Marlborough, Massachusetts

Marlborough (often spelled Marlboro) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 38,499 at the 2010 census. Marlborough became a prosperous industrial town in the 19th century and made the transition to high technology industry in the late 20th century after the construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike.

Marlborough was declared a town in 1660. It later became a city because of the population size.

History
John Howe, Sr. was recorded as marshal of Marlborough in 1638 and married to Mary Wetherbee. John Howe, Jr. in 1656 was a fur trader and built a house at the intersection of two Indian trails, Nashua Trail and Connecticut path. He could speak the language of the Algonquian Indians though the local tribe referred to themselves as the Pennacooks. The settlers were welcomed by the Indians because they protected them from other tribes they were at war with. In the 1650s, several families left the nearby town of Sudbury, 18 miles west of Boston, to start a new town. The village was named after Marlborough, the market town in Wiltshire, England. It was first settled in 1657 by 14 men led by Edmund Rice, John Ruddock and John Howe; in 1656 Rice and his colleagues petitioned the Massachusetts General Court to create the town of Marlborough and it was officially incorporated in 1660. Rice was elected a selectman at Marlborough in 1657. Sumner Chilton Powell wrote, in Puritan Village: The Formation of a New England Town, "Not only did Rice become the largest individual landholder in Sudbury, but he represented his new town in the Massachusetts legislature for five years and devoted at least eleven of his last fifteen years to serving as selectman and judge of small causes."

The Reverend William Brimstead was the first minister of the Puritan church and Johnathan Johnson was the first blacksmith.

Marlborough was one of the seven "Praying Indian Towns" because they were converted to Christianity by the Rev. John Eliot of Roxbury. In 1674 a deed was drawn up dividing the land between the settlers and the natives. This is the only record of names of the natives. The document was signed by:
 * Old Nequenit
 * Robin (Robin Hill in Marlborough is named after him)
 * Benjamin Wuttanamitt
 * Great James
 * Mary, the widow of Peter Naskonit, on behalf of her child David Moses
 * Assoake, the widow of James Norwell "On behalf of my children"
 * Sarah Conomy, sole executrix of my late husband Oomonog
 * Elizebeth, the only daughter and sole heir of Solomon, deceased. (Solomon Pond in Northborough is named after him and hence Solomon Pond Mall)
 * James Spence on behalf of his wife.

The settlement was almost destroyed by Native Americans in 1676 during King Philip's War.

In 1711 Marlborough's territory included Northborough, Southborough, Westborough and Hudson. As population, business, and travel grew in the colonies, Marlborough became a favored rest stop on the Boston Post Road. Many travelers stopped at its inns and taverns, including George Washington, who visited the Williams Tavern (see citation below) soon after his inauguration in 1789.

In 1836, Samuel Boyd, known as the "father of the city," and his brother Joseph, opened the first shoe manufacturing business - an act that would change the community forever. By 1890, with a population of 14,000, Marlborough had become a major shoe manufacturing center, producing boots for Union soldiers, as well as footwear for the civilian population. Marlborough became so well known for its shoes that its official seal was decorated with a factory, a shoe box, and a pair of boots when it was incorporated as a city in 1890.

The Civil War resulted in the creation of one of the region's most unusual monuments. Legend has it that a company from Marlborough, assigned to Harpers Ferry, appropriated the bell from the firehouse where John Brown last battled for the emancipation of the slaves. The company left the bell in the hands of one Mrs. Elizabeth Snyder for 30 years, returning in 1892 to bring it back to Marlborough. The bell now hangs in a tower at the corner of Route 85 and Main Street.

Around that time, Marlborough is believed to have been the first community in the country to receive a charter for a streetcar system, edging out Baltimore by a few months. The system, designed primarily for passenger use, provided access to Milford to the south, and Concord to the north. As a growing industrialized community, Marlborough began attracting skilled craftsmen from Quebec, Ireland, Italy, and Greece.

Shoe manufacturing continued in Marlborough long after the industry had fled many other New England communities. Rice & Hutchins, Inc. operated several factories in Marlborough from 1875 to 1929. Famous Frye boots were manufactured here through the 1970s, and The Rockport Company, founded in Marlborough in 1971, continues to maintain an outlet store in the city. In 1990, when Marlborough celebrated its centennial as a city, the festivities included the construction of a park in acknowledgment of the shoe industry, featuring statues by the sculptor David Kapenteopolous.

The construction of Interstates 495 and 290 and the Massachusetts Turnpike has enabled Marlborough to begin its fifth century on the cutting edge of a new industry: high technology and specialized electronics. Today, thousands flock here to work at Fidelity Investments, Raytheon, Hewlett-Packard, AMD, Sun Microsystems, Navilyst Medical, Netezza, Boston Scientific, Sunovion (formerly Sepracor), 3Com, Egenera, Evergreen Solar and the many other electronics and computer firms that provide the strong business community in the city. Because of the city's central location with easy access to major highways and the pro-business, pro-development policies of the city government, the population of Marlborough has more than doubled in the last 25 years to over 38,000 at the time of the last census.

Geography
Marlborough is located at 42.35083°N, -71.5475°W (42.350909, -71.547530). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.2 sqmi, of which, 21.1 sqmi of it is land and 1.1 sqmi of it (4.87%) is water. Marlborough is drained by the Assabet River. Within city limits are three large lakes, known as Lake Williams, Millham Reservoir and Fort Meadow Reservoir. A portion of Fort Meadow Reservoir extends into nearby Hudson.

Marlborough is crossed by Interstate 495, U.S. Route 20 and Massachusetts Route 85. The eastern terimus of Interstate 290 is also in Marlborough.

Adjacent towns
Marlborough is located in eastern Massachusetts, bordered by six towns:
 * Hudson on the north
 * Berlin and Northborough on the west
 * Southborough on the south
 * Sudbury and a small portion of Framingham on the east

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 36,255 people, 14,501 households, and 9,280 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,719.4 people per square mile (663.7/km²). There were 14,903 housing units at an average density of 706.8 per square mile (272.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 87.70% White, 2.17% African American, 0.20% Native American, 3.76% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.27% from other races, and 2.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.06% of the population.

There were 14,501 households out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 36.7% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $56,879, and the median income for a family was $70,385. Males had a median income of $49,133 versus $32,457 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,723. About 4.7% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.

Public schools
See also Marlborough Public Schools
 * Advanced Math and Science Academy Charter School
 * Assabet Valley Regional Technical High School
 * Marlborough High School
 * 1LT Charles W. Whitcomb School Formerly 4-7 School, Marlborough Middle School, and Marlborough Intermediate Elementary School
 * Raymond C. Richer Elementary School
 * Francis J.Kane Elementary School
 * Sgt. Charles J. Jaworek Elementary School
 * Early Childhood Center

Charter schools
Advanced Math & Science Academy grades ( 6-12 )

Parochial schools

 * Immaculate Conception School (Catholic, PS-8)
 * Saint Anne Montessori School (PreK-K / 3–5 years old)

Private schools

 * Hillside School (5-9)
 * New Covenant Christian School (K-8)
 * Wayside Academy (9-12)
 * Massachusetts International Academy

After school programs

 * Boys & Girls Clubs of Metrowest

Transportation
Marlborough is located near the intersection of Routes 495, 290, 20 and the Massachusetts Turnpike. It is connected to neighboring towns and cities by MWRTA.

Major highways
Marlborough is served by Two Interstate, one U.S Highway and one state highways:

Bus

 * The MetroWest Regional Transit Authority (MWRTA) operates a regional bus service which provides fixed route public bus lines servicing multiple communities in the MetroWest region, including the towns of Ashland, Framingham, Holliston, Hopkinton, Milford, Marlborough, Sudbury, Sherborn, Natick and Weston.
 * MWRTA Routes 7 connect Marlborough with Framingham which is well connected to Boston and other parts of the state via rail and bus.
 * MWRTA Route 7C (Inner City Marlborough) line runs roughly east-west through Marlborough. This route runs through the downtown Marlborough and connects multiple Shopping Complexes/Malls, residential localities and Marlborough Hospital. Transfers can be made between routes 7 and 7C at the Marlborough City Hall stop.

Private services

 * A number of private Taxi/Limousin services have been listed as being operated in Marlborough e.g. Marlborough City Taxi, American Way, Etc.

Newspapers
The MetroWest Daily News, a daily newspaper covering Marlborough and surrounding communities in the MetroWest region

The Marlborough Enterprise, the city's weekly newspaper

Television
Channel 8 (Comcast), Channel 34 (Verizon): m8, Public-access television (Marlborough Cable Trust). 

Channel 10 (Comcast), Channel 33 (Verizon): WMCT, Your Community Station (Marlborough Cable Trust). 

Channel 98: Marlborough Public Schools' student run station

Radio

 * Variety AM1640

Internet

 * The Marlborough Historical Society
 * Marlborough Virtual Town Hall
 * Unofficial Marlborough Massachusetts web site with discussion forum

Points of interest

 * Brigham Cemetery
 * Callahan State Park
 * Capt. Peter Rice House
 * John Brown Bell
 * Maplewood Cemetery
 * Marlborough Center Historic District
 * New England Sports Center
 * Robin Hill Cemetery
 * Rocklawn Cemetery
 * Solomon Pond Mall
 * Weeks Cemetery
 * Wilson Cemetery

Notable residents



 * Horatio Alger, Jr., author, graduated from high school in Marlborough in 1847 (The town's annual Horatio Alger Street Fair was renamed the Harvest Fair in 2007.)
 * Asa Brigham, politician and businessman
 * Carl C. Brigham, psychologist and creator of the SAT Tests
 * John Buckley, baseball pitcher
 * Mike Burns, Olympian and World Cup soccer player
 * Rich Busa, marathon runner
 * Bobby Butler, NHL hockey player
 * Marcia Cross, actress best known for her role in Desperate Housewives; graduated from Marlborough High School in 1980
 * Aaron Dalbec, guitarist in bands including Converge and Bane
 * Crystal Eastman, lawyer, journalist and activist
 * Charles "Duke" Farrell, catcher of the World Series–winning Boston Americans team of 1903
 * Gilman Bigelow Howe, genealogist and author
 * James Simon Kunen, author of The Strawberry Statement: Notes of a College Revolutionary
 * Gregory Maguire, author of Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West
 * Robert J. Murray, Under Secretary of the Navy
 * Roy Nutt, businessman and computer pioneer
 * Ken Reynolds, Major League Baseball player
 * Edmund Rice, co-founder and early resident
 * Franklin Pierce Rice, printer, publisher and antiquarian
 * Henry Rice, Massachusetts state legislator and subject of Gilbert Stuart portrait
 * John Rock, gynecologist and obstetrician, co-credited with developing the first effective oral contraceptive, the Pill
 * Lucy Goodale Thurston, missionary
 * John Patrick Treacy, Roman Catholic Bishop of the Diocese of La Crosse
 * Bobb Trimble, musician
 * Paul Warnke, diplomat

Sister Cities And Towns
Cities Towns
 * 🇯🇵 – Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan from November 3, 1998
 * 🇬🇧 - Marlborough, Wiltshire, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom from 1657
 * 🇧🇷 - Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil from June, 2009