Napa County, California

Napa County is a located north of the  in the  of. It is part of the. As of 2000 the population is 124,279. The is. Napa County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. Parts of the county's territory were given to in 1861. The word napa is of derivation and has been variously translated as "", "house", "motherland", "fish". Of the many explanations of the name's origin, the most plausible seems to be that it is derived from the word napo meaning house, although local residents will often cite an urban legend that gives the translation as "you will always return".

Napa County, once the producer of many different crops, is known today for its, rising in the 1960s to the first rank of  regions with  and. Napa is a wine making region in the United States. The Napa wine country was the inspiration for the fictional Tuscany Valley on the nighttime .

Demographics
As of the of 2000, there were 124,279 people, 45,402 households, and 30,691 families residing in the county. The was 64/km² (165/sq mi). There were 48,554 housing units at an average density of 25/km² (64/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 79.98%, 1.32% or , 0.84% , 2.97% , 0.23% , 10.95% from , and 3.71% from two or more races. 23.67% of the population were or  of any race. 75.3% spoke, 19.5% and 1.1%  as their first language.

There were 45,402 households out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the county the population was spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $51,738, and the median income for a family was $61,410. Males had a median income of $42,137 versus $31,781 for females. The for the county was $26,395. About 5.6% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

Geography and environment
According to the, the county has a total area of 2,042 (788 ). 1,952 km² (754 sq mi) of it is land and 89 km² (35 sq mi) of it (4.38%) is water.

Napa is warmer in the summer than to the west or, a wine-producing county in southern California. Thus, the Napa wineries favor varietals such as Cabernet Sauvignon, while Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are more the specialty of Sonoma wineries and Santa Barbara wineries. At the north end of Napa County, in the, lies , the Bay Area's second tallest peak at 4,344 feet (1,323 m) and home to. At the west side of the Napa Valley is, elevation 2,750 feet (838 m).

Napa County is home to a variety of and  including numerous  and  such as  and.

History
In times the valley was inhabited by the  s, with possible habitation by  tribes in the northwestern foothills. Most villages are thought to have been constructed near the s of watercourses that drain the valley. These people were called Diggers and their food consisted wild roots,, small animals, s, s and bread made from crushed buckeye kernels. In winter they would construct huts made of tree branches. In summer they camped near rivers and streams. In winter months, they were half clad in wild animal skins and at other times they wore no clothing. The maximum prehistoric population is not thought to have exceeded 5000 persons.

In 1776 a fort was erected by the Spanish Governor, a short distance northwest of Napa, on an elevated plateau. Russians from in neighboring  grazed cattle and sheep in Napa County in the early 1800s and in 1811 a survey party from the fort placed a plaque on the summit of.

During the era between 1821 and 1846 when California was, Napa County was divided into the following 12 ranchos:

Don Francis Castro and Father Jose Altimura were the first Europeans to explore the Napa Valley in 1823. When the first white settlers arrived in the early 1830s, there were six tribes in the valley speaking different dialects and they were often at war with each other. The Mayacomos tribe lived in the area where was founded. The Callajomans were in the area near where the town of St. Helena now stands. Further south, the Kymus dwelt in the middle part of the valley. The Napa and Ulcus tribes occupied part of the area where the City of now exists while the Soscol tribe occupied the portion that  now makes up the southern end of the valley. Many of the native peoples died during a small-pox epidemic in 1838. Settlers also killed several over claims of cattle theft.

George Calvert Yount was a noteworthy early settler in Napa County and is believed to be the first resident in the county. When Yount first arrived there in 1831, he made his living hunting and trapping. In 1836 Yount obtained a grant from the Mexican government for the Caymus rancho where he built what is said to be the first log house in California. Soon afterward, he built a sawmill and grain mill and was the first person to plant a vineyard in the county. Following Yount's death in 1865 at age 71, the town of was named in his honor.

Colonel Joseph B. Chiles a guide for one of the earliest immigrant trains to California, was granted Rancho Catacula in 1844. The Town of Napa was founded by Nathan Coombs in 1847.

Following the event of the,  in 1846 and the  in 1848, settlers were granted deeds from the original ranchos during the 1850s through 1870s. To this day, a number or streets and landmarks around the valley reflect the names of these districts and original grantees.

Napa County was formed and became one of the original California counties when the state became part of the in 1849.

The county's population began to swell in mid century as pioneers, prospectors and entrepreneurs moved in and set up residence. During this period, settlers primarily raised cattle, farmed grain and fruit crops. Mineral mining also played a role in the economics of the county. While gold was being prospected in other areas of the state in the 1850s, Napa County became a center for and  mining.

Two entrepreneurs who made their mark on Napa County during the mid 1800s were and. Following his marriage to ’s niece Maria Guadalupe Soberanes, Bale became a citizen of Mexico and was granted the 17,000 acre Carne Humana Rancho in the northern end of the valley. Bale completed building the a few miles north of  in 1846. Brannan purchased land in the northern end of the valley at the foot of Mount Saint Helena and founded Calistoga. He began developing it as a resort town taking advantage of or the area’s numerous mineral hot springs. He also founded the Napa Valley Railroad Company in 1864 to bring tourists to Calistoga from that docked in. Brannan’s railroad venture failed and was sold at a foreclosure sale in 1869. The railroad eventually came under ownership of late in the 19th century.

Decedents of George Yount and Edward Bale played key roles in the early development of Napa County's wine industry. Bale's daughter Caroline married winemaker Charles Krug in 1860. Bale provided a dowry that included 20 acres (81,000 m²) of land north of St. Helena, California, Krug planted a vineyard and established the valley's first commercial winery on this land. Yount's daughter Elizabeth married Thomas Rutherford in 1864. The couple received 1040 acres (4.2 km²) of land as a wedding present from Elizabeth's father in the area of the valley now known as Rutherford. Rutherford established himself as a serious grower and producer of fine wines in the following years.

In 1866 John Lawley established a toll road from Calistoga over Mount Saint Helena to Lake County.

's book  provides a snapshot of life and insight into some of the characters that lived around the valley during the later part of the 19th century. Stevenson, accompanied by his new bride and her 12 year old son from a previous marriage  spent the late spring and early summer of 1880 honeymooning in and abandoned bunk house at a played out mine near the summit of Mount Saint Helena. In the book, Stevenson's descriptive writing style documented his ventures in the area and profiled several of the early pioneers who played a role in shaping the region's commerce and society.

The Veterans Home was established in Yountville in 1884 by the San Francisco chapter of the Grand Army of the Republic. The State of California assumed administration of the Home in 1897.

Stevenson's book also brought attention to the various spas and hot springs in the county. From Calistoga to Æetna Springs in Pope Valley to Soda Springs Resort a few miles east of Napa, tourists of the late 1800s and early 1900s made the county their destination much the same as modern day tourists. The resorts became very popular with San Franciscans anxious to escape the infamously cold and foggy weather that often plagues the city to enjoy the warmer climate that Napa County offered.

By the end of the 20th century's first decade farmers had planted over 500,000 fruit and nut trees in the county. This helped to soften the blows to the agricultural economy caused by the phylloxera infestation in the county's vineyards and upcoming prohibition that crippled the wine industry.

Growth, rural and agricultural preservation
Napa County has maintained a rural agricultural environment in a large portion of the valley floor while neighboring Sonoma, Solano and Yolo counties have allowed large tracts of former farmland to be rezoned for commercial and residential development. In 1968 vintners civic leaders in the county seized an opportunity to preserve farmland by taking advantage of the Williamson Act enacted by the California Legislature to give landowners property tax relief for designating their land for agricultural purposes. This agricultural preserve on the floor of the valley in unincorporated areas between Napa and Calistoga was the first of its kind in the state. Initially, the preserve encompassed 23,000 acres (93 km²), since founding it has grown to more than 30,000 acres (120 km²).

The county has resisted encroachment on the preserve since it was created with voters reaffirming their desire keep it intact on several occasions. In 1990 voters passed Measure J adopting an initiative freezing all county zoning changes until the year 2020 unless there is a ⅔ majority vote to adopt such changes. Measure J was reaffirmed by the California Supreme Court in 1995 in a sharply divided decision in the case of Devita v. County of Napa.

Local vintners placed further restrictions on land within as well as outside the scope of the agricultural preserve by forming the Land Trust of Napa County in 1976. The trust now covers over 50,000 acres (200 km²) and was established to assure that the land will forever remain in open space and agriculture via conservation agreements and outright land donations.

While establishment of the agricultural preserve and the land trust has slowed residential development in much of the county, residential growth within the incorporated cities has continued at a moderate pace. Several substantial homes have also been built on the hills surrounding the valley in areas not covered by the preserve or the land trust. A large portion of the land south of the City of Napa had remained undeveloped for many decades until the 1980s. Several wine bottling facilities and wine storage warehouses now stand on what was once vacant land. A number of light industries have also sprung up in this region as new business parks have been built. The growth of American Canyon, Napa County’s southernmost and newest city; incorporated in 1992 has prompted the establishment of several new retail outlets in the southern end of the county in recent years. American Canyon has also established a green belt preserve of over 1000 acres (4 km²) on the western and eastern sides of the city.

Adjacent Counties

 * - south, southeast
 * - west
 * - north
 * - east

Lakes, marshes and reservoirs

 * East Napa Reservoir
 * East Side Reservoir
 * Fiege Reservoir
 * Lake Hennessey
 * Lake Marie
 * Lake Orville
 * Lake Whitehead
 * Milliken Reservoir
 * Rector Reservoir
 * West Napa Reservoir
 * Rector Reservoir
 * West Napa Reservoir

Major Highways

 * [[Image:California 12.svg|20px]]
 * [[Image:California 29.svg|20px]]
 * [[Image:California 121.svg|20px]]
 * [[Image:California 128.svg|20px]]

Public Transportation
operates local bus service in Napa, along with an intercity route along State Route 29 between Vallejo (Solano County) and Calistoga. Limited service runs from Calistoga to Santa Rosa (Sonoma County).

Airports
is a general aviation airport located just south of the City of Napa.

Rail
Napa Valley Railroad is mostly used by the, a dining/excursion service.

Politics
Napa is a strongly county in  and  elections. The last Republican to win a majority in the county was in.

Napa is part of, which is held by Democrat. In the Napa is in the 7th Assembly district, which is held by Democrat, and the 2nd Senate district, which is held by Democrat.

Trivia

 * The default wallpaper for the operating system is, a   of a landscape in the Napa Valley, with rolling green hills and a blue sky with  and s. The photograph inspired Windows XP's 200-million   .


 * In the series, the characters would always refer to wine or champagne coming from Napa Valley as "imported". An example from the episode "Too Old Blues" when James was surprised that Florida bought champagne to celebrate his new job, she exclaimed "You told me to. We bought that imported stuff, all the way from Napa Valley, California."


 * On,  winning singer  married music executive  in Napa Valley.

Wine in Napa Valley
Napa Valley is widely considered one of the top s in California, and all of the United States with a history dating back to the early nineteenth century. By the end of the nineteenth century there were more than one hundred and forty wineries in the area. Of those original wineries several still exist in the valley today including Charles Krug Winery, Shramsburg, and Beringer. Viticulture in Napa suffered a setback when was enacted across the country in 1920. Furthering the damage was an infestation of the root louse which killed many of the vines through the valley. These two events caused many wineries to shut down and stalled the growth of the wine industry in Napa County for years. Following the, the wine industry in Napa began to thrive again.

In 1965, Napa Valley icon broke away from his family's Charles Krug estate to found his own. This was the first new large scale winery to be established in the valley since before prohibition. Following the establishment of the Mondavi estate, the number of wineries in the valley continued to grow, as did the region's reputation.

In addition to large scale wineries, Napa Valley's boutique wineries produce some of the world's best wines. The producers of these wines include but are not limited to: Araujo, Bryant Family,, Dalla Valle Maya, Diamond Creek, Dominus, Dunn Howell Mountain, Grace Family, Harlan, Husic, Kistler, , Marcassin, Screaming Eagle, Shafer Hillside Select, Sine Qua Non, and Vineyard 29.

Today Napa Valley features more than two hundred wineries and grows many different grape varieties including Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay,, , and other popular varietals. Napa Valley is visited by as many as five million people each year, making it the second most popular tourist destination in California, second only to.

Media

 * Napa Sentinel
 * KVYN FM
 * KVYN FM
 * KVYN FM