Sun Prairie, Wisconsin

Sun Prairie is a city in Dane County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. A suburb of Madison it is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. The 2010 US Census estimates the city's population to be 29,364. It is the sixth-fastest growing city in Wisconsin, and the fastest-growing among cities of 10,000 or more, growing an estimated 23.6% between 2000 and 2006. It is the second most populous city in Dane County after Madison.

History
President Martin Van Buren commissioned a party of 45 men, including Augustus A. Bird, to build a capitol for the Territory of Wisconsin in Madison. The group of men left Milwaukee on May 26, 1837, and traveled for days in the rain. On June 9, the group emerged at the edge of the prairie and with the sun shining for the first time in days, carved the words "Sun Prairie" into a tree. Charles Bird returned to the area two years later and became the first settler.

The Town of Sun Prairie was created on February 2, 1846. The city of Sun Prairie, which grew from that town, was incorporated in 1958.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.6 square miles (24.7 km²), all of it land.

Geology
The Yahara River Valley encompasses part of the city of Sun Prairie. This area contains deep glacial deposits created by the last Wisconsin Glaciation. The eastern part of Dane County, known as the drumlin and marsh physiographic area, includes most of Sun Prairie. The deposits found in this area include general glacial deposits and marsh deposits, and consist of many small drumlins interspersed with shallow glacial deposits having poorly defined drainage.

The general soils associations in the Sun Prairie area include the Dodge-St. Charles-McHenry, Plano-Ringwood-Griswold, and Batavia-Houghton-Dresden Associations. The Dodge-St. Charles-McHenry soils are found in the eastern, southern, and central portions of Sun Prairie. This association has a varied landscape, which is mostly sloping to sloping with some areas on benches and in depressions. The Dodge, St. Charles and McHenry soils are gently sloping to mostly sloping and well drained to moderately well drained. The Sable soils in this association are nearly level and poorly drained. Most of the soils in this association have moderate permeability and a high available water capacity. Most also have slight to moderate limitations for urban uses and farming.

Cityscape
The landscape of the city consists mostly of gently rolling hills and plains. The elevation of the city averages about 984 ft above mean sea level.

Sun Prairie has in recent years developed a number of traditional neighborhood developments (TND). Often referred to as "new urbanism", these neighborhoods focus on the pedestrian and the appearance of city streets. While these developments have sought to address the problems and concerns associated with conventional suburban development and urban sprawl, many occupy former farmland and undeveloped rural lands. The city's planners addressed the criticisms that they were "attempting to recreate "pretend" neighborhoods" by noting that the aim of the TND was to borrow those design ideas and features effective in older neighborhoods and adapting them to current needs.

Climate
In the Köppen climate classification, Sun Prairie is in the warm summer humid continental climate zone (Dfa). Summers tend to be hot and humid. The warmest month of the year is July, with an average maximum temperature of 82.1 F, while the coldest month of the year is January, with an average minimum temperature of 9.3 F. Temperature variations between night and day tend to be moderate during summer with an average difference of 21 F-change, and fairly limited during winter with an average difference of 16 F-change.

The annual average precipitation at Sun Prairie is 32.95 in. Rainfall in is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, and the wettest month of the year is August with an average rainfall of 4.33 in.

The city experiences a full range of weather events, including snow, ice, rain, thunderstorms, tornadoes and fog. Sun Prairie has seen historically notable tornado activity. On September 26, 1951, an F4 tornado with wind speeds between 207 and 260 mph touched down less than 20 mi from the city center, killing one person and injuring nine. On June 7, 1984, The Barneveld Tornado, an F5 tornado with wind speeds between 261 and 318 mph touched down 20.7 mi from the city center, killing nine people, injuring two hundred, and causing between $50,000 and $500,000 in damage.

Flooding
The city of Sun Prairie encounters occasional flooding because of the presence of hydric soils, spring melting and its proximity to the Koshkonong Creek. This condition is compounded by storm water runoff from development and urbanization in the upper reaches of the watershed. Many residents of the city believe that the problems with flooding are worsening, becoming more frequent over the last 14 years.

A flood on April 11, 2008, caused by heavy overnight rains that outpaced the city's storm drain system and leaked into the sewer system, resulted in flooding in residential basements. The city suffered considerably from the June 2008 Midwest floods.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 20,369 people, 7,881 households, and 5,437 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,133.7 people per square mile (823.5/km²). There were 8,198 housing units at an average density of 858.8 per square mile (331.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.68% White, 3.10% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 1.34% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.98% from other races, and 1.58% from two or more races. 2.72% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 7,881 households out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city the population was spread out with 28.5% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 33.7% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $51,345, and the median income for a family was $61,197. Males had a median income of $40,510 versus $28,786 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,277. About 3.8% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.

During the working day, Sun Prairie's population declines (due to commuting) by 2,601 (-12.8%).

Law and government
Sun Prairie has a mayor-council form of government. The mayor is elected at large every odd-numbered year. The current mayor, John Murray, was elected in April 2011. The city council consists of eight alderpersons, who along with the mayor, make up the Common Council. There are four aldermanic districts, with two alderpersons per district, each serving for two-year terms over alternating years. The Council manages the city's budget and financial operations and determines the salaries of all officers and employees of the city.

Sun Prairie has a full-time city administrator, who is responsible for the administration of the city government in accordance with the policies established by the Common Council. Other city officers consist of Assistant Administrator, City Clerk, Treasurer, Assessor, Municipal Judge, Police Chief and Fire Chief.

Representative Gary Hebl and Senator Mark F. Miller represent the City of Sun Prairie in the Wisconsin State Legislature. At the federal level, the City of Sun Prairie is represented by Ron Johnson (R) and Herb Kohl (D) in the U.S. Senate and Tammy Baldwin (D) in the House of Representatives.

Fire and police departments
Sun Prairie has a volunteer fire department that serves both the city and town of Sun Prairie, as well as the towns of Burke and Bristol. The department, which began in 1891, consists of 45 members who all maintain external jobs. The fire department has ten fire engines and one vintage vehicle, a 1927 Stoughton fire engine refurbished by a past fire department chief, which is used solely for parades.

In 2002 and 2003, the SPFD received a total of $235,575 in federal funding from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and again in 2004 and 2005 received $396,950. In 2006 and 2007, the amount of assistance was $79,519.

Media
Sun Prairie has had two local Public-access television cable TV stations, KSUN-12 and KIDS-4, for over 30 years. The latter channel, KIDS-4 is unusual in that its programming content, camera, sound, lighting and editing, writing, and direction are produced by 30 to 40 children selected each year. Historically, these children have ranged in age from nine to fourteen, but in 2000, the first high school-aged crew was introduced.

The city is served by two local newspapers: the Sun Prairie Star (formerly the Star Countryman), with a circulation of approximately 5,300, and the Hometown Advertiser with a circulation of around 35,000. Also popular is the Wisconsin State Journal, a regional newspaper.

Radio and television is available over the air and on cable/satellite from Madison.

Emergency services
The city of Sun Prairie maintains its own emergency medical service, which is a charter member of Dane County's Mutual Aid Box Alarm System (MABAS). Responding to over 2,000 calls in 2007, the department addresses medical and rescue calls in the City of Sun Prairie and the Town of Bristol in a district covering 50 sqmi with a population of nearly 30,000.

The EMS was founded in October 1977 as an extension of the local police department. The city's rapid growth affected ambulance response times negatively, and the 1980s saw the hiring of a full-time EMS director. In the 1980s and 1990s, most of the service was slowly replaced by full-time EMTs. In the 1990s, the service made a transition from EMT-basic personnel to that of intravenous technician levels and paramedic level.

Sun Prairie EMS transports to all Madison hospitals and to Columbus Community Hospital in Columbus. In 2009 St. Mary's Hospital of Madison opened a free-standing emergency room facility in Sun Prairie.

Utilities
The city owns it own utilities, the Water & Light Commission and the Water Pollution Control Facility. Sun Prairie's water is supplied from six wells pumped into the system or stored in the three water towers (Bird St, Columbus St, and Linnerud Dr), which maintain a storage capacity of 2.85 e6USgal. The bulk of the city's electricity is purchased or generated by Sun Prairie Water & Light, a Wisconsin Public Power, Inc (WPPI) member utility. Natural gas is supplied to the city by WE-Energies with headquarters in Milwaukee, WI.

Economy
General Casualty Insurance's world headquarters is in Sun Prairie, and is the city's largest employer. Other significant employers include the Sun Prairie School District and Frontier Communications.

Sun Prairie, and by proxy, Dane County, has a low unemployment rate, and in some instances the lowest of any metropolitan area in the nation. The trend represented by this and other economic factors indicates "an increase in the level of business activity and a slowdown in labor force growth, which is expected to last well into the 21st Century."

Education
The Sun Prairie Area School District administers local public education. The system, which as of the 2007-08 school year enrolled 6,024 students, consists of seven elementary schools, two middle schools, an upper-middle school and a single high school.

There are three parochial schools in Sun Prairie. Founded in 1892, Sacred Hearts School is a Catholic school serving children of pre-K through 8th grade. Two other schools, Peace Evangelical Lutheran (pre-K-8) and Calvary Baptist Christian (K-8) have smaller student bodies. Most recently, Calvary Baptist, which had a very small enrollment of only 25 students, closed the school, effective June 30, 2008.

Points of interest
Four properties in Sun Prairie are listed in the National Register of Historic Places: the Dr. Charles G. Crosse House, the Fuhremann Canning Company Factory, the Adam and Mary Smith House, and the Sun Prairie Water Tower. The Crosse House was built in 1864 by a locally prominent physician and city leader. The Fuhremann Canning Company Factory, in use from 1900 to 1974, now lies vacant. The Adam and Mary Smith House was constructed in 1879 by Adam Smith, who had come to Wisconsin to do shingle work on the Wisconsin State Capitol. The Sun Prairie Water Tower, located at the junction of Columbus, Church and Cliff Streets, was designed by Frank Stegerwald and constructed in 1912 of stone, metal and wood.

Other points of interest include:
 * The National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame at Angell Park Speedway;
 * The Youth Baseball Complex, home to baseball and softball programs, including Sun Prairie's Little League program;
 * Sun Prairie Historical Library and Museum;
 * The Sun Prairie Firemans Park in the Prairie a community-built park completed in 2007.
 * The Prairie Athletic Club has a water park called Dolphins Cove.
 * Sun Prairie Golf Course located off of Happy Valley Road
 * Sun Prairie Family Aquatic Center located down the road from The Youth Baseball Complex

Local events
Sun Prairie's own Jimmy the Groundhog is the local favorite on Groundhog Day in February, and the city has been referred to as the "Groundhog Capital of the World" in the United States Congressional Record since 1955.

In mid-June, the city holds a local Taste of the Arts fair, in conjunction with the Georgia O'Keeffe Celebration. Artwork is exhibited and instructional classes for arts and crafts are held. A Georgia O'Keeffe recreation discussion is held.

The Flags of Freedom Field Show is a day-long series of events in July, involving high-school marching band competitions that feature bands from throughout the United States and Canada. It is hosted by the Sound of Sun Prairie.

In mid-August of each year, Sun Prairie hosts a Sweet Corn Festival, which is attended by over 100,000 people from all over the Midwest. Over 70 short tons (63 t)of sweet corn are served or sold during the weekend event, which includes a carnival, a parade down Main Street and performances by local and regional musical groups.

Transportation
"1990 Census data indicates that most Sun Prairie residents drive their own vehicles to work (79.4%). A fair number of residents use carpooling as their primary transportation to work (13.4%). Other methods of transportation remain a minor factor."

Interstates

 * runs concurrently with I-90 from Illinois to Portage. In Madison, they are joined by I-94 until Portage. This overlap occurs in the area immediately between the metropolitan city of Madison and Sun Prairie.
 * runs east-west through the western, central and southern portions of the state, and is located to the west of Sun Prairie. A total of 187 mi of Interstate 90 lie in Wisconsin; the Madison exit (designated 135B) leads to US 151 North and Sun Prairie.
 * as it occurs in Wisconsin runs east-west through the western, central and southeastern portions of the state. The junction of I-90 and i-94 occurs roughly six miles to the southwest of Sun Prairie heading eastward toward Milwaukee at what is commonly known as the "Badger Interchange" where the three interstates (I-39, I-90 and I-94) meet at the eastern terminus of WIS 30.

U.S. highways

 * [[Image:US 151.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 151 (normally called U.S. Highway 151, Highway 151 or US 151) runs northeast-southwest across the eastern to southwest portions of the state. Sun Prairie is divided lengthwise by 151, southwest to northeast, having four different access points: Windsor Street, Reiner Road, Main Street and Bristol Street

Wisconsin state trunklines

 * [[Image:WIS 19.svg|20px]] Wisconsin Highway 19 (often called Highway 19, STH 19 or WIS 19) is a state highway which passes around the north side of Madison and crosses US 151 as it passes through Sun Prairie. It serves as a local connector route that links via various interchanges the communities of Sun Prairie, Watertown and Waunakee. The highway follows two lane surface road for the entire length with the exception of urban multilane arterials.

Prior to 1947, WIS 19 followed the current route of US 18 between Bridgeport and Madison. The route then passed through downtown Madison and followed then WIS 31 (part of the current US 151) to Sun Prairie. East of Sun Prairie the route followed its present day alignment to Watertown. The route then followed present-day WIS 16 to Waukesha and east from there along present-day WIS 59 into Milwaukee. When the U.S. Highway system was implemented, WIS 19's western terminus was relocated to Madison. The portion between Madison and Sun Prairie remained despite the debut of US 151 as did the eastern portion that became concurrent with US 16. In 1947, the eastern terminus was moved to Watertown, the section along US 151 was removed, and the portion between Mazomanie and Sun Prairie was implemented.

The part of WIS 19 roughly from those interstates west to WIS 113 had at one time been on the corridor of a planned beltline route around the north side of Madison. The current status of the parkway is uncertain.

County highways
Sun Prairie is bordered by the following county roads:
 * C (also named N. Grand Avenue) runs north-south and borders Sun Prairie to the west and is crossed by interchange by US 151.
 * N (also named N. Bristol Street) runs north-south and bisects a third of the city to the west and is crossed by interchange by US 151.
 * VV (also named Twin Lane Road) runs north-south and borders the city to the west and is crossed by interchange by US 151.
 * Vinburn Road, which borders the city to the north, runs west toward DeForest and east toward Columbus.

Bus service
Sun Prairie has no bus service outside of the school buses that serve area schools, but instead has provided a Shared Ride Taxi service for the past decade, whereby residents can travel throughout the city for a small charge, sometimes sharing the ride with other passengers. This service is subsidized by grants obtained by the city, which also provide for low income transit via the use of identification cards. Corner service is also available at specific street locations during the academic school year, and is intended primarily for middle-school and high school students. While the taxi service is exclusively for the city, Shared Taxi also provides for thrice-daily shuttle service (8:30 am, 12:30pm, 4:30pm) to nearby East Towne Mall, on the northeastern edge of Madison, thus allowing commuters to use the Madison Metro bus system to travel within Madison.

Airports
Dane County Regional Airport, also known as MSN Truax Field, is a commercial airport located 10 mi southwest of Sun Prairie. American has three runways there and in 2006 served over 1.6 million passengers. Other airlines serving the airport include AmericanConnection, American Eagle, Continental Airlines, Continental Connection, Continental Express, Delta, Delta Connection, Midwest Airlines, Midwest Connect, Northwest, Northwest Airlink, United, and United Express.

Railroads
Although Sun Prairie has tracks for freight trains to the south of the city, the only passenger train to serve the area (including Madison) is Amtrak's Empire Builder, which operates in the Midwestern and Northwestern United States. The route runs from Chicago to the Pacific Northwest, arriving in nearby Columbus (CBS). The ridership on the train has increased slowly, averaging 16,850 per year traveling to and from Columbus, despite the population growth in Sun Prairie. Travel time to and from Chicago is slightly under three hours.

Notable citizens

 * Tom Bigelow, professional race car driver, 1978 USAC Sprint Car Champion, member of the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame and National Sprint Car Hall of Fame
 * Jerome L. Blaska, Wisconsin State Assemblyman
 * Paige Davis, an American actress best known as a host of the reality television series Trading Spaces.
 * Nathan Haseleu, NASCAR driver.
 * Todd Kluever, former NASCAR driver 2005 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series Rookie of the Year
 * Daniel L. LaRocque, Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
 * Georgia O'Keeffe, artist
 * Irvin E. Rockwell, Idaho State Senator
 * Casey Scheuerell, musician
 * Bill Wambach, set national high jump record of 1.26 m for the 80-to-84-year-old division at 2006 Badger State Games, has lived in Sun Prairie since 1978. Bill Wambach has participated in the Badger State Games for many years.