18th century

The 18th Century lasted from through  in the.

Historians sometimes specifically define the 18th otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example the "short" 18th Century may be defined as -, denoting the period of time between the death of and the start of the,  while the "long" eighteenth century may run from the  of  to the  in  or even later.




 * -: supplants  as the dominant  power after the.
 * -: was a conflict which involved most of.
 * -: in.
 * : founded by . n  until.
 * -: The against the.
 * : passed merging the  and the  Parliaments, thus establishing The.
 * : After 's death, the enters a long decline.
 * -: killed one-third of 's population.


 * : First breaks out
 * : died leaving France deep in debt.
 * : City of founded by the  in


 * -: The
 * : became the first.
 * : signed, ending the.
 * : conquered Iran, ending the.
 * : of  died.
 * : abolished in Russia.  converted the household  into house.
 * : The enormous Chinese encyclopedia  of over 100 million written in over 800,000 pages is printed in 60 different copies using -based Chinese.
 * : abolished in Russia.  converted the household  into house.
 * : The enormous Chinese encyclopedia  of over 100 million written in over 800,000 pages is printed in 60 different copies using -based Chinese.


 * -: The of China oversaw a huge expansion in territory.
 * : assumed title of  of  and founded the . Ruled until his death in.
 * Chinese court painters recreate 's classic, .
 * -: across the, half the population of  died.
 * : defeated the  and sacked.
 * -: across the, half the population of  died.
 * : defeated the  and sacked.


 * : comes to power in.
 * -: killed ten per cent of the population.
 * : ns began settling the.
 * : Second began in.
 * : founded the  in modern day.
 * : founded the  in modern day.


 * : Peak of the
 * : The
 * -: fought among European powers in various theaters around the world.
 * : signaled the beginning of  rule in.


 * : became King of Britain.
 * -: Reign of of.
 * : conquered the.
 * : s conquered.
 * :  established the first of 21  in.
 * -: The killed one third of the  population.
 * :  established the first of 21  in.
 * -: The killed one third of the  population.


 * -: killed hundreds of thousands.
 * : The in.
 * -: The ended the  and erased Poland from the map for 123 years.
 * : stages a coup d'état and takes big political power, becoming almost an absolute monarch.
 * -: The was the largest peasant revolt in 's history.
 * and s are used to measure  by  on his
 * -: between British and  settlers and the s in
 * -: between British and  settlers and the s in
 * -: between British and  settlers and the s in


 * : settlers founded.
 * -: abolished in the  (first step; second step in )
 * : in  caused by  eruption.
 * : annexed the.
 * -: between the  and
 * : Freed slaves from founded  in present-day.
 * : First European settlement established in at.
 * : elected . Served until.
 * -: The
 * -: The


 * -: The
 * -: The started as the  which lead into the.
 * : founded.
 * -: against the French Republic at the time of the .[[Image:new ross.gif|right|250px|thumb|The  took place in, during the .]]
 * : between the  and  granted the  to the US.
 * : British ejected Dutch from.
 * -: The against the  in China.
 * : 's invasion and partition of the ended over 1,000 years of independence for the Serene Republic.
 * : The failed to overthrow British rule in.
 * -: between the  and.
 * : staged a  and became  of.
 * : is dissolved.
 * : staged a  and became  of.
 * : is dissolved.

Significant people

 * , Italian mathematician
 * , Afghan King
 * , Japanese writer
 * , Italian composer
 * , French mathematician, physicist and encyclopedist
 * , British monarch
 * , Mughal Emperor
 * , German composer
 * , Italian scientist, the first European female college teacher
 * , Irish empiricist philosopher
 * , French writer
 * , English philosopher and reformer
 * , Swiss mathematician and physicist
 * , English artist and poet
 * , French painter
 * , British statesman and philosopher
 * , Scottish poet
 * , Venetian adventurer, writer and womanizer
 * , Russian Tsaritsa
 * , Chinese writer
 * , French mathematician
 * , British navigator
 * , French composer
 * , French writer and philosopher
 * , Ecuadorian scientist
 * , Swiss mathematician
 * , French painter
 * , American scientist and statesman
 * , Prussian monarch
 * , English painter
 * , German mathematician, physicist and astronomer
 * , British monarch
 * , German composer
 * , German writer
 * , Italian violinist, composer, and music theorist.
 * , German-English composer
 * , American statesman
 * , Austrian composer
 * , English writer
 * , English painter and engraver
 * , Scottish philosopher
 * , American statesman
 * , English inventor of vaccination
 * , Chinese artist and scholar
 * , British writer and literary critic
 * , Austrian Emperor
 * , China
 * , German philosopher
 * , French writer
 * , Italian-French mathematician and physicist
 * , French physicist and mathematician
 * , Scottish economist
 * , Russian scientist
 * , French chemist
 * , French mathematician
 * , Italian bishop, founder of Redemptorists, Saint
 * (Carl von Linné), Swedish biologist
 * , French monarch
 * , French monarch
 * , American statesman
 * , Austrian Empress
 * , Austrian-born Queen of France
 * , Miami tribe chief and war leader
 * French writer and politician
 * , French thinker
 * , Austrian composer
 * , Persian King
 * , British intellectual
 * (Peter the Great), Russian Tsar
 * , Roman Pope
 * , French composer and chess master
 * , Portuguese Prime Minister
 * , British poet
 * , China
 * , prince of Hungary and Transylvania, Revolutionary leader
 * , French composer
 * , Italian-born Russian architect
 * , British painter
 * , French revolutionary leader
 * , French writer and philosopher
 * , French writer and philosopher
 * , Italian composer.
 * , German writer
 * , English cricketer
 * , Scottish economist and philosopher
 * , British writer
 * , English cricketer
 * , Russian military leader
 * , Swedish scientist, thinker and mystic
 * , Anglo-Irish satirist
 * , Haitian revolutionary leader
 * , Peruvian revolutionary
 * , Japanese printmaker and painter
 * , Italian composer
 * , French writer and philosopher
 * , Arab Islamic theologian and founder of Wahhabism
 * , British Prime Minister
 * , American general and first President of USA
 * , Scottish scientist and inventor
 * , French painter
 * , British churchman, founder of Methodism
 * , British writer and feminist
 * , British Prime Minister
 * , Chinese poet, scholar and artist
 * , German religious writer and bishop
 * , violin maker in Cremona, Italy

See

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

 * : The first was built by
 * : invented by.
 * : The was successfully tested by, sustainable to a depth of 55 ft.
 * c. : The navigational tool was developed by  in England, and  in
 * : Europeans discovered - the discovery was made by  while on expedition in . It was named in  by
 * c. : Modern was developed by
 * : discovered
 * : The invented by  was the first electrical
 * - : The French
 * : The English by
 * : The tallest wooden statue in the world is erected at, , China.
 * : The created by  brought on the
 * : enhances Newcomen's steam engine, allowing new  technologies
 * : The problem of was finally resolved by the fourth  of
 * –: mapped the boundaries of the  and discovered many
 * : The enormous complex of, China is completed
 * –: The huge literary compilation
 * :, foundation of the modern theory of economy, was published by
 * : was first discovered by  of the
 * : publishes a treatise about
 * : discovered by 's troops
 * Over the period to   establishes itself as the British national drink.