Wheaton, Illinois

Wheaton is an affluent community located in DuPage County, Illinois, approximately 25 mi west of Chicago and Lake Michigan. Wheaton is the county seat of DuPage County. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 55,416.

Founding
The city dates its founding to the period between 1831 and 1837, following the Indian Removal Act, when Erastus Gary laid claim to 790 acre of land near present-day Warrenville. In 1837, Warren Wheaton laid claim to 640 acre of land in the center of town. Jesse Wheaton later made claim to 300 acre of land just west of Warren's. In 1848, they gave the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad three miles (5 km) of right-of-way, upon which railroad officials named the depot Wheaton. In 1850, ten blocks of land were platted and anyone who was willing to build immediately was granted free land. In 1853, the lots were surveyed and a formal plat for the city was filed with the county. The city was then incorporated in 1859 with Warren serving as its first President. The city was re-incorporated on March 1, 1890, when the first mayor of the city was selected, Judge Elbert Gary, son of Erastus Gary and founder of Gary, Indiana.

Establishment as county seat
In 1857, the Illinois state legislature authorized an election to be held to decide the question of whether the DuPage county seat should remain in Naperville or be moved to the more centrally located Wheaton, which was on the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad. Naperville won the election by a vote of 1,542 to 762. Hostility between the two towns continued for the next decade and another election was held in 1867, that Wheaton narrowly won by a vote of 1,686 to 1,635. At a cost of $20,000, the City of Wheaton quickly built a courthouse to house a courtroom, county offices and a county jail. The building was dedicated on July 4, 1868.

However, animosity between the two towns continued, and in 1868, as records were moved from the old Naperville courthouse to the new one in Wheaton, Naperville refused to turn over remaining county records, prompting a band of Civil War veterans from Wheaton to conduct what came to be known as the Midnight Raid on the Naperville courthouse. As Wheatonites fled back on Wheaton-Naperville Road, Napervillians were able to secure some last remaining records, which were taken to the Cook County Recorder in Chicago for safekeeping. During this time, Naperville was mounting a lawsuit against Wheaton accusing election judges of leaving their posts during the vote. As the courts deliberated the fate of the county seat, the records were destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Shortly thereafter, Wheaton was officially proclaimed the county seat.

As demand for space increased, the courthouse was rebuilt in 1887 at a cost of $69,390, modeled after the courthouse in Aledo. This structure was used for the next 94 years until the county's rapid growth prompted the building of a brand new complex. The old courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and was formerly used by National–Louis University until National–Louis moved to Lisle in 2004. It is currently being developed into luxury condominiums.

On November 2, 1990, the courthouse moved to a building about two miles (3 km) west in a new 57 acre complex at the corner of County Farm Road and Manchester Road. It was built at a cost of $52,500,000 and includes a 300000 sqft judicial building. In 1992, the county sued the architect and contractor for $4 million after several employees became ill from the ventilation system. In the end, however, the county received only $120,000 for minor repairs and the jury sided with the defendants, finding that the alleged problems were caused, primarily, by the county's negligent operation and maintenance of the ventilation system.

Expansion


Wheaton has rapidly expanded since the 1950s, although population growth has slowed since the early 1990s, as the city has become increasingly landlocked. Downtown lost much business after the county courthouse facility moved two miles (3 km) west in 1990, but in the decade since, the downtown has seen a renaissance of sorts, with the creation of several significant condominium and business developments. One of the most recognizable landmarks of the city is Wheaton Center, a 758-unit apartment complex on 14 acre in downtown Wheaton. The six building complex includes two twenty-story high-rise buildings built in 1975.

In 1887, Wheaton prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages, a ban which lasted until 1985 and applied to all supermarkets, convenience stores, restaurants and other establishments.

Geography
Wheaton is located at 41.85611°N, -88.10833°W (41.8560218, -88.1083010).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.3 square miles (29.2 km²). 11.2 square miles (29.1 km²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 sq mi or 0.35%) of it is water.

Wheaton is the sister city of Karlskoga, Sweden. Karlskoga Street, located along the southern edge of Memorial Park in downtown Wheaton, is named after the Swedish City.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 55,416 people, 19,377 households and 13,718 families residing in the city. A special census taken in 2006 estimated the population to be over 60,000. The population density was 4,938.5 people per square mile (1,907/km²). There were 19,881 housing units at an average density of 1,771.7 per square mile (684.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.85% White, 4.85% Asian, 2.82% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.03% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races.Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.65% of the population.

There were 19,377 households of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.20.

Age distribution was 26.2% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

According to the 2005-2009 American Community Survey, the median household income was $85,257, and the median family income was $107,763. Males had a median income of $81,515 versus $47,739 for females. The per capita income for the city was $41,353. Below the poverty line were 4.8% of the population and 3.3% of the families. Of the total population, 4.7% of those under the age of 18 and 7.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

In August 2010, the city was listed among the "Top 25 Highest Earning Towns" on CNNMoney.com, purporting a median family income of $113,517, and a median home price of $328,866, based on 2009 figures.

Higher education
Wheaton College is located not far from downtown Wheaton. Its campus features the Billy Graham Center, named for the college's most famous alumnus, which contains a museum dedicated to both the history of American evangelism and the international ministry of Billy Graham. It features conceptual exhibits intended to convey Christian ideas.

Wheaton College also home to the Todd M. Beamer student center, which was dedicated on October 1, 2004 to honor the memory of Todd Beamer, American Hero from flight 93 and two other Wheaton alumni who died in the September 11th attacks.

The Daniel F. and Ada L. Rice Campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology is also located in Wheaton, and is home to the Center for Professional Development and offers technology-oriented education and training for working professionals.

Private schools
Several of the private schools in Wheaton are located near the town center, in addition, St. Francis High School is on the far west side and Wheaton Academy moved to West Chicago in 1945.


 * Pre-school through eighth grade
 * St John Lutheran School serves 256 students in preschool through eighth grade.
 * St Michael Catholic Elementary School serves 580 students in preschool through eighth grade.
 * Wheaton Christian Grammar School serves 563 students in kindergarten through eighth grade.
 * Wheaton Montessori School serves children ages 3–12 and is the only Montessori school accredited by the Association Montessori International in the western Chicago suburbs.


 * High schools
 * St. Francis High School, serves 726 students in ninth through twelfth grade.
 * Wheaton Academy in West Chicago serves 632 students in ninth through twelfth grade.

Public schools
Wheaton is part of Community Unit School District 200 and Community Consolidated School District 89.


 * High schools
 * Wheaton North
 * Wheaton Warrenville South


 * Middle schools
 * Edison
 * Franklin
 * Hubble
 * Monroe


 * Elementary schools
 * Bower
 * Briar Glen
 * Emerson
 * Hawthorne
 * Johnson
 * Lincoln
 * Longfellow
 * Lowell
 * Madison
 * Pleasant Hill
 * Sandburg
 * Washington
 * Whittier
 * Wiesbrook


 * Pre-schools
 * Jefferson
 * Toddler's Campus Pre-school

One elementary school that is located in the southeastern part of Wheaton, Briar Glen Elementary School, is part of Glen Ellyn Community Consolidated School District 89.

Public library
The Wheaton Public Library is frequently ranked as one of the top ten libraries in the nation compared to other libraries serving similarly sized populations. In 2006, a three-story addition was added, followed by significant renovations which were completed in 2007, to bring the square footage up from 74,000 to 124,000. The total circulation in 2009 was 1,340,820, including 369,336 hardcover books and 32,307 paperback books. The previous public library was converted to the DuPage County Historical Museum.

Health care
Established in 1972 by the Wheaton Franciscan Sisters, Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital and Clinics is a rehabilitation hospital located on the west side of Wheaton on Roosevelt Road, one half mile south of the DuPage County Government Center. Marianjoy is a nonprofit teaching hospital, dedicated to the delivery of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Parks and golf

 * The Wheaton Park District has received the National Gold Medal Award for Excellence from the National Recreation and Park Association four times, in 1984, 1990, 1996, and 2005. It boasts 52 parks covering more than 800 acre, including:
 * The 135 acre Lincoln Marsh Natural Area, with over 300 species of prairie and wetland plants and animals, and a regionally acclaimed ropes course.
 * Cosley Zoo, founded in 1974, housing over 200 animals that represent over 70 species.
 * Two public swimming pools, the Northside Family Aquatic Center, and the Rice Pool and Water Park with three water slides.
 * The 27-hole Arrowhead Golf Club, renamed in 1929 from the Antlers Golf Club, which was built in 1924. A new clubhouse was built in 2004-2005.
 * The Chicago Golf Club is a prestigious private golf club on the southside of Wheaton. It is the oldest 18-hole golf course in the nation. It has hosted numerous U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur Golf Championships in its history. In 2005, it was host to the Walker Cup.


 * Cantigny Park and Golf Course is the former estate of Chicago Tribune owner Robert R. McCormick, is in southwestern Wheaton. The park contains a championship 18-hole public golf course that was the site of the 2007 US Amateur Public Links. The park also contains two museums, one relating to the Chicago Tribune, and the other devoted to the First Division of the United States Army, as Robert McCormick was a colonel in the First Division during World War I.


 * The Danada Forest Preserve and Equestrian Center is located on the site of the former estate of Daniel F. and Ada L. Rice, after whom Danada is named. In the 1940s, the Rices added a barn to the estate to house horses. In 1965, their horse Lucky Debonair won the Kentucky Derby. The Danada Farm estate was acquired by the county in 1980 and 1981.


 * The Illinois Prairie Path runs throughout Wheaton, including the intersection of the Aurora Branch and Elgin Branch, just west of downtown near the railroad tracks.

Fairgrounds
Wheaton is home to the DuPage County Fairgrounds. Organized in 1954, the DuPage County Fair Association hosts the annual DuPage County Fair in late July. The fair annually attracts major entertainers, such as Ashlee Simpson, Plain White T's (2007), Travis Tritt, Jesse McCartney, Jars of Clay, Corbin Bleu (2008), The Academy Is..., The Original Wailers (2009), and Danny Gokey (2010).

Shopping
Downtown Wheaton is home to perhaps one of the narrowest stores in the Chicago area. The Popcorn Shop on Front Street was formerly an alley between two buildings, and features the exposed brick walls of its neighbors. The store has been around since the 1920s, and currently sells candy for as little as 2¢ a piece and, of course, fresh popcorn.

The Town Square Shopping Center, located on Naperville Road, two miles (3 km) North of I-88 & one mile (1.6 km) South of Roosevelt Road in Wheaton, is also a venue for shopping. The outdoor mall features several clothing boutiques and restaurants, such as Ann Taylor, Banana Republic, Express, Francesca's Collections, Gap, L'anne Restaurant, Lenscrafters, Noodles & Company, The Perfect Thing, Potbelly, Qdoba, Starbucks, and Victoria's Secret.

Theater
Wheaton is also home to the historic Grand Theater, built in 1925. In recent years, the theater and volunteers had begun a restoration to its original state, complete a with lighted dome ceiling dotted with stars, and a newly painted floor. It celebrated its grand reopening on May 11, 2002, and on August 25, 2005, the Theater was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. There was a sense of growing pessimism that the theater would ever get restored, due to lack of progress and funds. However, there was cause for hope when on January 23, 2010, when many cast members of the off-Broadway show "Jersey Boys" did succeed in raising approximately $50,000 for restoration.

On July 10, 2010, The Grand Theater Corp had to surrender the deed to the building, to Suburban Bank and Trust Co, due in part, to being delinquent on a $800,000 loan, carried by Suburban Bank and Trust Co. The bank is now in the process of selling off the building.

Religious institutions
Wheaton has forty-five churches located within city limits and an additional thirty places of worship in the outlying unincorporated areas, representing nearly forty religious denominations. The Genus Edition of Trivial Pursuit states that Wheaton has "more churches per capita than any other town in America."

Built in 1926, the national headquarters of the Theosophical Society in America is located on a 42 acre estate on the north side of Wheaton.

Wheaton is also the North American Headquarters for the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which moved into its new home in June 1946.

On March 18, 2002, St. Michael Catholic Church in downtown Wheaton was destroyed by arson by a Wheaton resident and parishioner, Adam Palinski, now serving 39 years in prison. He has lost his appeal, but still maintains his innocence. The church has since been rebuilt, which reopened on March 18, 2006 at a cost of $13 million.

Rail
The Union Pacific/West Line runs through downtown Wheaton and has been a staple of Wheaton since its founding. Metra has two stops along the line in Wheaton, one at College Avenue serving Wheaton College, and another at West Street in the heart of downtown Wheaton. It passes under a bridge just west of downtown, and over County Farm Road, just north of the DuPage County Government Complex.

Formerly, Wheaton was also served by the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad. The CA&E right-of-way now constitutes the Illinois Prairie Path.

Highways
Two Illinois State Routes run east/west through Wheaton:
 * Illinois Route 38, also known as Roosevelt Road, runs through the center of Wheaton. On its route are many car dealerships, restaurants, St. Francis High School, and Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital. Downtown Wheaton is about half a mile north.
 * Illinois Route 56, also known as Butterfield Road, runs through southern Wheaton. On its route is the Danada Shopping complex (among other shopping complexes), DuPage County Forest Preserves including the Danada House and equestrian area, Arrowhead Golf Course, subdivisions, including Briarcliffe, Stonehedge, Arrowhead and Scottdale, along with Wheaton Warrenville South High School.

Other roads include:
 * Blanchard Street, a north-south road runs from just south of the Union Pacific/West Line to its intersection with Naperville Road at the north end of the Danada complex.
 * County Farm Road, a north/south road runs from Roosevelt Road at St. Francis High School through Geneva Road, passing by the DuPage County Government Complex.
 * Gary Avenue, a north/south road runs from downtown Wheaton at Front Street through Geneva Road. On its route are Cosley Zoo, the Lincoln Marsh, and Wheaton North High School. It serves, along with Main Street, as a primary route to Carol Stream and Bloomingdale.
 * Geneva Road, an east/west road at the northern border of Wheaton, which includes Wheaton Bowl, Wheaton North High School, and the national headquarters of the Theosophical Society in America on its route. It serves as a route to Winfield, West Chicago and further to the west, Glen Ellyn to the east.
 * Main Street, a north/south road that runs from southernmost Wheaton through Geneva Road where it continues as Schmale Road, which serves, along with Gary Avenue, as a primary route to Carol Stream and Bloomingdale to the north.
 * Naperville Road, a north/south road runs from Butterfield Road in the south to just past Roosevelt Road in central Wheaton. It primarily runs through the Danada Shopping complex and the Farnham subdivision and serves as a primary route to Warrenville and Naperville to the south.
 * President Street, a north/south road runs from its intersection with Blanchard Street north of the Danada complex through Geneva Road, passing through the Union Pacific/West Line Roosevelt Road. Its route runs near Wheaton College.