Neath

Neath (Castell-nedd) is a town and community situated in the principal area of Neath Port Talbot, Wales with a population of 19,258 in 2011. The wider urban area, which includes neighbouring settlements, had a population of 50,658 in 2011. Historically in Glamorgan, the town is located on the river of the same name, 7 mi east northeast of Swansea.

History
Historically, Neath was the crossing place of the River Neath and has existed as a settlement since the Romans established the fort of Nido or Nidum in the AD 70s. The Roman fort took its name from the River Nedd; the meaning is obscure but 'shining' or simply 'river' have been suggested. Neath is the Anglicised form. The Antonine Itinerary (c. 2nd century) names only nine places in Roman Wales, one of them being Neath. There is evidence of undated prehistoric settlements on the hills surrounding the town, which were probably Celtic. The fort covered a large area which now lies under the playing fields of Dŵr-y-Felin Comprehensive School. In the late 1960s, there were reports in the local media of a massive Roman marching camp being found above Llantwit which would have accommodated many thousands of troops.

St Illtyd visited the Neath area and established a settlement in what is now known as Llantwit on the northern edge of the town. The church of St. Illtyd was built at this settlement and was enlarged in Norman times. The Norman and pre Norman church structure remains intact and active to day within the Church in Wales. The Welsh language name for Neath is Castell-nedd, referring to the Norman Neath Castle, which was visited by English Kings Henry II, John Lackland and Edward I.

Neath was a market town that expanded with the arrival of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century with new manufacturing industries of iron, steel and tinplate. The Mackworth family, who owned the Gnoll Estate were prominent in the town's industrial development. Coal was mined extensively in the surrounding valleys and the construction of canals and railways made Neath a major transportation centre and the Evans & Bevan families were major players in the local coal mining community as well as owning the Vale of Neath Brewery. Silica was mined in the Craig-y-Dinas area of Pontneddfechan, after Quaker entrepreneur William Weston Young invented the blast furnace silica firebrick, later moving brick production from the works at Pontwalby to the Green in Neath. The town continued as a market trading centre with a municipal cattle market run by W.B.Trick. Industrial development continued throughout the 20th century with the construction by BP of a new petroleum refinery at Llandarcy.

Admiral Lord Nelson stayed at the Castle Hotel en route to Milford Haven when the fleet was at anchor there. Lt. Lewis Roatley, the son of the landlord of the Castle Hotel, served as a Royal Marines officer with Nelson aboard HMS Victory in the Battle of Trafalgar.

The River Neath is a navigable estuary and Neath was a river port until recent times. The heavy industries are no more with the town being a commercial and tourism centre. Attractions for visitors are the ruins of the Cistercian Neath Abbey, the Gnoll Park and Neath Indoor Market.

Neath hosted the National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1918, 1934 and 1994.

Notable people

 * See Category:People from Neath


 * Mark Bowen (1963–, b. Briton Ferry), deputy manager of Stoke FC, and formerly a player with Spurs and Norwich City;
 * Richard Burton (1925–1984, b. Pontrhydyfen), actor;
 * Hugh Dalton (1887–1962, b. Gnoll), Labour politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1945–1947.
 * Ben Davies (1993– ), Tottenham Hotspur, and Wales footballer
 * David Davies, (1877–1944), Welsh international rugby union forward;
 * Ivor Emmanuel (1927–2007), singer and actor;
 * Hugh Evan-Thomas, vice-admiral;
 * Craig Evans (born 1971), cricketer;
 * Rebecca Evans (1963–, b. Pontrhydyfen), soprano;
 * Sir Samuel Thomas Evans (1859–1918, b. Skewen), politician and judge;
 * George Grant Francis (1814–1822, b. Swansea) historian who wrote Original Charters and Materials for a History of Neath (1845);
 * Julie Gardner (1969– ), television producer previously responsible for Doctor Who and its spin-off Torchwood, now executive producer of scripted projects at BBC Worldwide;
 * Richard Grant (born 1984), cricketer;
 * Cecil Griffiths (1900–1945), winner of an Olympic gold medal in the 4x400m relay at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics;
 * Thomas Haffield (1988-), Great Britain Olympic swimmer;
 * Carl Harris (1956– ), the former Leeds United and Wales international;
 * T. G. H. James (1923–2009), Egyptologist and former Keeper of Egyptian Antiquities at the British Museum;
 * Sir William Jenkins (1871–1944), former Neath MP;
 * Katherine Jenkins (1980– ), popular classical mezzo-soprano;
 * Della Jones (1946, b. Tonna), mezzo-soprano;
 * Geraint F. Lewis (1969– ), leading astrophysicist;
 * Andy Legg (1966– ), former professional footballer and Wales international;
 * Tony Lewis (1936–, b. Swansea), first Welshman to Captain an England cricket tour abroad, (India, Pakistan, 1972–73). Writer and broadcaster;
 * Thomas Leyson (1549-c. 1608), Latin and Welsh poet and physician;
 * Andrew Matthews-Owen, pianist;
 * Ray Milland (1907–1986), Oscar winning Hollywood actor;
 * David Watts Morgan (1867–1933), miners' leader and politician;
 * Sir William Nott (1782–1845), British General in India;
 * Harry Parr-Davies, composer;
 * Jessie Penn-Lewis (1861–1927), missioner and revivalist;
 * Sir Arthur Pugh (1870–1955, b. Ross, Hertfordshire), trade unionist, moved to his father's birthplace, Neath, 1894;
 * Henry Habberley Price (1899–1984), philosopher;
 * Walter Enoch Rees (1863–1949), rugby administrator;
 * Paul Rhys (1963– ), actor;
 * Peter Shreeves (1940– ), former Spurs and Sheffield Wednesday manager;
 * Samuel Charles Silkin, Baron Silkin of Dulwich (1918–1988), barrister and politician, Attorney-General, 1974–1979;
 * Jonathan Spratt Welsh rugby player
 * William Squire (1917–1989), actor;
 * David Thaxton (1982– ), West End performer
 * Brian Thomas (1940–2012), Wales rugby union lock who also played and managed Neath RFC;
 * Bonnie Tyler (1951–, b. Skewen), pop star;
 * Andrew Vicari (1938– ), artist;
 * Ron Waldron (1933– ) Welsh rugby coach;
 * Alfred Russel Wallace (1823, b. Monmouthshire), evolutionary theorist, lived in Neath during 1841/2 and attended lectures given by the area's scientific societies;
 * Cyril Walters (1905–1992), Glamorgan cricketer and Captain of the England cricket team;
 * Anna Letitia Waring (1823–1910), poet and hymn writer;
 * Elijah Waring, writer; and
 * Jane Williams [called Llinos] (1795–1873), singer and compiler of traditional Welsh music.

Sport
The Welsh Rugby Union was formed at a meeting held at the Castle Hotel in 1881. Neath Rugby Football Club, the famous and very successful "Welsh All Blacks", play at The Gnoll. They have won 4 consecutive titles in the semi-professional Principality Premiership and 3 Swalec Cup titles (previously known as Schweppes and Konica Minolta Cups).

Motorcycle speedway was staged at the Abbey Stadium in Neath in 1962. The Welsh Dragons, led by New Zealander Trevor Redmond, raced with some success in the Provincial League but, because of local problems, a number of the "home" fixtures were raced at St Austell. The Dragons introduced the Australian rider Charlie Monk to British speedway. After a season at Long Eaton Archers, Monk went on to have considerable success at Glasgow. The team also featured South African Howdy Cornell. In the early 1960s there was also stock car racing held at Neath Abbey, opposite the monastery

Neath Athletic A.F.C. was the town's largest football team, playing at Neath RFC's ground, The Gnoll, and played in the top flight of Welsh football, the Welsh Premier League, until the club was wound up in 2012. In the 2006–07 season, Neath Athletic A.F.C. were promoted from the Welsh Football League First Division to the Welsh Premier League. Neath Athletic A.F.C. had an average of 300 supporters attending a domestic, Welsh Premier League game, which was typical of the Welsh Premier League.

South Wales Scorpions, formed in 2010, are a professional rugby league team who also play their home games at The Gnoll.

Administration
The previous borough council was absorbed into the larger unitary authority of Neath Port Talbot on 1 April 1996. The town encompasses the electoral wards of Neath East, Neath North and Neath South.

Neath and the surrounding area is represented at Westminster by Christina Rees MP (Labour) and in the National Assembly for Wales by Gwenda Thomas AM (Labour).

Climate
As with the rest of the British Isles and Wales, Neath experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters, often high winds, and low sunshine levels.

Education
Dwr-y-Felin Comprehensive School is situated on the outskirts of the town, opposite a campus of Neath Port Talbot College (which was previously Neath College). The Cefn Saeson Comprehensive School is in the village of Cimla near the Crynallt Primary School. Two other comprehensive schools serve the town: Llangatwg Comprehensive School in Cadoxton and Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School in Briton Ferry. Primary schools include Crynallt Primary School in Cimla, Alderman Davies Church in Wales Primary School in Neath, Gnoll Primary School in Neath, Melin Infant and Junior schools, Ysgol Gynradd Castell Nedd, Mynachlog Nedd Junior School in Skewen, Tonnau Primary School in Tonna, Tonmawr Primary School in Tonmawr, Catwg Primary School in Cadoxton, Wauncierch primary school in Wauncierch and Ynysmardey Primary School in Briton Ferry.

Transport
Neath is served by First Great Western on the South Wales Main Line at Neath railway station, on Windsor Road, in the heart of the town. Services operate to Port Talbot Parkway, Bridgend, Cardiff Central, Newport, Bristol Parkway, Swindon, Didcot Parkway, Reading and London Paddington to the east and Swansea, Carmarthen and West Wales to the west. Services also operate to Hereford, Shrewsbury and Manchester Piccadilly.

Neath bus station is at Victoria Gardens, a five-minute walk from the railway station. National Express services call at the railway station. From Victoria Gardens, First Cymru provides direct inter-urban services to nearby Swansea and Port Talbot in addition to South Wales Transport who provide many similar local services.

The A465 skirts the town to the north east and provides a link to the M4.

Plans
There are plans to regenerate around 1000 acre of land in and around Neath town centre in the near future. The site once occupied by the previous civic centre will be redeveloped as a new shopping centre. The area around the Milland Road Industrial Estate will be redeveloped along with the area around the Neath Canal. On 27 November 2008, proposals for an "iconic" golden rugby ball-shaped museum, a library, heritage centre and other new facilities were announced for consultation. The developer, Simons Estates, says that it plans to start construction when the economic climate improves.

In March 2008, the county's new radio station, Afan FM, announced plans to turn on a new transmitter dedicated to the Neath area in the summer. This will transmit on 97.4 FM, and will give residents of Neath their first taste of the borough's new local radio station, which already transmits to the neighbouring area of Port Talbot on 107.9 FM. The new transmitter for the Neath area was commissioned by Government regulator Ofcom on Thursday 23 October 2008.

Nearest places

 * Briton Ferry
 * Neath Abbey
 * Bryncoch
 * Cadoxton
 * Tonna
 * Cimla