Sharukan



Sharukan (on behalf of the Polovtsian Sharu Khan, Bowl (k) -hana) - the city of the XI - beginning of XIII centuries on the territory of the land Polovtsian. Also in the Russian annals was called Osev.

Location
- The exact location of the city is not installed. According to historians, localization is most likely on the Kharkov (right) side of the Seversky Donets (according to the chronicles, in the military transition from it), in the area of ​​the cities of Chuguev 28 км от Харькова) — Змиёва (42 км от Харькова) — Харькова. (possibly named after the Polovtsian Khan Chugai, 28 км от Харькова) — Змиёва (42 км от Харькова) — Харькова. 28 km from Kharkov ) - Zmiev (42 km from Kharkov ) - Kharkov. Academician B. A. Rybakov identified Sharukan with the Donetsk settlement (10 km from the center of Kharkov).

In local history sources of Kharkiv region, this city is also located near the city of Izyum. A. P. Chernykh (Donetsk) was looking for Sharukan on the left bank of the Seversky Donets east of Red Oskol.

There are theories about the location of the city practically in modern Kharkov - on University Hill (Prof. Aristov)  or near the village of Rogan. Some historians believe that Sharukan / Sharuk-Akhan / Haruk-Akhan / Harukan is the etymological source of the name of the hydronym Kharkov, which gave the name to the toponym - the city of Kharkov. (Officially, the history of modern Kharkov begins in the XVII century ).

Origin of the name The word "Sharukan" is of Turkic origin.[ source not specified 120 days ] According to the linguistic version, this is “the shepherds' camp”: from the “ball” - a shepherd and “can” - a place.[ source not specified 120 days ] According to the historical version, Sharukan (s) is the name of the Polovtsian Khan.

Population Sharukan was considered a Polovtsian town, but the basis of its population were sedentary and self-governing jars ( Alans ).[ source not specified 120 days ] This conclusion can be made on the basis of the Tale of Bygone Years, where it is said that Yaropolk brought the Prince's daughter from Don Yaska and also that the inhabitants of the settlement met Russian soldiers with fish and wine in 1111.

History Supposedly, the city of Sharukan arose on the basis of the Alans settlement, had a mixed population and was a winter refuge for the Polovtsy. The city consisted of a relatively small number of stone buildings and a much larger number of nomads' yurts.

In 1111 and 1116, Sharukan was taken by the troops of Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh and other princes.

In 1111, the troops of Vladimir Monomakh took Sharukan. From ancient manuscripts it is known that the battle of 1111 began because of the clash of the opposing forces of hunters. The men of Sharukani violated the prohibitions that were inviolable under Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh and were severely punished for it. The exact dates of the battle for Sharukan are unknown, but, according to the preserved chronicles, it did not last long.

In the 12th and early 13th centuries, Sharukan was neglected. In 1223 it was destroyed by the Mongols during a raid of the corps under the command of Jebe and Subedei. Polovtsi fled to the west, hoping to find allies in the face of Russia. After the Battle of Kalka, the town’s population was preserved for some time, but the repeated arrival of the Mongols, led by Batu, made the Polovtsians leave forever ( 1237 ).