Zalaegerszeg

Zalaegerszeg is a town in Zala County, Western Transdanubia Region Hungary. Zalaegerszeg (Jegersek; Jageršek; Egersee) is the administrative center of Zala County in western Hungary.

Location
Zalaegerszeg lies on the banks of the Zala River, close to the Slovenian and Austrian borders and 220 km west-southwest of Budapest by road.

History
The area was already inhabited in the Upper Paleolithic, according to archaeological findings (the oldest ones in Zala county.) Later the area was inhabited by Celts.

The first written mentions of the town are as Egerscug (1247) and Egerszeg (1293); the name means "alder-tree corner" and is probably a reference to the town's situation in the angle where two rivers meet. King Béla IV donated the town to the diocese of Veszprém in 1266, so that it became church property. As Egerszeg lay somewhat distant from Veszprém, however, the taxes paid by the town often ended up in the pockets of such local oligarchs as the Kőszegi family.

In the 14th century Egerszeg was the largest town of the area. Between 1368 and 1389 it was a royal town for a short time, then Sigismund I donated it to the Kanizsai family who traded it for another town with the bishop of Veszprém. Zalaegerszeg remained their property until 1848.

In 1381 the town built a stone church. In 1421 Egerszeg was granted oppidum status, which meant they could pay taxes once a year and the citizens could elect their own judge. The population grew quickly, and by the 16th century Egerszeg became the de facto centre of Zala comitatus.

In the 1530s development was brought to a halt. Taking advantage of the power of the king being weakened, the owners of the surrounding lands attacked the town often, and the Ottomans already began to occupy Hungary after the Battle of Mohács in 1526. From 1568 the town was fortified, a castle was built. The Ottomans attacked the town for the first time in the late 1570s, but they failed to capture it.

After Kanizsa fell to the Ottomans, the strategic importance of Egerszeg grew, but the castle was severely damaged in 1616 and captured by the Ottomans for a short time in 1664. The citizens suffered not only from the war, but from plagues and heavy taxes as well.

Egerszeg, even though it was on the periphery of the comitatus, became its capital in the 18th century, mostly because the councils were always held there, because of its importance in the Ottoman times and because it wasn't the estate of a local lord, unlike the other towns in Zala. The county hall was built between 1730 and 1732 in Baroque style, and for a long time it was the only significant building of the town. In the 1760s a large church and a barracks was built. Most of the citizens still not owned stone-built houses, and fires often destroyed the town, until 1826, when stone buildings were built.



Until the early 19th century there were only a few craftsmen and merchants in the town, because they had to pay taxes to the bishop who owned the city. By the 1830s 10% of the residents of the mostly Roman Catholic town were Jewish, but even they did not give a boost to trade. Because of this, even though the town was the centre of administration, economically and culturally it wasn't really important. Even though it had about 3500 residents, it had only two primary schools. The cultural centres of the comitatus were Kanizsa and Keszthely.

Zalaegerszeg played only a minor role in the revolution and freedom fight in 1848-49. In 1870 it lost its town status and became a village, which meant a decrease in prestige, even more so, since Nagykanizsa kept its town status. On May 31, 1885 Zalaegerszeg became a town again. In 1887 the village of Ola was annexed to the town. In 1890 the railway line between Ukk and Csáktornya (Croatian: Čakovec) connected Zalaegerszeg to the railway system of the country. In 1895 several new buildings were built, including a new secondary school, a town hall, a hotel, a nursery school and a brick factory, but the town ran into debt and the mayor, Károly Kovács had to resign. His successor, Lajos Botfy decreased the debt and could continue the development of the town, but in the early 20th century Zalaegerszeg was still behind the other county seats in many ways. The 1920s brought prosperity again; new buildings included the new post office, the railway station, the office of the fire department, the police headquarters, the monastery of the Notre Dame Order and a synagogue in Baroque style.

The most significant loss in World War II was the deportation of the 1221 Jewish citizens to Auschwitz. The city was freed from the Nazis by the Red Army on March 28, 1945. On the next local elections in 1949 the local branch of the Communist party got only about 10% of the votes, still they became the leaders of the city.

The 1950s brought important changes. Zalaegerszeg got a more industrial profile with the construction of the textile factory and the discovery of oil resources in 1952. The railway line was expanded, too. Lots of workers were commuting from the nearby villages, because it was almost impossible to find a flat in the city, so several residents of Zalaegerszeg (mostly those who were considered to be opposed to the Socialist system) were forced to relocate.

The citizens took part in the revolution in 1956. The revolution in the city began on October 26. The communist local government fled to Körmend, and until the arrival of the Soviet troops (November 4) the city was governed by the Revolutionary Council.

In the 1960s and 1970s the city experienced a demographic explosion. Several new flats were built, new residents moved into them, and the growing city absorbed many surrounding villages (Csácsbozsok, Botfa, Zalabesenyő, Bazita, Andráshida, Pózva). Albeit at a slower pace, it continues to expand toward the settlements of Bocfölde and Bagod.

After the end of Socialism, Zalaegerszeg wasn't affected by economic recession as much as other cities were. The 1990s brought dynamic development to the city.

Zalaegerszeg hosted the 1983 World Orienteering Championships. In 2001, Zalaegerszeg hosted the Central European Olympiad in Informatics (CEOI). Zalaegerszeg also hosted the 2004 European Women's Handball Championship preliminary round, the 2005 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship and the 2005 European Fencing Championships.

Main sights

 * Roman Catholic church (Baroque)
 * Old county hall (18th century)
 * Hevesi Sándor Theatre
 * Göcsej Museum and open air museum
 * Museum of Oil Industry
 * Kisfaludi Strobl collection
 * Bazita Peak TV Tower

Sport

 * Zalaegerszegi TE, local football team
 * Zalakeramia-ZTE KK Professional Basketball team

Demographics
In 2001 Zalaegerszeg had 61,654 inhabitants (95.5% Hungarian, 1% Romani, 0.4% German...). The distribution of religions were, 71.1% Roman Catholic, 3.8% Calvinist, 1.6% Lutheran, 11.6% Atheist (2001 census).

Notable people

 * Ferenc Deák (1803–1876), member of parliament, minister of justice
 * Miklós Gábor (1919–1998), actor
 * Dezső Keresztury (1904–1996), critic, literary historian
 * Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl (1884–1975), sculptor
 * Károly Kovács (1839–1904), mayor
 * József Mindszenty (1892–1975), cardinal, archbishop of Esztergom
 * Lajos Portisch (1937-), chess player
 * Gyula Wlassics (1852–1937), minister of education
 * Lajos Vajda (1908–1941), painter
 * László Andor (*1966) EU-Commissioner

Twin towns — Sister cities


Zalaegerszeg is twinned with:
 * 🇦🇹 Klagenfurt, Austria
 * 🇧🇦 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * 🇧🇬 Dobrich, Bulgaria
 * Varaždin, Croatia
 * 🇫🇮 Varkaus, Finland
 * 🇩🇪  Kusel, Germany
 * 🇩🇪 Marl, Germany
 * 🇮🇹 Gorizia, Italy
 * 🇵🇱 Krosno, Poland, since 2000
 * Târgu Mureş, Romania
 * 🇷🇺 Surgut, Russia
 * Lendava, Slovenia
 * 🇺🇦 Kherson, Ukraine