Lord of Mann


 * For the head of state pre-1504, see King of Mann.

The title Lord of Mann (Çhiarn Vannin) is used on the Isle of Man to refer to the island's Lord Proprietor and head of state. The current holder of the title is Queen Elizabeth II.

Relationship with the Crown
The title is not correctly used on its own. Since 1399, the Kings and Lords of Mann existed in a position of feudality as vassals of the reigning King of England, and subsequently of Great Britain and the United Kingdom, who was the ultimate sovereign of the island. This right of 'Lord Proprietor' was revested into the Crown by the Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765 and hence ceased to exist separately. King George III became the first British monarch to rule the Isle of Man as 'Lord of Mann' in 1765. However, for reasons of culture and tradition, the title Lord of Mann continues to be used. For these reasons, the correct formal usage, as used on the Isle of Man for the Loyal Toast, is The Queen, Lord of Mann.

The title is now Lord of Mann regardless of gender. However, during her reign, Queen Victoria was styled as Lady of Mann.

The formal Latin style is Dominus Manniae.

List of Lords

 * Prior to 1504, the ruler of the Isle of Man was generally styled King of Mann.

16th century

 * Thomas, Earl of Derby, 1504–1521
 * Edward, Earl of Derby, 1521–1572
 * Henry, Earl of Derby, 1572–1593
 * Ferdinando, Earl of Derby, 1593–1594

Succession dispute (1594–1607)
In 1598, a succession dispute between the daughters of Ferdinando and their uncle, William, Earl of Derby was heard by the Privy Council. They decided that the right to the Isle of Man belonged solely to Queen Elizabeth I, and the letters patent of 1405 which conferred the lordship of the Isle of Man on the Stanley family were declared null and void as the previous ruler, Henry, Earl of Northumberland, had not been subject to legal attainder, despite his treason, and the 1405 and 1406 letters patent had therefore not taken effect.

The Queen, in consideration of the "many eminent services performed to herself and to her royal predecessors by the honourable and noble House of Stanley", withdrew her right and referred the contending claimants to the decision of the Privy Council as to the best claim of inheritance.

The Law Lords on the Privy Council decided "the grant being by letters patent under the Great Seal of England, such right would descend according to the Common Law of England to the heirs general, and not to the heirs male", and the island was therefore awarded to Ferdinando's daughters; whereupon William agreed to purchase their several shares and interests.

The original letters patent having been declared void, the Parliament of England in 1609 under James I passed a Private Act of Parliament entitled "An Act for assuring and establishing the Isle of Man in the name and blood of William, Earl of Derby" [(1609) 7 Jac.1 c.4] which established the title in law as Lord of Mann. The lordship was conferred by letters patent dated 7 July 1609 upon William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby. Subsequent succession was under the terms of this grant.

Interim Lords (1607–1609)
Following the resolution of the succession dispute, it was ruled that the daughters of Ferdinando Stanley were the rightful heirs. As the oldest of them would not reach the age of majority until 1609, two temporary Lords of Mann were appointed by James I by letters patent, so that the daughters could benefit from the Island's revenues.
 * Henry, Earl of Northampton, 1607–1608
 * Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 1608–1609

Following the coming of age of the heirs, the rights over the island were sold to their uncle, William Stanley. He took up the title of Lord of Mann following the passing of an Act of Parliament.

17th and 18th centuries

 * William, Earl of Derby, 1609–1612
 * Elizabeth, Countess of Derby, 1612–1627
 * James, Earl of Derby, 1627–1651 (known as 'the Great Stanley')
 * Thomas, Lord Fairfax of Cameron, 1651–1660 (appointed by Oliver Cromwell during the English Interregnum)
 * Charles, Earl of Derby, 1660–1672 (restored by Charles II)
 * William, Earl of Derby, 1672–1702
 * James, Earl of Derby, 1702–1736
 * James, Duke of Atholl, 1736–1764
 * Charlotte, Duchess of Atholl and John, Duke of Atholl, 1764–1765

Revestment
In 1765, Charlotte Murray, Duchess of Atholl, 8th Baroness Strange, sold the suzerainty of the island to the British government for £70,000 and an annuity of £2,000 (£5,235,000 and £150,000 respectively in modern terms). By the passage of the Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765 the title of Lord of Mann was revested into the British Crown. It has therefore since been used on the Isle of Man to refer to the reigning Monarch of the United Kingdom.

All remaining rights and property of the Dukes of Atholl on the island were sold to the British government in 1828 for the sum of £417,144 (over £20,000,000 in modern terms). This was accomplished by two Private Acts of Parliament:


 * "An Act empowering the Lords of the Treasury to Purchase all the Manorial Rights of the Duke of Atholl in the Isle of Man" [c. 34] 10 June 1824
 * "An Act to empower the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury to purchase a certain Annuity in respect of Duties and Customs levied in the Isle of Man, and any reserved sovereign rights in the said Island belonging to John Duke of Atholl" [c. 34] 10 June 1825