Nalšia

Nalšia or Nalšėnai ( wok. Nalsen, Naalse, Ruthenian village Нальщаны, Нальщане), exactly unidentified individual eastern white nalšėnų or tribal highlanders tribal land. Mentioned in written sources from 1229 to 1298 years. XI (?)-Th century at least nominally belonged to the Duchy of Polotsk, from the thirteenth century Ave. (?) Was one of several principalities that awarded the Grand Duchy , in the west or north-west Nalšia bordered the Livonian Order 's holdings in the south - with Lithuania (in the strict sense) of land.



Historical information
According to the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle of information about the Livonia (Sword) of the Order of the army in 1229 and 1250, the trips to the (true), Lithuania can be found only that the thirteenth century Nalšia was surrounded in the middle between the then holdings of the Livonian Order and Lithuania. On the other hand, according to Mindaugas' baptism and coronation ceremonies took part in the 1260 ~ Anonymous wrote the treatise "The description of the beginning" ( Incipiunt Descriptions terrarum, Conspiracy. ), which is easily making baptism " nalšėnai identified near the Lithuanian and Jatvingian , so as a separate ethnic (?) LDK population, the same source of the "Lithuanian land" situation Žemaitija in respect of performance ("And since they [ie Žemaitija] to the east - to the Rus' adjoining land of Lithuania ") and historical sources attested Nalšia subordination Polotsk fact, while also taking into account the strange cur. Latgale (Latvia, part lying east of the river Aiviekstes ) and XIII / XIV century an ethnic group living in a distinctive white "namelessness" historical and archaeological literature, Nalsia can be localized in the former. Jersika principality in the territory (the largest of the white Nalsia its ethnic groups living in such a case would be treated as a leader. "eastern Latgale", or mounds in Latgale Culture (X -XIII centuries) carriers).

Attempts for the localization of Nalšia
The historiography of Nalšia has not yet been clearly identified - there is disagreement as a result of it living in an ethnic group or subetnoso typological affinity, both on the edge of the political status, both in terms of its area locations.

One of the first who tried to land a scientific Nalšia Latvian localization has been ethnologist and linguist E. Walter (Edward Walter). Based on the 2-3 "Nalšia title, reminiscent of Utena district areas ( Noliškis and so on.) geographical position, newsreel Livonian army raids on Nalsia descriptions and Giedraičiai family Caspar Daumantas (XVI century) tells the legend of the origin of Giedraičiai XIII century Duke lived Daumantas, E. Walter is still the nineteenth century end. Nalsia proposed location (old) Highland North West.

Polish historian H. Lovmianskis (Winston Lowmianski), which is considered one Nalsia Lithuanian kilčių tribal land in 1932 it is localized to the east of the river Žeimena and Vilnius- Gals -Lida region, ie, cur. Lithuania in the east and south-east and Belarus in the northwest. Such Nalšia localization (based on, among other things, and Volyn chronicle presented Burundajaus 1258-1259 to the winter tour to Lithuania, and Nalsia Sūduva description interpretation, as well as with Nalšia on behalf of the allegedly related Gals geographical location of the town), soon supported by the majority Lithuanian researchers, but starting in 1976 "Lovmianskiškąją" Nalšia localization scheme are taken to adjust their home in historic cartogram depicting "Nalšia land" area in the long term significant reduction in the leader. " Lithuanian agriculture 's benefit, and the same "Nalsia" pastūmėdami more to the west - as the twentieth century 8-9's "volteriškoji" version of localization at Nalšia Lithuania regain previously held position.

Now the majority of Lithuanian historians, archaeologists and Nalsia time one of the largest archaeological Lithuanian ( East Lithuanian Barrow Culture carriers) kiltinių lands and to locate the UT-Valmiera-Breslau-Fixed-Svierių-Nemenčinė-Molėtai Utena-line the restricted area. E. Gudavicius Nalsia locate west of the river Žeimena, T. Baranauskas, and G. Zabiela - almost all cur. North-eastern Lithuania and neighboring Belarus in the northwest corner; R. Batura Nalšia land and tends to localize the principality to the east of the country Žeimena and Gals, ie, the sixteenth-eighteenth-century existed in Breslau and Asmena area.

Rulers of Nalšia
Nalšia most famous Dukes of Lithuanians (at least hypothetically) considered Nalšia (?) Duke Daumantas, Polotsk Tautvilas son (?) Polotsk (and Nalšia?) Duke Constantine, who in 1264 , the his considerable valdytą Rezekne region (North = Nalsia?) gave the Order of Livonia and Polotsk prince and Nalšia Gerdes , who in 1264 end. not only confirmed that Constantine Berankis gift, but all refused to Polotsk and its vitebskiečių sovereign rights of the (old) Latgale (the latter and said Rezekne area Gerdenio and the Order of Livonia in the text appears in the contract as a separate political territorial units).