1259

Europe

 * The, led by , leads to the acceptance by King of the.
 * September - The defeats the  at the, ensuring the eventual reconquest of  in.
 * - Kings and  agree to the, in which Henry renounces his claims to -controlled territory on continental  (including ) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.
 * The famous es of the in  are completed (the church and its murals are now a  ).
 * The cities of, , and  enter into a pact to defend against pirates of the , laying the groundwork for the.
 * leads the second  attack against  and.

Asia

 * - While conducting a siege against the city known as  in the province of, , the  , , dies in the nearby hills. Persian, Chinese, and Mongol records have different accounts of how he died, including succumbing to an arrow wound recieved by a Chinese archer in the siege, , and even  epidemic. His death sparks a succession crisis in the , while his brothers  and  soon convene their own  to elect themselves as the next Khan of Khans, opening the path to a four year long civil war from  to . In the end, Ariq Böke surrendered to Kublai.
 * , a kingdom in the north of, is founded by King.
 * The kingdom in  surrenders to invading  forces.
 * The Kaiqing begins and ends in the Northern  of.
 * The Japanese era ends, and the  era begins.

Births

 * , Italian painter (died )
 * (died )
 * (died )
 * (died )
 * , daughter of King and

Deaths

 * - King (born )
 * -, Italian ruler
 * -, English scholar and theologian
 * of the Mongol Empire
 * , French chronicler
 * , French chronicler