1809

Year 1809 () was a (link will display the full calendar) of the  (or a  of the 12-day slower ).

January - March





 * - between Britain and the Ottoman Empire concluded.
 * - French Marshal begins the.
 * - : The defeat the  at the.
 * - was created.
 * - declares war on ,
 * - patents the.
 * - and  were born.
 * - A decision by the states that the power of the federal government is greater than any individual state.
 * - grinds to a halt as  surrenders. Over 60,000 had been killed on both sides in 41 days of street fighting.
 * - Spanish forces are defeated at the in Catalonia by Marshal.
 * - repealed,  replaces it.
 * - succeeds  as the.
 * - Military coup ousts - he is confined in the.
 * - At the, 's pledge allegiance to , commencing the secession of the  from . King   after a  and is later exiled.
 * - The ends in disaster as 18,000 Portuguese soldiers are drowned in a rout after defeat by the French under  and the  results in massive Spanish casualties in, when 's cavalry routs their army.

April - June

 * - eans rise against and n occupation, most notable  lead by.
 * - defeats Austrians in the ,
 * - between armies of  (attackers) and  (defenders) as a part of struggles of the Fifth Coalition (1809). The Austrian army was defeated.
 * - - French troops under Napoleon I and Marshal  defeat the Austrians under.
 * May - captures, is excommunicated, imprisons pope.
 * - is the first American woman to be awarded a.
 * - The canton of  denies s citizenship.
 * - orders the annexation of the  to the French empire. When he announces Pope's secular power has ended, pope  him.
 * - : Austrian troops under beat French under  in a hard fought battle.
 * - opens, first to house French prisoners of war.
 * - promulgates a new, which restores political power to the  after authoritarian rule since.
 * - of  signs a treaty with the British. Only weeks later, he is succeeded by.

July - September



 * - - The massive in which  defeats the ns.
 * - French troops arrest and take him to
 * - French engages in the inconclusive  against the Austrians.
 * - Sir 's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force at the.
 * - British invasion army lands in.
 * - 70 disciples of arrive in.
 * - declares  from Spain.
 * - Severe s strike the and sinks the village of São Miguel.
 * - A poorly-led Spanish army was defeated by King 's French army at the de Toledo.
 * - - Peace between  and  in the . The territory to become the  is ceded to Russia by the.
 * - A new theatre to hold the opens in  to replace the first burnt down. in a fire in 1808. The price increases led to the  which lasted for 64 days.

October - December

 * - Along the in, explorer  dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
 * - cedes  to.
 * - A Spanish army is ridden down and 20,000 are killed by French forces at the.
 * -, a British , mysteriously disappeared (possibly murdered) in.
 * - British invasion force leaves
 * - Wearing masks at balls is forbidden in.

Undated

 *  (Old Ironsides) is recommissioned as flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron.
 * describes the two remaining.
 * publishes Philosophie Zoologique, outlining the concept of.
 * First running of the horse race in England.
 * (Ohio) established by congressional order by George Washington.
 * (-) develops a method to preserve food by means of.

Ongoing events

 * (-) - //Fifth Coalition.

January - June

 * -, French teacher, inventor of braille (d. )
 * -, French anarchist (d. )
 * -, American writer and poet (d. )
 * -, German composer (d. )
 * , 16th (d. )
 * , British naturalist (d. )
 * -, American inventor (d. )
 * -, American minister and politician from Michigan (d. )
 * -, French mathematician (d. )
 * -, Russian writer (d. )
 * -, Prussian mathematician (d. )
 * , American statesman (d. )
 * , English clergyman and mathematician (d. )
 * -, American politician (d. )
 * -, German theologian (d. )
 * -, American politician (d. )
 * -, German theologian (d. )

July - December

 * -, British poet (d. )
 * -, German theologian (d. )
 * -, American politician (d. )
 * -, American physician and writer (d. )
 * -, American politician (d. )
 * -, Officer in the and the  (d.)
 * -, British-born American actress and writer (d. )
 * -, American frontiersman (d. )
 * -, (d. )


 * See also .

January - June

 * -, British general (killed in battle) (b. )
 * -, 4th Earl of Dunmore
 * -, Austrian composer (b. )
 * -, English dramatist and poet (b. )
 * -, English writer (b. )
 * -, French painter (b. )
 * -, English bishop and abolitionist (b. )
 * -, Austrian physician (b. )
 * , Austrian composer (b. )
 * , French marshal (mortally wounded in battle (b. )
 * , French marshal (mortally wounded in battle (b. )

July - September

 * -, French cavalry general (killed in battle) (b. )
 * -, Danish painter (b. )
 * -, American revolutionary writer (b. )
 * -, Japanese author and scholar (b. )
 * -, English manufacturer and engineer (b. )
 * -, Scottish philologist (b. )
 * -, American explorer (suicide) (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * -, English cartographer and painter (b. )


 * See also .