Casa Grande, Arizona

Casa Grande (O'odham: Wainom Wo:g) is a city in Pinal County, approximately halfway between Phoenix and Tucson in the U.S. state of Arizona. According to U.S. Census estimates, the population of the city is 55,477 as of 2017. It is named after the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, which is actually located in Coolidge. "Casa Grande" is Spanish for "big house". Among resident English speakers, there is no consensus on how to pronounce the city’s name.

History
Casa Grande was founded in 1879 during the Arizona mining boom, specifically due to the presence of the Southern Pacific Railroad. In January 1880, the community of Terminus, meaning "end-of-the-line," was established despite consisting of just five residents and three buildings. In September 1880, railroad executives renamed the settlement Casa Grande, after the Hohokam ruins at the nearby Casa Grande Ruins National Monument. Casa Grande grew slowly, and suffered several setbacks both in 1886 and 1893, when fires ravaged the town, destroying all wooden housing structures within it. When the mining boom slowed in the 1890s, the town was nearly abandoned, but with the advent of agriculture, the town remained alive and well, and was eventually incorporated in 1915.

One of the founding fathers of Casa Grande was Thompson Rodney Peart. Peart Road, Peart Park, and the Peart Center, all of which are notable fixtures of Casa Grande, are named after him.

Casa Grande was home to a collective farm society which was part of the New Deal.

According to historian David Leighton, during World War II, from 1942 to 1945, a Japanese-American relocation camp was set up outside of Casa Grande, known as the Gila River War Relocation Center. Two notable people that were interned there were future actor Pat Morita and baseball player Kenichi Zenimura, who constructed a baseball field and set up a league in the relocation camp.

Casa Grande is home to Francisco Grande Hotel & Golf Resort, former spring training location for the San Francisco Giants. Then owner, Horace Stoneham, began developing the property in 1959. The first exhibition game was played in Casa Grande in 1961, with Willie Mays hitting a 375 ft home run. The San Francisco Giants no longer play at Francisco Grande, but the pool in a baseball bat and ball shape remains in memory of the past ballgames.

During the Cold War, Casa Grande was the location of the Corona Satellite Calibration Targets. These targets consisted of concrete arrows located in and to the south of the city, which calibrated satellites of the Corona spy program.

Casa Grande has also played a prominent role in semi-pro and collegiate baseball. The Casa Grande Cotton Kings, who were founded in 1948, qualified to play in the National Baseball Congress World Series ten straight times by winning Arizona state championships in the 1940s and 1950s, and were reactivated in the 2000s. They are now members of the Pacific Southwest Baseball League.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Casa Grande has a total area of 48.2 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
Casa Grande has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), typical for the Sonoran Desert. The city experiences long, extremely hot summers and brief winters consisting of mild afternoons and chilly evenings. The area averages only 9.07 in of rain per year. The coolest month on average is December, with highs averaging 68 °F, and lows typically averaging around 37 °F. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Casa Grande was 15 °F. July is the warmest month of the year, with an average high of 107 °F and an average low of 76 °F. The highest temperature ever recorded in the city was 122 °F. Along with the rest of southern Arizona, the community is prone to dust storms and in the summer months is affected by the North American Monsoon, which brings high winds and heavy rain.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 48,571 people, 22,400 households, and 6,547 families residing in the city. The population density was 523.7 people per square mile (202.2/km²). There were 11,041 housing units at an average density of 229.2 per square mile (88.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 49.9% non-Hispanic White, 4.27% Black or African American, 4.91% Native American, 1.17% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 21.09% from other races, and 3.56% from two or more races. 39.13% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,920 households out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the city, the population was spread out with 30.9% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,212, and the median income for a family was $40,827. Males had a median income of $34,858 versus $23,533 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,917. About 12.4% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.2% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The economy of Casa Grande was historically based on rural, agricultural industries such as cotton and dairy farms. Over time, the city has become home to many Phoenix or Tucson urbanites who own homes in Casa Grande. Most residents either commute north to work in the Phoenix metropolitan area, or to the south, to work in Tucson. This trend has contributed to growth in the service industry of Casa Grande. Many new businesses such as restaurants, gas stations, and retail outlets are opening throughout the city in order to keep up with demand from the growing population.

An outlet mall operates in southern Casa Grande. Phase one of The Promenade at Casa Grande opened on November 16, 2007. Built by Westcor and the Pederson Group, it is similar to Desert Ridge Marketplace (an outdoor shopping center in northeast Phoenix). The Promenade at Casa Grande is an open-air outdoor mall, built on a 100 acre patch of desert, and contains nearly a million square feet. An additional $11 million was spent by the city to fund the reconstruction of the Florence Blvd./I-10 freeway overpass.

Ehrmann Commonwealth Dairy operates a major dairy processing facility in the town that opened in 2013 and employs about 110 people.

On November 29, 2016, officials from the state and the Lucid Motors car company announced a $700 million manufacturing plant will be constructed in Casa Grande that will employ up to 2,000 workers by 2022.
 * Cars

Casa Grande was also a candidate for Tesla's Gigafactory 1 in 2014.

Top employers
According to Casa Grande's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

News

 * Casa Grande Valley Newspapers Inc.

Library
The Casa Grande Public Library provides the standard services of access to reading materials, as well as some special services, including a volunteer reading club for elementary school, internet access, and a talking book program. The main library is 16000 sqft, provides 75,000 volumes, and provides 38 public access computers with internet access. The Vista Grande Public Library, a branch of the Casa Grande Library System, opened in the summer of 2009.

City Court
The Casa Grande Municipal Court is the judicial branch of Casa Grande City government and accepted 6,609 filings, conducted 2,486 arraignments and held 156 civil, criminal and jury trials in Fiscal Year 2006–2007.

Notable people

 * Eduardo C. Corral, award-winning poet and teacher
 * Fred Enke, University of Arizona basketball, football and golf coach
 * Fred Enke, Jr., professional football quarterback and cotton farmer
 * Pablo Francisco, stand-up comedian
 * Pedro E. Guerrero, photographer
 * Joe Jonas, pop singer, musician, actor, and dancer
 * Michael Sullivan
 * Alex Torres, guitarist

Education
The following schools are located in Casa Grande.

Public Elementary Public Middle School
 * Cottonwood Elementary School
 * Saguaro Elementary School
 * Evergreen Elementary School
 * Ironwood Elementary School
 * Cholla Elementary School
 * Palo Verde Elementary School
 * Mesquite Elementary School
 * Desert Willow Elementary School
 * McCartney Ranch Elementary School
 * Casa Grande Middle School
 * Cactus Middle School
 * Villago Middle School

Public High School Charter High School Charter Schools Private Colleges
 * Casa Grande Union High School
 * Desert Winds High School
 * Vista Grande High School
 * Pinnacle Charter High School
 * Casa Verde High School
 * ASU Preparatory Academy, Casa Grande
 * Mission Heights Preparatory High School
 * PPEP TEC High School
 * Casa Grande Innovations Academy
 * Legacy Traditional School
 * St Anthony of Padua Catholic School (Private)
 * Logos Christian Academy (Private)
 * Central Arizona College
 * Northern Arizona University (Extended Learning Campus)

Transportation
These highways serve Casa Grande.
 * I-8 (AZ).svg Interstate 8
 * I-10 (AZ).svg Interstate 10
 * I-11.svg the proposed Interstate 11 would begin in Casa Grande and end in Las Vegas, Nevada
 * Arizona 287.svg Arizona State Route 287
 * Arizona 84.svg Arizona State Route 84
 * Arizona 387.svg Arizona State Route 387