1000

The year 1000 of the was the last year of the  as well as the last year of the  of the. 1000 was a.

China
In what is today China, the remained the world's most populous empire and continued to thrive under. By the late 11th century, the Song Dynasty had a total population of some 101 million people, an average annual output of 125,000 tons produced a year, and bolstered its  with the world's first known.

Europe
Speculation that the world would end in the year 1000 was confined largely to Christian monks in France, as most clerks at the time used s — i.e. the fourth year of the reign of, etc. The use of the ""  was confined to the  and other chroniclers of.

Western Europe began to cross over from the into the  beginning around 1000, as marked by numerous distinct changes in Western European life: the rise of the s, the reawakening of widespread city life, the appearance of the, the revival of long-distance trade that reconnected Europe with the Mediterranean world, the founding of the first , the rediscovery of , and the beginnings of vernacular literature, to name a few. The papacy at this time remained firmly under the control of Holy Roman Emperor — the self-proclaimed "Emperor of the World".

In Eastern Europe, the continued to thrive during its Golden Age in what is today primarily Greece and Turkey. Constantinople, with a population of about 300,000, dwarfed the Western cities of Rome and Paris, which at this time had populations of about 35,000 and 20,000, respectively.

The continued in eastern and western Europe much as it had for the previous two centuries, with Viking trade, raids, and culture influencing much of European life. It was in the year 1000 that landed in what is today, naming it.

Islamic world
The was experiencing a  around the year 1000 and continued to flourish under the  (including the,  and  s), which included what is now the , ,  and. By 1000, Muslim traders and explorers had established a across the  leading to a, establishing the Arab Empire as the world's leading.

The of the  also reaches its zenith during this time, with the emergence of the first al s and the, which would form the basis of.

Most of the leading scientists around the year 1000 were, including (Alhacen), , ,  (Abulcasis), ,  (Kuhi), , , , , , , and  (al-Karkhi), among others.

In particular,, , , and , who all flourished around the year 1000, are considered among the greatest scientists in history.

Africa

 * The arrive in present-day  and, soon outnumbering the native.

Americas

 * lands in, calling it.
 * ends.
 * are one of many small groups fighting for land and water (approximate date).

Asia

 * ,, is founded.

Europe



 * —, Notable naval battle of the.
 * — The foundation of the, is established as a  kingdom by.
 * becomes King of.
 * becomes King of,.
 * establishes control over part of.
 * , is founded. (The exact year is debatable, but the 1000 year anniversary was held in year .)
 * makes pilgrimage from to  and , stopping at , , , and .  (with ) was part of . In , he builds the basilica of , to host the relics of St..
 * founded in.

Religion

 * expands.
 * and.
 * The of  is founded.
 * The in  is founded; the first  is, from.

Science and Technology

 * in the reaches its zenith, with the emergence of the first al s and the, which would form the basis of.
 * i  and scientist,  (Alhacen), who is considered the father of, the pioneer of the , and the "first ", moves to , where he invents the , and writes his influential , which introduces the , and drastically transforms the understanding of , , , and  in general.
 * Muslim polymath and scientist,, who is considered the father of and the "first ", writes books on many different topics, and rejects many theories which cannot be verified through ation.
 * Persian Muslim scientist and physician,, who is considered the father of , publishes ', an influential book which maintains that medicine should be known through either ation or . He also publishes ', where he hypothesizes two causes of s: "Either they are the effects of upheavals of the crust of the earth, or they are the effect of water, which, cutting itself a new route, has denuded the valleys."
 * , (Abulcasis), the "father of modern ", publishes his influential 30-volume medical encyclopedia, the , which remains a standard textbook in the  and  for centuries.
 * Arab ian and, , publishes his astronomical treatise Al-Zij al-Hakimi al-Kabir, and invents the.
 * Persian Muslim physicist and mathematician, (Kuhi), discovers that the  of bodies vary with their distance from the  of the Earth, and solves s higher than the.
 * Persian Muslim astronomer and mathematician,, invents the and first states a special case of.
 * is discovered by, but it is uncertain who discovers it first between , , and.
 * is founded in by
 * is invented in.

World Population

 * 310,000,000.

Births

 * (d. )
 * , ruler of (d. )
 * , Arab rhetorician (d. ?)

Deaths

 * —, killed at the (b. ).
 * , and.
 * (Kuhi),, mathematician and astronomer.
 * , writer and traveller.
 * , Arab and.
 * , second wife of.
 * , Toltec ruler (approximate date).
 * , Toltec ruler.
 * , murdered by his nobles.
 * , Chinese general.
 * , Saxon nun.
 * , Saxon nun.