1291

1291 (MCCXCI) was a year in the 13th century.

Europe

 * In the spring of this year, set sail from  with the goal of reaching ; they never return.
 * - nobles recognize the authority of King  in mediating resolution of the succession crisis created by the death of King  five years prior.
 * Early August - According to tradition, the is formed by, , and , the "".  A purported enacting document, the , is now widely believed to be a forgery.
 * captures from the.
 * The acquire the  city of.
 * confirms the independence of via.
 * All in  are forced to moved to the island of  in order to contain the risk of fire, thus establishing the glass industry there.
 * is constructed in southern as part of a frontier defense system.
 * King gives royal town privileges to, the present-day capital of.

Asia

 * -  of   captures, thus exterminating the r  &mdash; the final  landholding remaining from the Crusades &mdash; and ending the  and effectively all Crusades by eliminating the possibility of further attacks on the  (see ).
 * The artificial is constructed as a reservoir for  in   by famous engineer and astronomer.
 * ,, establishes the  temple of  in.

Births

 * - King (died )
 * -, French composer (died )
 * (died )
 * (died )
 * (died )

Deaths

 * -, Persian ruler
 * - King (born )
 * -, queen of
 * -, Holy Roman Emperor (born )
 * , Korean military leader (born )
 * , khan of the