Blagoevgrad Oblast

Blagoevgrad Province (област Благоевград, oblast Blagoevgrad or Благоевградска област, Blagoevgradska oblast), also known as Pirin Macedonia   (Пиринска Македония, Pirinska Makedoniya), is a province (oblast) of southwestern Bulgaria. It borders four other Bulgarian provinces to the north and east, to the Greek region of Macedonia to the south, and the Republic of Macedonia to the west. The province has 14 municipalities with 12 towns. Its principal city is Blagoevgrad, while other significant towns include Bansko, Gotse Delchev, Melnik, Petrich, Razlog, Sandanski and Simitli.

Geography
The province has a territory of 6,449.5 km² and a population of 323,552. It is the third largest in Bulgaria after Burgas and Sofia Provinces and comprises 5.8% of the country's territory. Blagoevgrad Province includes the mountains, or parts of, Rila (highest point of the Balkans — Musala summit, 2925 m), Pirin (highest point — Vihren summit, 2914 m), the Rhodopes, Slavyanka, Belasitsa, Vlahina, Maleshevo, Ograzhden and Stargach. There are two major rivers — Struma River and Mesta River — with population concentrations along their valleys, which are also the main transport corridors.

Climate
The climate varies from temprerate continental to Mediterranean in the southernmost parts. Natural resources are timber, mineral springs, coal, construction materials, including marble and granite. The beautiful and preserved environment is widely considered an important resource. A number of national parks and protected territories care for the biodiversity. Arable land is 38.8% and forests constitute 52% of the province's territory.

History
Blagoevgrad Province was originally part of ancient Thrace and inhabited by the Thracian tribe Maedi. Alexander the Great founded his first town/colony Alexandrupolis in 340 BC. Afterwards the town was probably destroyed by a local Thracian raid.

Municipalities
The Blagoevgrad province (oбласт, oblast) contains 14 municipalities (singular: oбщина, obshtina - plural: oбщини, obshtini). The following table shows the names of each municipality in English and Cyrillic, the main town (in bold) or village, and the population of each as of 2011.

Economy
The region is characterized with diversified economic branch structure: food and tobacco processing industries, agriculture, tourism, transport and communications, textile industry, timber and furniture industries, iron processing and machinery industry, construction materials industry, as well as pharmaceuticals, plastics, paper and shoes production. Approximately 10% of the population is unemployed (close to the national average). There are 4 major hospitals in the province.

With its railway line and road connection, the region forms the heart of the land-based trading route between northern Greece, Bulgaria and Romania. Since the early 2000s the province enjoys a mini boom in trade from thousands Greek day-trippers from across the border, purchasing cheaper goods and services (dental, opticians, etc.). Since the early 1990s, the region has also attracted Greek manufacturers who moved their production line from Greece, especially to Petrich. It was an important tourist destination during the communist years for East Germans and is slowly picking up again. The unique town of Melnik was once a wealthy centre built on the back of exiled phanariots from Constantinople. Now it is a centre for wine production and offers eco-tourism.

Infrastructure remains relatively underdeveloped, especially regarding road and rail communications. It remains an important target for potential EU funding. There are two major infrastructural projects in the region. The Struma motorway, which is planned to connect the capital Sofia with the Greek border and the port of Thessaloniki, is going to run through the valley of the Sruma River, and will be ready in a few years. The second project is the airport of Bansko. The cost is currently estimated at around €30,000,000.

Culture, education and monuments
Historical and archaeological monuments include the ruins of antique Thracian and Roman settlements, Early Christian basilicas, medieval Byzantine and Bulgarian towns, monasteries and fortresses, as well as many preserved buildings and whole villages — examples of the architecture from the Ottoman period (like Melnik, the Rozhen Monastery and Bansko).

A theatre, a library with 345,000 tomes, and an opera house are situated in the provincial centre, Blagoevgrad. There are art galleries in Bansko, Blagoevgrad and Sandanski. Many small cultural institutions, chitalishta, are dispersed around the province. The Pirin State Ensemble is the most prominent among the numerous folklore and music bands. There are 10 museums in the province that preserve the rich historical, ethnographic and archaeological heritage. Cultural events include the Theatre Festival in Blagoevgrad, the Jazz Festival in Bansko and the Melnik Evenings of Poetry.

The Southwestern University and the American University in Bulgaria are situated in Blagoevgrad; the latter is the second largest American university campus in Europe and is located in the former headquarters of the communist party. Annually the city draws around 10,000 students from the country and abroad. The number of schools in the province is 182.

Notable Bulgarians from Blagoevgrad Province
A number of the province's towns were re-named in honor of major figures such as Sandanski (after Jane Sandanski), Gotse Delchev and Blagoevgrad (named after Dimitar Blagoev).


 * Paisiy Hilendarski (1722–1773)
 * Neofit Rilski (1793–1881)
 * Boris Sarafov(1872–1907)
 * Yane Sandanski (1872–1915)
 * Nikola Vaptsarov (1909–1942)
 * Georgi Pirinski (1948)

Demographics
The province had a population of 324,110 according to the 2011 census, of which 49.2% were male and 50.8% were female.

The following table represents the change of the population in the province after World War II:

Religion
Religious adherence in the province according to 2001 census:

Languages
Mother tongues in the province according to 2001 census: 306,118 Bulgarian (89.7%), 19,819 Turkish (5.8%), 9,232 Roma (Gypsy) (2.7%) and 6004 others and unspecified (1.6%).

Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups in the province according to 2001 census: 286,491 Bulgarians (84.0%), 31,857 Turks (9.3%), 12,405 Roma (Gypsy) (3.6%), 3,117 ethnic Macedonians (0.9%) and 7303 others and unspecified (2.1%).

Ethnic Macedonians
The vast majority of the Slavic population in Pirin Macedonia has a Bulgarian self-consciousness and a regional Macedonian identity, similar to that of the Greek Macedonians. According to the last census from 2011, 561 persons described themselves as ethnic Macedonians in Blagoevgrad Province (0,2%). According to a study by the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee performed in 1998, people with a Macedonian national self-consciousness in the entirety of Bulgaria were between 15,000 and 25,000. In 2008, the local ethnic Macedonian political activist Stoyko Stoykov claimed their number to be between 5,000 and 10,000 in the whole of Bulgaria.

Sport
Blagoevgrad Province is currently one of the best-represented provinces in Bulgarian football, with 3 teams playing in the Bulgarian A PFG (second only to Sofia with 4) — FC Vihren Sandanski, PFC Belasitsa Petrich and PFC Pirin 1922 Blagoevgrad. One more team from the province, PFC Pirin Blagoevgrad (as distinct from Pirin 1922), began the 2005/06 season in the highest Bulgarian division, but disbanded shortly afterwards due to financial problems.

Owing to the alpine features and accessible location, the northern and eastern regionof Blagoevgrad Province is also a centre of winter sports. The main centre is Bansko which is becoming a leading skiing resort at European level with rapidly rising property prices.

Printed sources

 * Who are the Macedonians? Hugh Poulton.  London: 1995.