Montville, Connecticut

Montville is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 19,571 at the 2010 census.

The villages of Chesterfield, Mohegan, Oakdale, and Uncasville are located within the town; the latter two have their own ZIP codes. Residents of the town often identify with these villages more than the town of Montville as a whole. The actual center of Oakdale is very small, consisting only of a few private residences and the post office. Likewise, the Mohegan Sun casino resort is often referred to as being in "Uncasville" although Uncasville itself is actually three miles to the south.

History
In the 17th century, when English settlers arrived in Connecticut, southeastern Connecticut was the scene of rivalry between the Pequot people, the dominant Native American group in the New London area, and their rivals the Mohegans, who were friendly to the English. For defense against the Pequot, the Mohegan sachem Uncas established a fortified village on a promontory above the Thames River within what is now the town of Montville. The Mohegan village, now known as Fort Shantok, was protected on the inland side by palisades first built in about 1636, at the time of the Pequot War, rebuilt during wars with the Narragansett people circa 1653–1657, and rebuilt again at the time of King Philip's War (1675–1676). When the boundaries of New London (then called "Pequot") were first defined in 1646, the Oxoboxo River formed the northern boundary. Parts of the modern town of Montville lying south of the river were included in New London, while the area north of the river was treated as Mohegan land. Over time the settlers assumed control of Mohegan lands. In 1703 the area between the Oxoboxo River and Norwich (now part of the town of Montville) was annexed by New London.

Montville was separated from New London and incorporated as the town of Montville in 1786. Before incorporation, it was known as the North Parish of New London. In 1819 the adjacent town of Salem was formed from parts of the towns of Montville, Lyme, and Colchester.

On the National Register of Historic Places
Four properties in town are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:
 * Bridge No. 1860 on Massapeag Side Rd. (Rt. 433) over Shantok Brook, Fort Shantok SP (added August 29, 1993)
 * Fort Shantok (added April 20, 1986)
 * Raymond-Bradford Homestead on Raymond Hill Rd. (added May 16, 1982)
 * Uncasville School, which now serves as the Montville Town Hall, at 310 Norwich-New London Turnpike (added March 23, 2001)

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 114.4 km2, of which 108.7 km2 is land and 5.8 km2, or 5.06%, is water.

Principal communities

 * Chesterfield
 * Kittemaug
 * Massapeag
 * Mohegan
 * Oakdale
 * Palmertown
 * Uncasville

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 18,546 people, 6,426 households, and 4,678 families residing in the town. The population density was 441.4 people per square mile (170.4/km²). There were 6,805 housing units at an average density of 162.0 per square mile (62.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 86.03% White, 5.49% African American, 1.46% Native American, 1.89% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 2.23% from other races, and 2.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.45% of the population.

There were 6,426 households out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the town the population was spread out with 23.6% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 34.2% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 117.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $55,086, and the median income for a family was $61,643. Males had a median income of $40,922 versus $30,206 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,357. About 3.1% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Part of Montville is also treated by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place called Oxoboxo River.

Native Americans
The Mohegan Native American Tribal Nation has been a presence in this area of Connecticut since the 16th century. Their 700 acre reservation is located north of the village of Uncasville. Although the reservation sits within the borders of the town of Montville, the tribe is considered to be a sovereign nation not subject to local or state laws. In addition to operating the Mohegan Sun, a casino resort that opened in 1996, the tribal nation also provides educational programs about their nation's heritage and history.

Education
Public schools in Montville are overseen by the town's board of education, which includes nine elected members and two high school student representatives. The school system operates a regular high school, an alternative high school, a middle school, and three elementary schools.

Montville High School
Montville High School serves grades 9 through 12. Enrollment is approximately 800 students.

Mohegan Sun Casino
Located in Uncasville, Mohegan Sun is one of the largest casinos in the world. The Mohegan Tribe of Connecticut created the casino in 1996. With over 250000 sqft, the Mohegan Sun complex features a luxury hotel, entertainment theater, and more than 20 restaurants and stores. Mohegan Sun is one of Montville's primary economic locations. It has provided a significant increase in job opportunities and attracted a population influx.

Mohegan Sun is also home to the Mohegan Sun Arena, the site of concerts and live sporting events for Uncasville. It is the home of the WNBA Connecticut Sun.

Power plant
NRG Energy Inc., based in La Jolla, California, operates an oil and natural gas-powered electricity generating plant in Montville, labeled by environmentalists as one of the "Sooty Six", the dirtiest power plants in the state. The plant was required to install pollution controls to comply with the state's 2002 power plant pollution law. In June 2006 the company proposed building a new type of coal-powered plant on the site for $1.6 billion.

In return for building the plant, the company demanded that the state guarantee NRG long-term contracts for buying the electricity it generates and pick NRG's proposal over other plans for building new power plants in the state. At the time of NRG's proposal, only 18 plants in the world and two in North America used the Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle technology which the company suggested.

Contracts were to be awarded by the DPUC in early 2007. The company said the new plant could open in 2012.

The Plant is now closed due to AES Thames filing Bankruptcy. http://montville-ct.patch.com/articles/video-aes-thames-closure#video-8707912

Notable natives

 * George Miller Beard (1839–1883), neurologist who coined the term "neurasthenia" in 1869
 * Sidney E. Frank (1919–2006), billionaire businessman who promoted Grey Goose vodka and Jägermeister
 * Ned Hanlon, member of the Baseball Hall of Fame
 * James Hillhouse (1754–1832), real estate developer who constructed significant areas of New Haven. He was a congressman, U.S. senator and, for many years, treasurer of Yale University.
 * Samson Occom (1723–1792), Mohegan minister and preacher
 * Oliver Hillhouse Prince (1787–1837), represented Georgia in the U.S. Senate for less than a year