1268

War and politics

 * - The are defeated by  of  in the.
 * -, the last legitimate male heir of the dynasty of  and s, is executed along with his companion  by , a political rival and ally to the hostile.
 * King launches a war against.
 * The county of become a vassal state of the  of.
 * The first rises to prominence with the marriage of  to King 's daughter,, heiress to the lordship of Bourbon.
 * for the election of the are established in  in order to reduce the influence of powerful individual families.
 * dies; the following fails to choose a new  for almost three years, precipitating the later creation of stringent rules governing the electoral procedures.

Culture

 * completes the famous al -style at the.
 * The in  is first recorded.
 * In, the use of as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of  is made compulsory.
 * In, Guta was founded (currently ).

Asia

 * - The, a , falls to the Sultan  in the ; Baibars' destruction of the city of  was so great as to permanently negate the city's importance.
 * The, a six-year battle between the  and the  forces of , begins in what is today.
 * sends an emissary to the of  demanding an acknowledgment of souzerainty and payment of ; the Japanese refuse, starting a diplomatic back-and-forth lasting until the  attempt to invade in.
 * An in  kills an estimated 60,000 people.

Births

 * (died )
 * of China (died )
 * (died )

Deaths

 * -, Duke of Swabia (executed) (born )
 * - (executed) (born )
 * -, Prince of Black Ruthenia
 * , Grand Justiciar of Sicily
 * , English jurist
 * (born )
 * (born )

In fiction

 * 's novel  explores an alternative history in which 's execution is averted by wandering s.