint-Gervais-les-Bains|Saint Gervais].
 * -, attacks, a  swam 15 miles upstream and attacked three people, killing two.
 * -, , opened by King.
 * 1932  -  establishes a  record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against  on a pitch affected by a storm.
 * - The passes the first federal  law in the : 33 cents per hour.
 * - Tragedy in village, near . Italian fascists shot 91 men aged from 15 to 60 years, took 889 people to concentration camps, burned 515 buildings, and took all cattle from the village. Although the perpetrators of this crime were known, they were never prosecuted.
 * - : -  and  forces engage in largest  engagement of all time.
 * - becomes.
 * -, the main of the , is founded.
 * 1960  -, the drawing toy goes on sale.
 * - the played their first gig at the Marquee club in London.
 * - Six days of s begin in that will claim the lives of 27 people.
 * - A destroys the entire 6th floor of the  of the.
 * - declare independence from.
 * - The island nation of declares independence from.
 * 1979  - During a  between the  and the, riots occurred at  to what became known as.
 * - A 7.8  off the shore of,  launches a devastating , killing 202 on the small island of.
 * - : The of  orders  to recognize s.
 * - is officially appointed.
 * - is enthroned as ruler of the.
 * - initiates.

Births

 * -, Roman military and political leader (d. ) (born either July 12 or )
 * -, Japanese (d. )
 * -, Spanish poet and composer (d. ?)
 * - Tsar (d. )
 * -, Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire (d. )
 * -, American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d. )
 * -, Italian composer (d. )
 * -, English potter (d. )
 * -, French priest and saint (d. )
 * -, English civil engineer (d. )
 * -, American writer and philosopher (d. )
 * -, French painter (d. )
 * -, Russian philosopher (d. )
 * - Sir, Canadian physician and author (d. )
 * -, German anthropologist (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, American inventor (d. )
 * -, French physician (d. )
 * 1863  -, German physicist (d. )
 * -, American botanist (d. )
 * -, German poet (d. )
 * - (d. )
 * -, French poet (d. )
 * -, American film director (d. )
 * -, Italian painter and sculptor (d. )
 * -, Danish film director and actor (d. )
 * -, Polish writer and painter (d. )
 * -, Norwegian soprano (d. )
 * 1895  -, American architect (d. )
 * 1895  -, American lyricist (d. )
 * -, Chilean poet, laureate (d. )
 * -, American comedian (d. )
 * -, American actor and comedian (d. )
 * 1909  -, German civil engineer (d. )
 * -, American physicist, laureate
 * -, American artist
 * -, Canadian journalist and writer (d. )
 * 1920  -, American actress (d. )
 * -, French Canadian ice hockey player
 * -, U.S. Senator from Oregon
 * -, Argentine scientist (d. )
 * -, American automobile executive
 * -, American chemist, laureate
 * -, Canadian actor, director, and writer
 * -, American runner
 * -, American author
 * -, American pianist
 * -, American comedian and actor
 * 1937  -,  -
 * 1937  -, French Canadian singer
 * -, American baseball player
 * 1938  -, Dutch swimmer
 * -, American driver (d. )
 * -, Australian rugby league footballer
 * -, British singer, musician, and songwriter
 * 1943  -, American film editor
 * -, Japanese martial artist and actor
 * -, Welsh rugby union footballer
 * -, American singer
 * 1948  -, American fitness trainer
 * 1948  -, American actor
 * -, American Team Owner, and car dealer.
 * -, American drummer (d. )
 * 1950  -, French Canadian ice hockey goaltender
 * -, American film producer
 * 1951  -, American actress
 * 1951 -, Hungarian soprano
 * 1951  -, American actor
 * -, Serbian inventor and writer
 * -, German footballer
 * -, American singer
 * 1956  -, Dominican professional baseball player
 * -, American astronaut (d. )
 * -, English actress
 * -, Anglo-American philosopher and sociologist
 * -, New Zealand comedian
 * -, American guitarist
 * 1962  -, Mexican boxer
 * 1962  -, English football manager
 * -, English musician
 * 1964  -, English television presenter
 * -, American singer
 * -, English comedian
 * 1967  -, American guitar player
 * 1967  -, Canadian athlete
 * -, French swimmer
 * -, American actress
 * 1969  -, American guitarist  (d. )
 * -, South Korean actor
 * -, American figure skater
 * -, American basketball player
 * 1972  -, American musician
 * -, American rapper
 * 1973  -, Italian football player
 * -, Dutch singer
 * 1974  -, Greek footballer
 * 1974  -, American professional wrestler
 * -, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1976  -, British actress
 * 1976  -, American singer
 * -, English footballer
 * 1977  -, American actor
 * 1977  -, American musician
 * 1977  -, American professional wrestler
 * -, American actor
 * 1978  -, American actress
 * 1978  -, New Zealand actress
 * -, Greek basketball player
 * -, South African singer/songwriter
 * -, Italian footballer
 * -, Japanese volleyballer
 * -, British singer
 * 1984  -, Northern Irish footballer
 * -, Albanian singer
 * 1985  -, Russian supermodel
 * -, South African rugby player
 * -, Canadian singer
 * -, American actor

Deaths

 * -, wife of (b. )
 * -, Japanese shogun (b. )
 * -, Dutch writer and philosopher
 * -, English explorer (b. )
 * -, Italian printmaker (b. )
 * -, French astronomer (b. )
 * -, English admiral
 * -, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. )
 * -, Italian composer (b. )
 * -, Governor of New France
 * -, German flutist and composer (b. )
 * -, 1st (b. )
 * -, Norwegian author (b. )
 * -, 4th First Lady Of The United States (b. 1768)
 * -, British engineer and aviator (b. )
 * -, Croatian explorer (b. )
 * -, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (b. )
 * -, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the (b. )
 * -, Norwegian-American inventor and industrialist (b. )
 * -, French military officer (b. )
 * -, American general, received Medal of Honor (b. )
 * -, German field marshal (b. )
 * 1945  -, Russian mathematician (b. )
 * -, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. )
 * -, first (b. )
 * -, American socialite and interior decorator (b. )
 * -, Canadian author (b. )
 * -, American band leader (b. )
 * -, French Canadian professional wrestler (b. )
 * -, American actor (b. )
 * -, American soul singer (b. )
 * -, British musician, played with , (b. )
 * -, Brazilian journalist and football manager (b. )
 * -, British photojournalist (b. )
 * -, American television journalist (b. )
 * 1996  -, American musician and keyboardist  (b. )
 * -, French Canadian artist (b. )
 * 1998  -, American folk songwriter and musician (b. )
 * -, British actor (b. )
 * -, American musician (b. )
 * -, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (b. )
 * - Lord, Chief executive of British Airways since its privitisation. (b. )
 * -, Australian radio personality. (b.)
 * -, Iconic Boston street figure. (b. )

Holidays and observances

 * - (2nd day).
 * - Day (also known as  or, see ).
 * Sunset and sunrise occur along 's street grid centerline.
 * The Annual Irish Orange Order Drumcree March.
 * Sunset and sunrise occur along 's street grid centerline.
 * The Annual Irish Orange Order Drumcree March.
 * The Annual Irish Orange Order Drumcree March.

Liturgical feasts

 * ,, confessor (Translation of -)
 * , pope, martyr
 * , martyrs Salzburg, Osnabrück, Paderborn, France, Aquileia
 * , abbot, confessor common
 * , pope, martyr
 * , bishop, confessor
 * , martyrs common
 * , bishop, martyr (Translation)
 * ,, confessor
 * i - (Sts. Peter and Paul, ).
 * , virgin, martyr Salzburg and Suffragans
 * , virgin, martyr Salzburg and Suffragans