Lancaster, Pennsylvania

Lancaster is a city in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is the county seat of Lancaster County and one of the oldest inland cities in the United States. With a population of 59,322, it ranks eighth in population among Pennsylvania's cities. The Lancaster metropolitan area population is 507,766, making it 101st among US metropolitan areas.

Lancaster was home to James Buchanan, the nation's 15th president, and to congressman and abolitionist Thaddeus Stevens.

The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, manufacturing, and professional services, and it is home to the Park City Center shopping mall. A controversial citywide video surveillance system includes the most outdoor cameras per capita of any US city.

Locally, Lancaster is pronounced, rather than the wider American pronunciation  -kast-ər.

History
Originally called Hickory Town, the city was renamed after the English city of Lancaster by native John Wright. Its symbol, the red rose, is from the House of Lancaster. Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn, and was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734. It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818. During the American Revolution, it was briefly the capital of the colonies on September 27, 1777, when the Continental Congress fled Philadelphia, which had been captured by the British. After meeting one day, they moved still farther away, to York, Pennsylvania. Lancaster was capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812, after which the capital was moved to Harrisburg.

In 1737, the Lancaster County Prison was built in the city, styled after Lancaster Castle in England. The prison remains in use, and was used for public hangings until 1912.

The first paved road in the United States was the former Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike, which makes up part of the present-day U.S. Route 30. Opened in 1795, the Turnpike connected the cities of Lancaster and Philadelphia, and was designed by a Scottish engineer named John Loudon MacAdam. Lancaster residents are known to use the word, "macadam", in lieu of pavement or asphalt. This name is a reference to the paving process named by MacAdam.

The city of Lancaster was home to several important figures in American history. Wheatland, the estate of James Buchanan, the fifteenth President of the United States, is one of Lancaster's most popular attractions. Thaddeus Stevens, considered among the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives, lived in Lancaster as an attorney. Stevens gained notoriety as a Radical Republican and for his abolitionism. The Fulton Opera House in the city was named for Lancaster native Robert Fulton, a renaissance man who created the first fully functional steamboat. All of these individuals have had local schools named after them.

After the American Revolution, the city of Lancaster became an iron-foundry center. Two of the most common products needed by pioneers to settle the Frontier were manufactured in Lancaster: the Conestoga wagon and the Pennsylvania long rifle. The Conestoga wagon was named after the Conestoga River, which runs through the city.

In 1803, Meriwether Lewis visited Lancaster to be educated in survey methods by the well-known surveyor Andrew Ellicott. During his visit, Lewis learned to plot latitude and longitude as part of his overall training needed to lead the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

In 1879, Franklin Winfield Woolworth opened his first successful "five and dime" store in the city of Lancaster. The F. W. Woolworth Company is succeeded by Foot Locker.

Lancaster was one of the winning communities for the All-America City award in 2000.

Geography
Lancaster is located at 40°02'23" North, 76°18'16" West (40.039860, -76.304366), and is 368 ft above sea level.

The city is located about 34 mi southeast of Harrisburg, 70 mi west of Philadelphia, 55 mi north-northeast of Baltimore and 87 mi north of Washington, D.C.

The nearest towns and boroughs are Millersville (4.0 miles), Willow Street (4.8 miles), East Petersburg (5.3 miles), Lititz (7.9 miles), Landisville (8.6 miles), Mountville (8.8 miles), Rothsville (8.9 miles), and Leola (8.9 miles).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.4 square miles (19.2 km²), of which, 7.4 square miles (19.2 km²) of it is land and 0.14% is water.

Demographics
As of the 2010 census, the city was 55.2% White, 16.3% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 3.0% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian, and 5.8% were two or more races. 39.3% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.

As of the census of 2000, there were 56,348 people, 20,933 households, and 12,162 families residing in the city. The population density was 7,616.5 people per square mile (2,940.0/km²). There were 23,024 housing units at an average density of 3,112.1 per square mile (1,201.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 61.55% White, 14.09% African American, 0.44% Native American, 2.46% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 17.44% from other races, and 3.94% from two or more races. 30.76% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In 2000, 24.34% of Lancaster residents were of Puerto Rican ancestry. The city has the highest concentration of Puerto Ricans in Pennsylvania. For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as the "Spanish Rose." Lancaster celebrates its Hispanic heritage once every year with the Puerto Rican Festival.

There were 20,933 households out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.4% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.5% under the age of 18, 13.9% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,770, and the median income for a family was $34,623. Males had a median income of $27,833 versus $21,862 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,955. 21.2% of the population and 17.9% of families were below the poverty line. 29.2% of those under the age of 18 and 12.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Poverty in Lancaster is twice the state's average, and public school records list more than 900 children as homeless.

Schools
There are 23 Elementary, 10 Middle, and 3 High Schools within 5 School districts.

Elementary

 * Centerville Elementary (Hempfield School District)
 * Rohrerstown Elementary (Hempfield School District)
 * Nitrauer Elementary (Manheim Township School District)
 * Bucher Elementary (Manheim Township School District)
 * Schaeffer Elementary (Manheim Township School District)
 * Neff Elementary (Manheim Township School District)
 * Brecht Elementary (Manheim Township School District)
 * Fritz Elementary (Conestoga Valley School District)
 * Smoketown Elementary (Conestoga Valley School District)
 * |UFMuVlg=&sid=15 Elizabeth Martin Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Thomas Wharton Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Wickersham Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Hamilton Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Fulton Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Lafayette Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Ross Elementary(The School District of Lancaster)
 * George Washington Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * James Buchanan Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Burrowes Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * |UHO7S5k0E=&sid=13 Martin Luther King Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Carter & McRae Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * John Price Elementary (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Hambright Elementary (Penn Manor School District)

Middle

 * Manheim Township Middle (Manheim Township School District)
 * Neff Sixth Grade (Manheim Township School District)
 * Conestoga Valley Middle (Conestoga Valley School District)
 * Centerville Middle (Hempfield School District)
 * Manor Middle (Penn Manor School District)
 * John Reynolds Middle (The School District of Lancaster)
 * |eNe2aM=&sid=5 Abraham Lincoln Middle (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Wheatland Middle (The School District of Lancaster)
 * Edward Hand Middle (The School District of Lancaster)
 * McCaskey Campus (The School District of Lancaster)

High

 * Manheim Township High (Manheim Township School District)
 * Conestoga Valley High (Conestoga Valley School District)
 * McCaskey High (The School District of Lancaster)

Economy
Lancaster suffers from high unemployment, especially in the southeastern quadrant. In 1999, this area, which includes census tracts 8, 9, 15, and 16, had unemployment rates of 10.9%, 10.1%, 3.5%, and 9.0% respectively, while the rate for the rest of the county was 4.9%. The Lancaster County Workforce Investment Board sees a persistent problem in underemployment: "People are working but surviving just on the edge of poverty." Outside the city, however, employment has increased 18% by adding 34,900 jobs between the years 1999 and 2002.

Lancaster City has been in the process of recreating itself recently with an explosion of specialty shops, boutiques, bars, clubs, and reinvestment in downtown institutions and locations. Central to those plans was the building of the Lancaster County Convention Center Authority. The convention center opened June 24, 2009. The building of the center was a source of great debate within the community.

There are also plans to convert an area of unused polluted industrial grounds (i.e., Brownfields), which were once occupied by Armstrong World Industries, into playing fields for Franklin & Marshall College. This action is expected to take up most of the former industrial site. The Northwest Corridor will be developed with funds from Lancaster General Hospital. The hospital plans to create a mixed-use development which will add several city blocks to Lancaster’s grid. F&M's former president, John Fry, orchestrated the construction of new dormitories and apartments for Franklin & Marshall students along Harrisburg Pike.

Another Brownfields site is Burle Business Park, the City's only commercial and industrial park. Devoted to adaptive re-use, this facility originally opened in 1942 as a U.S. Navy electronics research, development and manufacturing plant that was operated by RCA. The Navy facility was purchased after World War II by RCA. Burle Business Park was originally occupied by Burle Industries, the successor company to the RCA New Products Division following the 1986 acquisition of RCA by General Electric Company (GE). The GE acquisition of RCA resulted in the divestiture of this facility and the electronic business, but GE retained certain environmental liabilities that were subdivided into a separate parcel. Burle Industries is a major manufacturer of vacuum tube products, including photomultiplier tubes, power tubes, and imaging tubes. and is the largest U.S. manufacturer of photomultiplier tubes. Burle Industries has completed a voluntary clean-up under the Pennsylvania Land Recycling Program ("Act 2").

Shopping
In addition to Lancaster's plethora of urban boutiques and shops, there is the Park City Center within the City of Lancaster, Lancaster County, the largest enclosed shopping center in South Central Pennsylvania. The mall includes an excess of 150 stores and is anchored by The Bon-Ton, Boscov's, JCPenney, Kohl's, and Sears. Park City opened in September 1971.

Built in 1889, the Lancaster Central Market is the oldest continuously operated farmers market in the United States, and many tourists come to purchase the handmade Amish goods that are not commonly found elsewhere. Central Market is also the center of the city's growing 'green' movement, allowing people to purchase organic and/or locally grown foods. Central Market is listed with the National Register of Historic Places, and its towers are of the Romanesque Revival style. The market underwent renovations beginning in July 2010, during which certain sections were closed off; though it remained in operation during this time.

Lancaster also has two outlet shopping centers, both of which are located in East Lampeter township on U.S. Route 30. Named the Tanger Outlets and Rockvale Outlets, each of these locations contains over 100 stores.

Top employers
According to Lancaster's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Crime
Crime in Lancaster City has shortened since 2006. Gang activity in Lancaster is common, however, organized crime exists in Lancaster City. This includes the Bloods, Crips, Mara Salvatrucha, Latin Kings and smaller neighborhood gangs. Various small crimes such as attempted homicides and robberies occur monthly and some could possibly be gang related. Route 222 in Lancaster has been used to move drugs between Reading, Pennsylvania and Lancaster City.

Green Roofs
Lancaster has one of the highest rates of green roof space per capita in the US. With the recent addition to the roof of Tellus360 on East King Street, Lancaster now has 70,000 sqft of green roofs for a city with a downtown population of 65,000. The owners of the store blogged the entire process of building the green roof on their website.

Government
Lancaster operates under a Mayor / Council form of Government. The City has a full range of services including Public Safety, Health, Housing, Parks, Streets & Highways, Water operations and Sewer operations. Rick Gray is the 43rd mayor of Lancaster city The City Council is composed of seven members: President Louise B. Williams, Patricia A. Coller, Joseph R. Morales, Nelson M. Polite, Sr., Tim J. Roschel, Todd E. Smith, and Jose E. Urdaneta.

Fire Department
The city of Lancaster is protected 24/7, 365 by the 72 professional firefighters of the City of Lancaster Bureau of Fire and Rescue. The Bureau of Fire and Rescue operates out of 3 Fire Stations, located throughout the city, as well as a storage facility. The Bureau also operates a fire apparatus fleet of 3 Engines, 2 Trucks, and a Shift Commander, as well as numerous special, support, and reserve units. The Bureau responds to, on average, approximately 3,250 emergency calls annually. The current Fire Chief is Tim Gregg.

As of Spring, 2011, due to budget cuts, the department plans to reduce personnel on duty from four platoons to three platoons, as well as rotating the an Engine and a Truck out of service for each day, reducing the total day-to-day number of fire apparatus on-duty from 3 Engines and 2 Trucks to 2 Engines and 1 Truck.

Fire Station Locations and Apparatus
 * Fire Station # 1 – 425 W. King St. – Downtown
 * Rescue Engine 1
 * Truck 2(Quint)
 * Shift Commander
 * Deputy Chief
 * Utility 1
 * Utility 2
 * Fire Station # 3 – 333 E. King St. – East End
 * Rescue Engine 3
 * Engine 6(Reserve)
 * Truck 1(Quint)
 * Command Van
 * Fire Station # 6 – 843 Fremont St. – Cabbage Hill
 * Engine 2(Foam Unit)
 * Fire Headquarters – 100 S. Queen St., Suite 103 – Downtown
 * Storage Facility(Ex. Fire Station # 4) – New Holland Ave. and Fountain Ave. – Sixth Ward
 * Rescue Engine 5(Reserve)
 * Maintenance Vehicle
 * Foam Trailer

Police Department
The city of Lancaster is protected by the City of Lancaster Bureau of Police. Founded in 1865, the Bureau of Police is located at 39 W. Chestnut St. in Downtown Lancaster, and consists of approximately 147 sworn officers and 46 civilian employees. The Bureau of Police operates out of twelve sectors, or districts, and operates in four Divisions, including Patrol, Criminal Investigative, Administrative Services, and Contracted Services. The Bureau also remains the largest law enforcement agency in Lancaster County. The current Chief of Police is Keith R. Sadler.

Politics
Lancaster tends to be a Democratic Party stronghold. Registered Democrats hold a 13,000 voter registration advantage over registered Republicans, as of June 2009. U.S. presidential candidate Barack Obama easily won the city of Lancaster, receiving 76% of the vote during the 2008 presidential election.

Federally, Lancaster is part of Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district, represented by Republican Joe Pitts, elected in 1996.

The state's senior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Bob Casey, elected in 2006. The state's junior member of the United States Senate is Republican Pat Toomey, elected in 2010. The Governor of Pennsylvania is Republican Tom Corbett, elected in 2010. Additionally, the city of Lancaster is the headquarters of the Constitution Party, the largest third party in the United States.

Lancaster was home to Democrat James Buchanan, the fifteenth president of the United States. Buchanan arrived in Lancaster in 1809 to practice law. He took up residence near the courthouse on N. Duke Street. In 1848 he purchased Wheatland, a Federal style mansion in the suburbs. He was elected President in 1856.

Security Camera Controversy
Not long after a police officer was wounded in a February 17, 2000 daytime shootout near the center of Lancaster's Penn Square, community residents, law enforcement and elected official sought viable solutions to rising crime. Addressing issues of public safety was a goal when the Lancaster County Crime Commission convened in August 2000. Public meetings and discussions were held over a two year period. Among the seventeen recommendations in the Crime Commission's 2003 Report was the recommendation to explore the feasibility of a civilian-driven system of security cameras to support law enforcement and first responders. Lancaster's citizens expressed a desire to avoid a government or police operated system of cameras. The  Lancaster Community Safety Coalition (LCSC) was registered with the state of Pennsylvania as a nonprofit in 2004 to carry out the implementation and operation of a video surveillance system. Paid LCSC staff are FBI background checked and trained to monitor the network of 164 closed-circuit TV cameras in the city of Lancaster.

In 2009, the LCSC's expansion from a 70 to a 165 camera network attracted national attention, including a front page Los Angeles Times article called "Lancaster, Pa., keeps a close eye on itself". The article quoted city police chief Keith Sadler as saying "Years ago, there's no way we could do this...It brings to mind Big Brother, George Orwell and 1984. It's just funny how Americans have softened on these issues."

Prior to the publication of the Los Angeles Times article, there had been little public outcry in response to the expanding CCTV camera system, which had contributed to the resolution or prevention of several crimes. However, the national attention led to an immediate backlash by a small but vocal group of "mobilized opponents aimed at turning off the cameras, possibly for good." MSNBC commentator Keith Olbermann used the story in his 'Worst Person in the World' segment, "calling out the 'citizen patriots of Lancaster, Pennsylvania' and criticizing them for spying on each other", and the surveillance system was also featured on ABC's "Nightline" and "CBS Evening News".

Although public opinion was initially mixed among Lancaster residents, statistical and anecdotal data suggest that the network of cameras is achieving the desired effect. In the fall of 2010, the Lancaster Community Safety Coalition was among several factors credited for a 13.7% drop in Lancaster's violent crime rate according to the FBI's Unified Crime Report (UCR). Property crime dropped 7.1% during the same period. Neighboring cities have not experienced similar reductions in crime. Although in the year 2010, cameras only helped solve 28 of the 6,653 crimes committed in the city in the year 2010. Although the year of 2009 received a reduction in violent crimes of over 13% and recorded 465 violent offenses, the following year of 2010 saw a rise in violent offenses. Violent offenses jumped from 465 in 2009 to 511 in 2010. Lancaster Community Safety Coalition had a success rate of preventing and helping police catch a suspect in .037% of crimes committed and Lancaster is seeing far more unsolved homicides since the installation of the cameras.

Neighborhoods

 * Cabbage Hill/The Hill (Named for the large amount of cabbage used by those of German heritage who lived in this area )
 * Conestoga Township (Home of the Conestoga Wagon)
 * Downtown/Center City
 * Downtown Investment District
 * East End
 * Gallery Row/Arts District
 * Grandview Heights
 * Manor Township
 * North Side
 * Northeast Side
 * Northwest Corridor
 * Penn Square
 * Sixth Ward
 * South Side
 * Southeast Side
 * Southwest Side
 * Uptown
 * West End
 * Woodward Hill

Transportation
The Red Rose Transit Authority (RRTA) provides local bus transit to Lancaster City as well as surrounding areas in Lancaster County. RRTA is headquartered outside the City of Lancaster.

Bieber Trailways (formerly Capitol Trailways) provides intercity bus transit from the Lancaster Train and Bus Station to King of Prussia, Philadelphia, and New York City to the east, and York and Harrisburg to the west.

Amtrak also serves the Lancaster Train and Bus Station, located on the northernmost edge of the city at 53 East McGovern Avenue. The Pennsylvanian, with service between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, as well as the Keystone Service, which runs from Harrisburg to New York, both serve Lancaster. The city is served by the Lancaster Airport, located six miles (10 km) north of downtown and just south of Lititz.

Lancaster is also a hub for automobile traffic, with so many major roadways passing through or around the city, including US-30, US-222, PA-283, PA-72, and PA-272.

Historical landmarks
Many of Lancaster's landmarks were relevant places in local, state, and national history.


 * Central Market (Lancaster)- built in 1889, is the oldest, continuously-run farmers market in the United States.


 * Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church- built in 1879, the church's congregation aided African-Americans fleeing the oppression of slavery in the Southern United States, thus one of many stops on the Underground Railroad.


 * Fulton Opera House- the oldest continually running theater in the United States, and is one of only three theaters recognized as National Historic Landmarks (the others are the Walnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia and the Goldenrod Showboat in St. Louis, Missouri).


 * Hamilton Watch Complex- former factory and headquarters of the Hamilton Watch Company, which introduced the world's first battery-powered watch, the Hamilton Electric 500 in 1957.


 * J. P. McCaskey High School- was built in 1938, and is designed in the Art Deco architectural style.


 * Lancaster County Prison- built in 1849, is a near-replica of the Lancaster Castle in England.


 * Rock Ford Plantation- built in 1794, was the home of General Edward Hand, adjutant general to George Washington during the American Revolutionary War.


 * W. W. Griest Building- listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places since June 25, 1999. It was built in 1925 in the Beaux-Arts style using granite, limestone, terra cotta, synthetics, and asphalt.  The building is named after William Walton Griest, a former Pennsylvania representative. It is also the second-tallest building in the city.


 * Wheatland- the historic estate of James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States.

Art and museums
The city of Lancaster hosts several museums that preserve its important contributions to society. The Demuth Museum is located in the former home of a well-known Lancaster painter named Charles Demuth. Additional art museums include the Lancaster Museum of Art and the Philips Museum of Art on the campus of Franklin & Marshall College. Art students at the state-of-the-art Pennsylvania College of Art and Design present their works at the academy's gallery that is open to the public. Another newly constructed museum, completed in 2007, is the Lancaster County Quilts and Textile Museum that celebrates the hand-sewn quilts and other textile items produced by the region's Amish and Mennonite communities. Lancaster also possesses two other museums that pay homage to its unique Pennsylvania Dutch heritage with the Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society Museum and the Heritage Center Museum. Children can have a hands-on experience with educational learning at the Hands-on House, also known as Children's Museum of Lancaster. Nature and geology-minded visitors can view the more earthly exhibits of the Louise Arnold Tanger Arboretum and the North Museum of Natural History and Science. Upon completion, the Lancaster County Convention Center will incorporate the Stevens and Smith Historic Site, a museum that will include the preserved home of Thaddeus Stevens and his confidante Lydia Hamilton Smith. In addition to its exhibits, the underground portion of the site will feature a recently discovered Underground Railroad feature: a converted water cistern utilized in the nineteenth century to hide runaway slaves escaping to freedom. In the surrounding county, the Landis Valley Museum in Manheim Township, Lancaster County contains exhibits that illustrate Lancaster County's history and culture. LancasterARTS, a non-profit organization, started in 2002 to promote local arts in Lancaster.

Baseball
After 44 years without professional baseball, the Lancaster Barnstormers arrived to fill the void left by the departed Red Roses. The Barnstormers are named after the barnstorming baseball players who played exhibition games in the surrounding county, as well as a reference to the county's many farms. The Barnstormers continue a couple of traditions of the old Red Roses, as their official colors are red, navy blue, and khaki, the same colors used by the Red Roses. More importantly, the Barnstormers continue the old "War of the Roses" rivalry between Lancaster and the nearby city of York, contending with the York Revolution.

The city of Lancaster is the hometown of Major League alumnus, Tom Herr. Herr played for the Philadelphia Phillies, the New York Mets, the San Francisco Giants, and finally with the St. Louis Cardinals. After his time in the Majors, he coached the Black Knights baseball team of Hempfield High School for several years. Herr joined the Lancaster Barnstormers for their inaugural season in 2005 as the manager. After a dismal 2005 season, he led the Barnstormers to their first-ever championship in 2006, against the Bridgeport Bluefish. Two of Tom's sons, Aaron and Jordan, both play professional baseball on Major League-affiliated clubs. Aaron is a member of the Louisville Bats, the AAA-level affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds. Jordan joined his hometown Barnstormers for the 2008 season in lieu of completing his senior year at the University of Pittsburgh. Following the completion of the Barnstormers' 2008 season, Jordan piqued the interest of the Chicago White Sox, who allocated him to their Rookie-level Great Falls Voyagers.

Basketball
Professional basketball briefly returned to Lancaster in 2009 with the Liberty. The team participated in the now-defunct Global Professional Basketball League 2.

Bicycling
The Lancaster Bicycle Club hosts an annual Covered Bridge Metric Century bicycle race. In 2010, more than 2,500 riders participated. The 2011 ride is scheduled for August 21.

The city of Lancaster hosted the Tom Bamford Lancaster Classic, an international, professional bicycle racing event held each June since 1992. It was part of the 2006–2007 UCI America Tour and the 2007 USA Cycling Professional Tour.

Golf
Professional golf is well-represented by the Professional Golf Association's Jim Furyk. He placed 4th in the 1998 and 2003 Masters tournament, won the 2003 U.S. Open, placed 4th in the 1997, 1998, and 2006 British Open, and placed 6th in the 1997 PGA championship. Furyk also won the Vardon Trophy in 2006. He is an alumnus of Manheim Township High School, located in the immediate suburb of Manheim Township.

The 2015 U.S. Women's Open will be held at the Lancaster Country Club.

Soccer
The Women's Premier Soccer League added the Lancaster Inferno in the 2008 season. The WPSL is a FIFA-recognized Division IV league, and is also included in the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid. The Inferno is owned by the Pennsylvania Classics organization and play their home games at the Hempfield High School stadium in Landisville. The Inferno's colors are orange, black, and white.

A Lancaster native named Julian Valentin plays for FC Tampa Bay of USSF Division 2 Professional League. He is also a member of the Under-20 United States men's national soccer team, and played in the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Valentin made his professional debut on October 26, 2008 versus FC Dallas.

Amateur sports in Lancaster
Lancaster's suburban area hosts several amateur sports teams. Ice hockey is represented by the Central Penn Panthers, a member of the junior-level Atlantic Metropolitan Hockey League, and the Lancaster Firebirds, a youth amateur ice hockey organization of the USA Hockey's Atlantic District. American football is represented by the Lancaster Lightning, a member of the semi-professional North American Football League, that plays in nearby Kinzers. A close cousin of American football, rugby, is represented by the Roses Rugby Football Club of the Mid Atlantic Rugby Football Union, of which the Roses RFC are the 2005 champion. Roller derby is represented by the Dutchland Derby Rollers, an all-female roller derby team which plays to raise money for various charities, currently ranked #23 in the world by Derby News Network.

Historical Lancaster teams
All of Lancaster's defunct teams either were members of a professional baseball or basketball league. The most well-known of the city's former teams were the Lancaster Red Roses of the Eastern Professional Baseball League that played from 1906 to 1909, and from 1940 to their last season in 1961. The Red Roses were known as the Lancaster Maroons from 1896 to 1899 and the Lancaster Red Sox in 1932.

The most well-known of Lancaster's former basketball teams were the Lancaster Red Roses of the Continental Basketball Association from 1946 to 1949, and from 1953 to 1955. The Continental Basketball Association later hosted another Lancaster team called the Lightning from 1981–1985. The Lightning later moved to Rockford, Illinois, where they played until the 2007 season. The most recent basketball team to play in Lancaster was the Storm of the Eastern Basketball Alliance from 1997 to 2000. This team won the league championship in 1999.

Inventions



 * The first battery-powered watch, the Hamilton Electric 500, was released in 1957 by the Hamilton Watch Company.
 * Peeps, an Easter confection shaped as marshmallow chicks covered with yellow sugar, were invented by the Rodda Candy Company of Lancaster in the 1920s. In 1953, Rodda was purchased by Sam Born, the Russian immigrant who invented ice cream "jimmies", and production was moved to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Education
Education in Lancaster is provided by many private and public institutions. The School District of Lancaster runs the city's public schools. The local high school campuses are McCaskey and McCaskey East. Established in 1836, it is the second oldest school district in Pennsylvania. Lancaster Catholic High School has a long history in the county; it was founded in 1926. It currently falls under the jurisdiction of the diocese of Harrisburg. With a P-12 enrollment of more than 500 students, Lancaster Country Day School is one of the region's largest independent nonsectarian schools. Founded in 1908 as the Shippen School for Girls, the school became coeducational and relocated from downtown Lancaster to its Hamilton Road address in 1949.

Lancaster area hosts several colleges and universities including: Consolidated School of Business, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster General College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Lancaster Theological Seminary, Lancaster Bible College, Pennsylvania College of Art and Design, Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Central Pennsylvania College,and the Harrisburg Area Community College.

Print
See also: List of newspapers in Pennsylvania in the 18th-century: Lancaster
 * Intelligencer Journal, the county's predominant newspaper
 * La Voz Hispana, the city's Spanish-language edition
 * Sunday News, the county's weekly edition
 * Fly Magazine, Lancaster City's Downtown Guide

Local businesses
The businesses that are based in the vicinity of Lancaster include: Armstrong World Industries, Auntie Anne's, Fulton Bank, Fulton Financial Corporation, Herley Industries, Isaac's Restaurant & Deli, Kunzler & Company, Inc., Lancaster Brewing Company, Lancaster Laboratories, MapQuest,  Opening Day Partners, Y&S Candies division of The Hershey Company, and the Lancaster Caramel Company (the original parent company of the Hershey Company).

Sister cities

 * Flag of Israel.svg Beit Shemesh, Israel
 * Flag of Japan.svg Sano, Tochigi, Japan