Haplogroup O-M175

In, Haplogroup O (M175) is a.

This haplogroup appears in 80-90% of all men in and, and it is almost exclusive to that region: M175 is almost nonexistent in , , and  and is completely absent from  and the , although certain clades of Haplogroup O do achieve significant frequencies among some tribal populations of , -speaking populations of , and -speaking populations of.

Haplogroup O is a descendant haplogroup of (M214), and is believed to have first appeared in  or eastern  approximately 35,000 years ago. Haplogroup O shares a node in the phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosomes with, which is common throughout.

Among the subbranches of Haplogroup O are, , and. Haplogroup O* lineages, which belong to Haplogroup O but do not display any of the later mutations that define the major s O1, O2, and O3, can still be detected at a low frequency among most modern populations of and. For example, a broad survey of Y-chromosome variation among populations of central Eurasia found haplogroup O-M175*(xO1a-M119,O2a-M95,O3-M122) in 2.5% (one out of 40 individuals) of a sample of in, 4.5% (1/22) of  in , 1.5% (1/68) of  in , 1.4% (1/70) of Uzbeks in , 6.3% (1/16) of Tajiks in , 1.9% (1/54) of  in , 4.9% (2/41) of  in Kazakhstan, and 31.1% (14/45) of. However, approximately 30% of all Korean O*(xO1a,O2a,O3) Y-chromosomes probably belong to, which has been found to be very common among Koreans. There is also a possibility that the so-called Haplogroup O* Y-chromosomes that have been found among these populations might belong to Haplogroup O1*(xO1a-M119), Haplogroup O2*(xO2a-M95,O2b-M176), or Haplogroup O2b-M176.

Subgroups
The s of Haplogroup O with their defining mutation, according to the 2006 ISOGG tree:


 * O (M175)
 * O*
 * (MSY2.2)
 * O1*
 * O1a (M119) Typical of, southern , and peoples
 * O1a*
 * O1a1 (M101)
 * O1a2 (M50, M103, M110)
 * (P31, M268)
 * O2*
 * (M95) Typical of peoples,  peoples,, and , with a moderate distribution throughout , , , and 
 * O2a*
 * O2a1 (M88, M111) Frequently found among, , , and , with a moderate distribution among , , , , , and of , , and 
 * O2a1*
 * O2a1a (PK4) Found at low frequency among 
 * O2a2 (M297)
 * (SRY465 (M176))
 * O2b*
 * O2b1 (P49) Typical of 
 * O2b1*
 * O2b1a (47z) Typical of and 
 * (M122) Typical of populations of, , and culturally regions of , with a moderate distribution in 
 * O3*
 * O3a (M324)
 * O3a*
 * O3a1 (M121, DYS257)
 * O3a2 (M164)
 * O3a3 (LINE1, M159) Found at low to moderate frequency throughout and, especially among  peoples and 
 * O3a4 (M7) Typical of peoples
 * O3a4*
 * O3a4a (M113, M188, M209)
 * O3a4a*
 * O3a4a1 (N4)
 * O3a4a2 (N5)
 * O3a5 (M134) Typical of, with a moderate distribution throughout and 
 * O3a5*
 * O3a5a (M117, M133) Typical of and, with a moderate distribution throughout 
 * O3a5a*
 * O3a5a1 (M162)
 * O3a5b (P101)
 * O3a6 (M300)
 * O3a7 (M333)