1854


 * For the board game, see .

Year 1854 () was a (link will display the full calendar) of the  (or a  of the 12-day slower ).

January - June

 * - Loss of the  - 380 drowned, later dubbed "the first ".
 * - Major streets lit by for first time.
 * - troops force  and his troops to retreat to.
 * - is linked by  with the rest of the, when a connection between  and  is completed.
 * - The recognize the independence of the .  The official independence of the  is declared six days later.
 * - sends  an ultimatum to withdraw from two  provinces it had conquered,  and.
 * -   disappears, two years later his remains are found in the canal near.
 * - fleet sails from  under.
 * - The opens to the public.
 * - declares war on  -  begins.
 * - declares war on.
 * -  of the, signs the / with the ese government, to be precise, , opening the ports of  and  to  trade. (See )
 * - ' begins serialisation in magazine, '.
 * - Foundation of the, the fore runner of.
 * - :   arrives at the Heavenly Capital aboard the.
 * - becomes law, rescinding the  of  and creating  and .  Provision that settlers will vote on slavery in the new territories leads to  violence beginning the next year.
 * June - The takes prominent  inhabitants from  to  by, then up the  to  by.
 * - The first class of the graduate at.
 * - In the battle at in,  mate Charles D. Lucas throws a live n artillery shell overboard by hand before it explodes - the incident is the first that will be retroactively awarded the  in.

July - December

 * - In, the first convention of the is held.
 * - n troops in the island of in  surrender to - troops.
 * - : At the, the - alliance wins the first battle of the war.
 * - The watch company founded in in,  by  relocates to  to become the , pioneer in the.
 * - The is ignited by a spectacular explosion
 * - Newspaper  is founded in,.
 * - leaves for  with 38 other nurses.
 * - : The occurs, overall a victory for the allies, but it included the disastrous cavalry, from which only 200 of 700 men survive.
 * - : lose at the.
 * - In, the , linking the with the , is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
 * - ; Miner's Rebellion in, ,.
 * - proclaims the  of, which holds that  was born free of.

Undated
.
 * The , an early classification of based on field work under freed slaves in, , is published by.
 * drilled the world's first oil well in in Bóbrka near.
 * succeeds to the throne of.
 * , of is the first to fractionate  by.
 * invents a process for extracting from.
 * succeeds his nephew as pasha of.
 * A n fort is established at the present site of.
 * is first settled.
 * The is introduced for.
 * An epidemic of in  kills 10,000.  traces the source of one outbreak (that killed 500) to a single, validating his theory that  is water-borne, and forming the starting point for.
 * The trade is opened to foreigners.

Ongoing events

 * (1854-)

January - June

 * -, American telephone pioneer (d. )
 * -, German industrialist (d. )
 * -, British meteorologist (d. )
 * -, pharmacist and inventor of the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil, creator of first oil lamp (d. )
 * -, New Zealand Prime Minister and High Commissioner (d. )
 * , German scientist, recipient of the (d. )
 * , (d. )
 * -, German physician, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, Belgian lawyer and activist, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, French mathematician and physicist (d. )
 * -, American sociologist (d. )
 * -, law officer, cowboy, and Texas Ranger (d. )
 * -, eighth (d. )
 * -, eighth (d. )

July - December

 * -, Czech composer (d. )
 * -, Russian poet, scientist and revolutionary (d.)
 * -, American inventor (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, Polish/German composer (d. )
 * -, German composer (d. )
 * -, French general and Minister of War (d. )
 * , Irish writer (d. )
 * , Marxist theoretician (d. )
 * -, American cereal manufacturer (d. )
 * -, French poet (d. )
 * -, French chemist, laureate (d. )
 * -, American composer and conductor (d. )
 * -, Marshal of France (d. )
 * - (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, English cyclist (d. )
 * -, English cyclist (d. )


 * See also .

January - June

 * -, British general and politician (b. )
 * -, English painter (b. )
 * - (b. )
 * -, American religious leader (b. )
 * -, English jurist (b. )
 * -, politician (b. )
 * April -, Chilean philanthropist (b. )
 * -, German physician (b. )
 * -, English chemist and mineralogist (b. )
 * -, British general (b. )
 * -, German physicist
 * -, Pasha of Egypt (b. )
 * -, thought to be the real-life basis for (b. )
 * -, Italian cardinal and philologist (b. )
 * -, Scottish writer (b. )
 * -, Portuguese writer (b. )
 * -, (b. ?)


 * See also .