July 19

Events

 * - forces under  defeat the  led by their king.
 * - : - The final battle of the war.
 * - : began.
 * - The warship  sinks off Portsmouth.
 * - is replaced by  as  after having that title for just nine days.
 * - : - The  sighted in the.
 * - : Five women are hanged for witchcraft in.
 * - The formal request to found the later city of is filed by its founders.
 * -  the  is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or  and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
 * - : The two day opens in  and the "" are introduced at the  convention.
 * - : - At  in,   's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the.
 * - : declares war on.
 * - becomes the first  to discover   and names it in honour of.
 * - kills for the first time after a man shoots up his  saloon.
 * - A with an estimated mass of 190  explodes over the town of  in  causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
 * - Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of, ex-servicemen rioted and burnt down.
 * - : - The  and the  clash; the  light cruiser  sinks, with 121 casualties.
 * 1940  - : Army order 112 forms the  of the.
 * 1940 - makes a peace offer to Britain, which  immediately rejects.
 * - : -    orders the last s to withdraw from their   coast positions in response to the effective  convoy system.
 * - is seized by  troops at the direction of   because of its refusal to obey  orders.     is carried out of his office by troops.
 * -    and 6 of his  and 2 non-cabinet members were.
 * - flies a  to a record altitude of 106,010 metres (347,800 feet) on . Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a  under international convention.
 * - : At a rally in, ese  calls for expanding the war into.
 * - A  727 and a  310 collided in mid-air over,  killing 82.
 * - in  is created.
 * - The rebels overthrow the -backed  of the  family in.
 * - The killing 268 people in,.
 * - crashes in  killing 112 of the 296 passengers.
 * 1989  -,  established in honour of explorer.

Births

 * -, English bass and composer (d. )
 * -, Italian missionary to China (d. )
 * -, German author (d. )
 * -, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. )
 * -, English painter (d. )
 * -, military and first president of  (d. )
 * -, American firearms inventor (d. )
 * -, Swiss writer (d. )
 * -, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. )
 * -, Indian freedom fighter (d. )
 * -, French painter (d. )
 * -, American accused murderer (d. )
 * -, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. )
 * -, 10th president of (d. )
 * -, English cricketer (d. )
 * -, Austrian animator and film producer (d. )
 * -, Russian poet (d. )
 * -, 2nd (d. )
 * 1894  -, Russian mathematician (d. )
 * -, Chinese painter (d. )
 * -, Scottish writer (d. )
 * 1896  -, American baseball player (d. )
 * -, German-born philosopher (d. )
 * -, Last Lincoln descendant (d.)
 * -, British conservationist (b. )
 * -, baseball player (d. )
 * -, American politician
 * -, Greek poet (d. )
 * -, American physicist,
 * -, American
 * -, American politician (d. )
 * 1924  -, American actor
 * -, American pop and country music singer
 * -, American actress,
 * -, (d. )
 * -, Russian and Soviet film actor
 * -, American country singer
 * -, Indian astrophysicist
 * 1938  -, British historian (d. )
 * 1938  -, American actor (d. )
 * -, American singer
 * 1941  -, Dutch EU Commissioner for Competition
 * -, Scottish musician
 * 1946  -, Romanian tennis player
 * -, East German footballer
 * 1947 - , American musician
 * 1947  -, English guitarist
 * -, American actress
 * 1948  -, American musician  (d. )
 * -, Australian actor
 * -, Norwegian Minister of Finance
 * 1950  -, American songwriter
 * -, American filmmaker
 * -, American musician (d. )
 * 1952  -, County Executive for ,  ( and environs)
 * -, Serbian-American journalist
 * -, English musician (d. )
 * -, American professional wrestler
 * 1958  -, American symphony orchestra conductor
 * -, Canadian filmmaker
 * -, Soviet gymnast
 * 1961  -, Japanese film director
 * 1961  -, American actor
 * 1961  -, Belgian film director
 * -, American actor
 * -, Japanese singer, actor and racing driver
 * -, American sportscaster
 * -, American actress
 * 1966  -, American baseball player
 * -, Israeli actress and model
 * -, American musician
 * 1968  -, American comedian and radio personality (The  Show)
 * 1968  -, Filipino-American cinematographer
 * 1971  -, American musician
 * -, Swiss tenor
 * 1971  -, Ukrainian boxer
 * -, English musician
 * 1973  -, French actor
 * 1973  -, Canadian hockey player
 * -, baseball player
 * -, American actress
 * 1976  -, Greek footballer
 * 1977  -, English cricketer
 * -, American professional wrestler
 * 1977  -, Sudanese footballer
 * 1977  -, Canadian ice hockey goaltender
 * -, Brazilian footballer
 * -, English footballer
 * 1979  -, Baseball pitcher/ outfielder
 * -, Italian racing driver
 * 1980  -, Belgian tennis player
 * 1980  -, American actor
 * -, bassist/backing vocalist ( and )
 * 1981  -, American baseball player
 * 1981  -, Brazilian footballer
 * -, American actor
 * 1982  -, English footballer
 * 1982  -, Australian footballer
 * -, Norweigan animator, musician, and videographer
 * 1984  -, American basketball player
 * 1984  -, Welsh footballer
 * -, American actor

Deaths

 * -, Italian clergy (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * -, Italian poet (b. )
 * -, wife of (plague) (b. )
 * -, mistress of King
 * -, Italian philosopher (b. )
 * -, Puritan accused of being witch during Salem Witch Trials (b. )
 * -, English poet (b. )
 * - Queen of Prussia (b. )
 * - Captain, English explorer of Australia (b. )
 * -, French physicist (b. )
 * -, American writer (b. )
 * -, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. )
 * -, Japanese samurai (b. or )
 * -, American Mormon apostle (b. )
 * -, German astronomer (b. )
 * -, (b.)
 * -, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. )
 * 1947  -, Burmese politician (b. )
 * -, first (b. )
 * -, missionary (b. )
 * -, American actor (b. )
 * -, American country music singer and songwriter (b. )
 * -, (assassinated) (b. )
 * -, French Canadian tenor (b. )
 * -, Russian actress (b. )
 * -, Polish writer (b. )
 * -, Polish president (b. )
 * -, American actor (b. )
 * -, baseball player (b. )
 * -, American folksong collector (b. )
 * -, American evangelist (b. )
 * 2003  -, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. )
 * -, American Catholic prelate (b. )
 * 2004  -,  (b. )
 * -, British politician (b. )
 * 2005  -, American writer (b. )
 * -, American actor (b. )
 * -, Argentine cartoonist (b. )
 * 2007  -, Lawyer, politician, and freelance journalist (b. )

Holidays and observances

 * - Birthday of the of.
 * - Birthday of the of.

Liturgical Feasts

 * , abbot (sometimes only monk), confessor died 449 [common] in the
 * , died 1054
 * , bishop of Trier, martyr [Trier]
 * , pope
 * , virgin, martyr [Augsburg, Freising, Paderborn]
 * , martyrs [southern France]
 * [Paris, as Saint-Just]
 * Saint, converted thief and martyr
 * , Sister of
 * , virgin, martyr [Metz, France]
 * , the Venerable