Ludhiana district

Ludhiana district is one of the 19 districts in the state of in North-West. city which is district headquarters is the hub of industry in Punjab. The main industries are parts and.

History
Ludhiana gets its name from the, which is believed to have founded the city in. During the reign of, Ludhiana became an important British cantonment. Initially, in, Ranjit Singh occupied Ludhiana. However, in, the British decided to curb his advance eastward and sent troops to confront him. Ranjit Singh was forced to sign the treaty of 'perpetual friendship' with the British, which confined his activities to the right bank of the Sutlej. British troops were permanently stationed in Ludhiana and the states came under British protection.

Location
Ludhiana is one of the centrally located cities of Punjab, which is located on the Grand Trunk Road from Delhi to Amritsar & on the latitude 30.55 North & longitude 75.54 East in the state of Punjab in Northern India.

Ludhiana is the most centrally located district which falls in the Malwa region of the state of Punjab. For administrative purposes it has been placed in the Patiala division. It lies between north latitude 30°-34' and 31°-01' and east longitude 75°-18' and 76°-20'. It is bounded on the north by the, which separates it from. The river also forms its northern boundary with. On other sides it shares common boundaries with in the east,  in the west, and  and s in the south and southeast, respectively.

Topography
The topography of the district is typical representative of an. It owes its origin to the aggravation work of the Sutlej River. The deposited by the river has been worked over by the wind, which gave rise to a number of small dunes and sand mounds. Most of these dunes have been leveled by the agriculturists of the district.

The district can be divided into the flood plain of the Sutlej and the upland plain.

Climate
The climate of the district is characterized by dryness except a brief spell of season in a very hot summer and a bracing winter. The cold season is from mid-November to the early part of March. The succeeding period until the end of June is the hot season. July, August and half of September constitute the southwest of monsoon. The period of mid-September to about the middle of November may be termed as post-monsoon or transitional period. June is generally the hottest month. Hot and scorching dust-laden winds blow during summer season. December and January are the coldest months.

Rainfall
The rainfall in the district increases from southwest toward the northeast. About 70% of the rainfall is received during the period of July through September. The rainfall between December and March accounts for 16% of the rainfall the remaining 14% rainfall is received in the other months of the year.

Rivers and drains
The and its tributary, the, constitute the chief hydrographic features of the district. A brief description of these is as follows.


 * Sutlej River: It takes its origin from in . After flowing through  territory, it  from the . Just about, 32 km east of the boundary of Samrala Tehsil, it flows due west along the top of the district for 96 km and turns, as it leaves Jagraon tehsil, slightly north toward its junction with Beas at Harike. It maintains an east-west direction. It has been devastating during its flooding fury. The Sutlej has experienced a westward drift during recent times. Old towns and villages, such as , , and , were built on its banks. The river has since been dammed at Bhakhra, which has considerably checked its flooding menace in the district.


 * Budha Nallah: It runs parallel to Sutlej, on its south for a fairly large section of its course in the district and ultimately joins Sutlej at in the northwestern corner of the district. It is a flooding stream during the rainy season, but in the dry season it can be crossed on foot at certain points. Ludhiana and  are situated to the south of the Budha Nallah . The water of the stream becomes polluted after it enters Ludhiana City.

Demographics
Total geographical area of the district is 3767 km². The total population of the district as per 2001 census is 3,030,352 (rural: 1,339,566; urban: 1,690,786). The density of population per km² is 804 persons.


 * Area (in km²): 3,767
 * Total population: 3,030,352
 * Male: 1,661,329
 * Female: 1,369,023
 * Females per thousand males: 824
 * Density of population (per km²): 804
 * Literacy%: 76.54
 * % of workers in total population: -
 * % increase in population (1981–91): 24.79
 * % of SC population: -