1865

Year 1865 () was a (link will display the full calendar) of the  (or a  of the 12-day slower ).

January - March

 * - finishes his Memoirs.
 * - : The begins when  forces launch a major amphibious assault against the  stronghold of,.
 * - : United States forces capture Fort Fisher.
 * - : Confederate General becomes general-in-chief.


 * - : burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing  forces.
 * - adopts a new  that abolishes.
 * - The only month of recorded history to not have a.
 * - The authorizes formation of the.
 * - US President is inaugurated for second term.  becomes Vice President.
 * - : The reluctantly agrees to the use of  troops.
 * - : The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
 * - : The begins. By the end of the battle on the 21st the Confederate forces had retreated from.
 * The "Claywater " explodes just before reaching ground level in . Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 were recovered.
 * In, Confederate forces capture from the Union. Lee's army suffers heavy casualties during the battle of Fort Stedman—about 2,900, including 1,000 captured in the Union counterattack. Confederate positions are weakened. After the battle, Lee's defeat was only a matter of time.
 * In, Confederate forces capture from the Union. Lee's army suffers heavy casualties during the battle of Fort Stedman—about 2,900, including 1,000 captured in the Union counterattack. Confederate positions are weakened. After the battle, Lee's defeat was only a matter of time.

April - June

 * - : - In, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
 * - : Confederate President and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of  which is taken the next day.
 * -  producer, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik founded in.
 * - : General surrenders to  at, effectively ending the American Civil War.
 * is at  in  by.
 * US Secretary of State and his family are attacked in his home by.
 * - Vice President becomes the 17th President of the United States, upon the death of President Abraham Lincoln.
 * - President  and his entire cabinet arrive in  with a contingent of 1,000 soldiers.
 * -  producer  moves its headquarters and factories from  to the  of.
 * Union cavalry corner and cavalryman  shoots the assassin dead.
 * : General  surrenders his army to General  at Durham Station,.
 * The , carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the, killing 1,700, most of whom were  survivors of the.
 * ,, signs a bill formally creating in US.
 * The , carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the, killing 1,700, most of whom were  survivors of the.
 * ,, signs a bill formally creating in US.
 * ,, signs a bill formally creating in US.


 * - Triple Alliance of, and  against  is formally signed -  has already begun.
 * - : Confederate General, commanding all Confederate forces in , , and eastern , surrenders his forces to Union General at , effectively ending the Civil War.
 * In (a suburb of ), the first  in the United States takes place.
 * meets with his Confederate Cabinet (14 officials) for the last time, in Washington, Georgia, and the Confederate Government is officially dissolved.
 * - : is captured by  troops near.
 * - : - In far south, more than a month after  General 's surrender, the last land battle of the  ends with a Confederate victory.
 * - Parade down Pennsylvania Ave in to celebrate the ending of the.
 * - : 300 are killed in when an ordnance depot explodes.
 * - American Civil War ends - Confederate forces west of the under General  surrender at, becoming the last to do so.
 * - Brazilian navy squadron defeats Paraguayan navy at the.
 * - Brazilian navy squadron defeats Paraguayan navy at the.




 * - : Union Major General lands at  and informs the people of  of the . This event is celebrated each year as.
 * - : At in  Confederate General, a Cherokee Indian, surrenders the last significant rebel.
 * - founds the  at ..

July - September

 * - The Christian Mission, later renamed the, is founded in , by  and.
 * - publishes.
 * is founded.
 * First is introduced in  - 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country.
 * - Following 's assassination on, the four condemned to death, during the trial, are , including , , and . Her son, , escapes execution by fleeing to  and - ultimately - to.
 * - The summit of the in the  is reached for the first time; four of the party of seven die in a fall during the descent.
 * - The summit of the in the  is reached for the first time; four of the party of seven die in a fall during the descent.
 * - In the market square of, shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.
 * - settlers arrive in  at.
 * - The steamer  sinks off the California coast, killing 225.
 * - First narrow gauge mainline railway in the world opens at,.
 * - Fall of the Mars meteorite in Sherghati, Gaya, Bihar, India.

October - December

 * - led hundreds of black men and women in a march in, starting the.
 * - Major, the superintendent of , is , becoming the only soldier to be  for.
 * - : The ship Covadonga is captured by the ans and the vians, north of,.
 * - becomes King of the Belgians.
 * - created the  and the, reducing the tasks of the.
 * - Thirteenth Constitutional amendment declared ratified by three-fourths of the States of the United States. It forever abolished slavery.
 * - Kappa Alpha Order founded at Washington College.
 * - Several Confederate veterans form the, to resist , by intimidating "s" and "s" as well as repressing the freed s.



Undated

 * formulates his theories of - they are mainly ignored for years.
 * A near  destroys about one million acres (4,000 km²) of timber.
 * Last volume of published.
 * is founded by.
 * , inventor of the  and the silent, introduces , after his half-cousin.

Ongoing events

 * (-1865)

January - June

 * -, Colombian astronomer (d. )
 * -, Blind older sister of author (d. , )
 * -, Russian politician and the last foreign minister of the Russian Empire. (d. )
 * -, American Businessman (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, Polish writer (d. )
 * -, Swedish scientist and explorer (d. )
 * -, author and educator (d. )
 * -, medical missionary to (d. ).
 * -, Chinese reformist leader (d. )
 * -, English-born writer (d. )
 * -, American entomologist (d. )
 * -, Austrian-born chemist, laureate (d. )
 * , English poetess (d. )
 * , German general (d. )
 * -, Brazilian physician and immunologist (d. )
 * -, American dramatist (d. )
 * , American YMCA leader, recipient of the (d. )
 * , Dutch physicist, laureate (d. )
 * -, American artist (d. )
 * -, English cricketer (d. )
 * - King (d. )
 * -, French composer (d. )
 * -, Irish writer, laureate (d. )
 * -, American art historian (d. )
 * -, Oldest supercentenarian male (disputed) (d. )
 * -, American art historian (d. )
 * -, Oldest supercentenarian male (disputed) (d. )

July - December

 * -, Danish-born Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, Russian composer (d. )
 * , American literary critic (d. )
 * , Australian stained glass artist (d. )
 * - King (d. )
 * , American Egyptologist (d. )
 * ,, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, Latvian poet and playwright (d. )
 * -, French composer (d. )
 * -, English chemist, laureate (d. )
 * -, U.S. politician (d. )
 * -, American businessman (d. )
 * -, English footballer (d. )
 * -, 29th (d. )
 * -, Finnish composer (d. )
 * -, stage actress, (d. )
 * -, American socialite and interior decorator (d. )
 * -, the 4th General of (d. )
 * -, British writer, laureate (d. )
 * -, the 4th General of (d. )
 * -, British writer, laureate (d. )


 * See also .

January - June

 * -, French philosopher and anarchist (b. )
 * -, British cook and expert on household management (b. )
 * -, queen consort of the Netherlands (b. )
 * -, samurai (b. )
 * -, priest, writer and social activist (b.
 * , Governor of Florida (b. )
 * , Italian soprano (b. )
 * -, American Confederate general (b. )
 * -, French zoologist (b. )
 * -, 16th (b. )
 * -, French medical doctor and naturalist (b. )
 * - (b. )
 * -, American actor and assassin of (b. )
 * -, American actor and assassin of (b. )

July - December

 * -, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. )
 * -, British military surgeon (b. 1795)
 * -, English botanist (b. )
 * -, Irish mathematician (b. )
 * -, Venezuelan poet, lawmaker, teacher, philosopher and sociologist (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * -, British novelist and biographer (b. )
 * -, Canadian businessman and statesman (b. )
 * -, Spanish composer (b. )
 * - (b. )
 * -, Italian cardinal (b. )


 * See also .