1863

Year 1863 () was a (link will display the full calendar) of the  (or a  of the 12-day slower ).

January - March

 * signs the during the second year of the  making 's abolition in the rebel states an official war goal.
 * The first claim under the is made for a farm in
 * Ground is broken in on the construction of the  in the.
 * is founded at the in,.
 * Ground is broken in on the construction of the  in the.
 * is founded at the in,.


 * - The first section of the Railway opens (Paddington to Farringdon Street).
 * - : - General  and Admiral  capture the  for the Union.
 * - founded.
 * - The broke out in,  and . The aim of the national movement was to regain  from occupation of Russia.




 * - sinks attempting to enter  in, with the loss of 189 lives.
 * The world-famous midgets and  get married in .  takes an entrance fee.
 * patents the.
 * - is established – the first  created under the 1862.
 * - is organized as a.
 * - Abraham Lincoln signs the  into law.
 * is organized by the.
 * is signed - leads a week-long
 * - Marriage of to.
 * - The, described as the most powerful cruiser and said to have been owned by the real , was destroyed on her maiden voyage, while attempting to run the  into , . Lost to history, the wreck was discovered March 19, 1965, exactly 102 years later by then teenage diver and adventurer.
 * - Prince Wilhelm George of Denmark is chosen as King.
 * - The, described as the most powerful cruiser and said to have been owned by the real , was destroyed on her maiden voyage, while attempting to run the  into , . Lost to history, the wreck was discovered March 19, 1965, exactly 102 years later by then teenage diver and adventurer.
 * - Prince Wilhelm George of Denmark is chosen as King.

April - June

 * - The end of the in.
 * declared His station as "". This date is celebrated in the as The Festival of.
 * launch a reprisal raid in the, killing a number of civilians.
 * - the in  - 65 soldiers of the  fight 2000  - three of them survive the battle.
 * - - : General  defeats Union forces at the  with 13,000 Confederate casualties, among them  lost to friendly fire, and 17,500 Union casualties.
 * - After a two-month siege, the French army of takes.
 * - : The begins (ends Saturday, ).8600 union 30,189 confederate men surrendered
 * , Louisiana by Union forces.
 * formed.
 * founds the Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein (, ADAV), the first socialist workers party in Germany.
 * The starts.
 * - : starts
 * - : The, the first regiment, leaves  to fight for the Union.
 * - First running of the horse race.
 * - : : A garrison is defeated by the  in the  town of.
 * - : in the.
 * - is admitted as the 35th.
 * - First running of the horse race.
 * - : : A garrison is defeated by the  in the  town of.
 * - : in the.
 * - is admitted as the 35th.
 * - is admitted as the 35th.

July - September

 * - - : Union forces under  turn back a Confederate invasion by  at the, the largest battle of the war. 28,000 Confederate casualties, 23,000 Union.
 * - : -  and the Union army capture the Confederate city, after the town surrendered. The siege lasted 47 days.
 * - The ends and the Union controls the entire Mississippi River for the first time.
 * - : American Civil War : In, opponents of begin three days of violent rioting, which would later be regarded as the worst in the history of the.
 * - : The first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war. Their colonel was shot leading attack and was buried with his men. 450 union/ 175 confederate
 * - : ends - At, Confederate cavalry leader  and 375 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
 * - : of the  tribe signs the, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern.
 * - : Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President (Davis will refuse the request upon receipt).
 * - : In, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held . Bombardment will not end until Thursday,
 * - : attacked by 's raiders in the, killing an estimated 200 men and boys. The raid would become notorious in the North as one of the most vicious atrocities of the Civil War.
 * - : evacuate  and  in.
 * - of -, the first American educational institution outside the United States is founded by, an American philanthropist.

October - December

 * - The starts operations in ; this is now the oldest  on the, the largest  system in the  and one of the largest in the world.
 * - : - Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union army out of.
 * - : The first successful, the sinks during a test, killing  (its inventor) and a crew of seven.
 * -, the are signed
 * Sixteen countries meeting in agree to form the.
 * - Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant ward-off a Confederate attack led by General . Union forces thus open a into.
 * - The death of King and his succession by his distant cousin  marks the beginning of the Second Schleswig-Holstein crisis.
 * - : - Near, Confederate troops led by General James Longstreet unsuccessfully attack Union forces under General.
 * - : begins - Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee under siege (the two week long siege and one failed attack was unsuccessful).
 * - King of  decided to sign, which declared  as part of Denmark, what was seen by the  as a violation of the  and lead to the.
 * - : Union President Abraham Lincoln delivers the at the military cemetery dedication ceremony in.
 * - : begins - Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee and counter-attack Confederate troops.
 * - : - Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General.
 * - : - At  in, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.
 * - : - Union forces under General  position against troops led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee (Meade's forces could not find any weaknesses in the Confederate lines and gave up trying after five days).
 * - : Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio state prison and return safely to the South.
 * End of term for, 8th . He is succeeded by.
 * End of term for, 8th . He is succeeded by.

Undated

 * secretly backs the revolt of against the an Blanco government
 * draws the modern for , although Santa existed previously.
 * becomes the capital of the, after its ; moved their chambers from.

Ongoing Events

 * The (-)

January - June

 * -, French founder of the modern Olympic Games (d. )
 * -, Indian religious leader (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, English cricketer (d. )
 * -, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (d. )
 * -, American pathologist (d. )
 * -, Austrian field marshal (d. )
 * -, English automobile pioneer (d. )
 * -, Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (d. )
 * -, American sculptor (d. )
 * -, English cricketer (d. )
 * -, Yugoslavian conductor (d. )
 * -, English fashion designer(d. )

July - December

 * -, Canadian explorer (d. )
 * -, British 1915–1916 (d. )
 * -, English actor (d. )
 * -, American automobile manufacturer and industrialist (d. )
 * -, Hungarian author (d. )
 * -, American author, screenwriter and naturalist (d. )
 * -, Scottish politician, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, American film comedian (d. )
 * -, Canadian strongman (d. )
 * -, English statesman, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, 19th century baseball pioneer (d. )
 * -, oil pioneer and businessman, known as the "Prophet of " (d. )
 * -, Italian composer (d. )
 * -, American astronomer (d. )
 * -, Norwegian painter (d. )
 * , American Presidential candidate (d. )
 * -, Archduke of Austria (d. )

Deaths

 * Dost Mohammad Khan, Wazir-i-azam of Kabul, King-Regent of Kabul, Emir of Kabul, King of Kandahar (b. )

January - June

 * -, Swiss mathematician (b. )
 * -, American Confederate general (b. )

July - December

 * -, Major General in the
 * -, first (b. )
 * -, French painter (b. )
 * -, French author (b. )
 * -, German folklorist (b. )
 * -, Marshal of France (b. )
 * -, American railroad engineer (b. )
 * -, King of Denmark (b. )
 * -, German writer (b. )
 * -, British novelist (b. )


 * See also .