Golaghat district

Golaghat is an administrative in the state of  in. It attained district status in 1987. The district headquarters are located at. The district occupies an area of 3502 and lies 100 m above sea  level. As of, Golaghat district has a population of 945,781.

Location
It is surrounded by the river to the north, the state of  to the south,  district to the east and  and  district to the west. is the principal river, which originates from of Nagaland. It streams through a distance of 352 km from south to north before joining the Brahmaputra. Its catchment area is 1220 km². Doyang, Nambor, Doigrung and Kalioni are the four rivulets of the Dhansiri. The river marks the border between Golaghat and Jorhat districts.

Climate
The climate is tropical with a hot and humid weather prevailing most of the summer and monsoon months. Total average annual rainfall is 1300 mm. Maximum precipitation occurs in June and July. Maximum temperature is 38.0ºC in June and minimum temperature is 10.0ºC in December.

History
The name 'Golaghat' originated from the markets established by a business class of people called 'Marwari' (who have their origins in ) during the middle of 20th century at the bank of the river Dhansiri in the vicinity of the district headquarters. "Gola" means market and "Ghat" means the port of river transort.

Inscription on rocks of Nagajari Khanikar village of Sarupathar, remnants of fortifications, brick structures, monuments, temples,, etc. are evidence of a 9th-century kingdom in the Doyang-Dhansiri valley. The Ahoms were the rulers of the Doyang-Dhansiri valley in the 16th century. Earlier, this part was ruled by the s known as. During Ahom rule it was under 'Morongi-Khowa Gohain', an administrative officer of the Ahom government.

Later, when the British took control of Assam, the Doyang-Dhansiri valley was incorporated under the newly formed Golaghat subdivision of the district in 1846. Golaghat district played an active part in the freedom struggle of India. Kushal Kunwar, Kamala Miri, Dwariki Das, Biju Vaishnav, Sankar Chandra Barua, Rajendra Nath Barua, Ganga Ram Bormedhi and Dwarikanath Goswami are eminent freedom fighters of the region. Golaghat was raised to the position of a matured district of Assam on,.

Administration
Within the merged establishment of the Deputy Commissioner, Golaghat are the Offices of the Sub-Divisional Officers, Dhansiri and Bokakhat. There are multiple functions and issues looked after by the Deputy Commissioner's office from its headquarters. The branches of the Office of the Deputy Commissioner are rationalized as Administration, Civil Defence, Confidential, Development, Election, Excise, Home Guards, Magisterial, Nazarat, Personnel, Registration, Revenue, Supply, Treasury and Zila Sainik Board. The Courts of District and Session Judge are also located in its headquarters at Golaghat.

Economy
The economy of Golaghat district is agriculture-based. Tea, rice and sugar cane are the main agricultural crops grown in the district, with tea being is the largest agricultural industry. There are 63 large tea gardens producing about 20,000 tonnes of tea per year. Moreover, the emergence of small tea growers has proclaimed a new improvement in the district. Small-scale tea growers have gotten considerable fame here because of large incomes compared to other high-land crops. It has caught the desire of unemployed people to take owning tea-gardens as their profession. The rearing and reeling of and, the making of Japi (headgear) and earthen potential and the extraction of  oil are the cottage industries prevalent in Golaghat district. Quality muga silk and agaru oil in Golaghat district are well-known in the state. Long-neck earthen potential made in Dhekial, especially for storing, is unique in the world. 'Japi' of Naharani, Dergaon finds a market in the entire valley.

(NRL) is the only major heavy industry in the district. Numaligarh Refinery, situated in, is engineered to process 3.0 million tonnes per year of indigenous , adopting innovated technologies. Numaligarh Refinery was custom-built in October, 2000 as the latest multi-faceted refinery in the country, having up-to-the-minute facilities and an intricacy measuring 6.67 on the, which is the highest among the  refineries. NRL has achieved global standards by obtaining certification of its Quality, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems. It has already adopted technology to enhance the production of middle distillates.

Art and culture
Golaghat district crowns many literary intellects who have made outstanding contributions to Assamese literature. The most prominent writer of the 19th century who hailed from Golaghat was, the writer of first Assamese dictionary . Raghunath Mahanta, Satradhikar of Doyang Alengi Satra of Golaghat, was another writer of 19th century who composed three masterpieces, namely Shatrunjoy Kavya, Adbhoot Ramayan and Katha Ramayan. One significant poet of the Ahom age was Durgeswar Dwiji. He composed a book titled Sangkhosur Badh. Hem Chandra Goswami is regarded as one of the most exceptional writers of the late 19th century and early twentieth century. He is the first sonnet writer of Assamese language. The credit of first Assamese poetess plus first Assamese short story writer amongst women went to Yamuneswari Khatoniar of Golaghat. Her collection of verses called Arun was the first book written by a woman poet.

Ghanashyam Barua of Golaghat, who was also famous in the field of politics as the first Central Minister of Assam, translated  into the  along with three of his partners. Kamal Chandra Sarma of Golaghat enjoyed the influential position of secretary of 'Asomiya Bhasa Unnoti Sadhini Sabha'. Syed Abdul Malik, the invincible writer of Assamese literature, belongs to the village of Nahoroni in Golaghat. He was the president of Assam Sahitya Sabha. Malik received many exalted prizes, including Sahitya Akademy, Sankar Dev Award, Xahityacharyya, etc.

Other people from Golaghat who marked their names as great writers of Assamese literature include Surendranath Saikia, Hari Parsad Barua, Kirtinath Hazarika, Dr Nagen Saikia, Dr Deva Prasad Barua, Nilamoni Phukan, Samir Tanti, Lakhikanta Mahanta, Purna Chandra Goswami, Dr Upen Kakoty, Lolit Barua, Golap Khound and Premadhar Dutta. The Golaghat Sahitya Sabha is one of the oldest congresses of Assam Sahitya Sabha, started in 1918.