New Canaan, Connecticut

New Canaan is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, 8 mi northeast of Stamford. The population was 19,738 according to the 2010 census.

The town is one of the wealthiest communities in the nation. In 2013, New Canaan was ranked the fifth wealthiest town in the nation on CNN Money's list of the top-earning places in the United States and in 2008 it had the highest median family income in the country.

New Canaan has two Metro-North railroad stations: the New Canaan station and the Talmadge Hill station, both on the New Canaan Branch of the New Haven Line. Travel time to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan is approximately one hour.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 22.5 sqmi, of which 22.1 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi, or 1.56%, is water. The town is served by the Merritt Parkway and by a spur line of the Metro-North Railroad. The downtown area consists of many restaurants, an old movie theater, and antique shops. There are also several churches in town, as well as the historic Roger Sherman Inn.

The town is bounded on the north by Lewisboro and Pound Ridge in Westchester County, New York, on the east by Wilton, on the southeast by Norwalk, on the south by Darien and on the southwest and west by Stamford.

The town includes the following sections: New Canaan center, Talmadge Hill, Ponus, Smith Ridge Road, Pinneys Corners, and part of Silvermine (which extends into Norwalk and Wilton).

History
In 1731, Connecticut's colonial legislature established Canaan Parish as a religious entity in northwestern Norwalk and northeastern Stamford. The right to form a Congregational church was granted to the few families scattered through the area. As inhabitants of Norwalk or Stamford, Canaan Parish settlers still had to vote, pay taxes, serve on juries, and file deeds in their home towns. Because Canaan Parish was not planned as a town, New Canaan, when incorporated in 1801, found itself without a central common, a main street or a town hall.

Until the Revolutionary War, New Canaan was primarily an agricultural community. After the war, New Canaan's major industry was shoe making. As New Canaan's shoe business gathered momentum early in the nineteenth century, instead of a central village, regional settlements of clustered houses, mill, and school developed into distinct district centers. Some of the districts were centered on Ponus Ridge, West Road, Oenoke Ridge, Smith Ridge, Talmadge Hill and Silvermine, a pattern which the village gradually outgrew.

With the 1868 advent of the railroad to New Canaan, many of New York City's wealthy residents discovered the quiet, peaceful area and built magnificent summer homes. Eventually, many of the summer visitors settled year-round, commuting to their jobs in New York City and creating the residential community that exists today.

Lewis Lapham, a founder of Texaco and great-grandfather of long-time Harper's Magazine editor Lewis H. Lapham, spent summers with his family at their estate that is now 300 acre Waveny Park next to Talmadge Hill and the Merritt Parkway.

The "Harvard Five" and modern homes
New Canaan was an important center of the modern design movement from the late 1940s through roughly the 1960s, when about 80 modern homes were built in town. About 20 have been torn down since then.

"During the late 1940s and 50s, a group of students and teachers from the Harvard Graduate School of Design migrated to New Canaan ... and rocked the world of architectural design", according to an article in PureContemporary.com, an online architecture design magazine. "Philip Johnson, Marcel Breuer, Landis Gores, John M. Johansen and Eliot Noyes – known as the Harvard Five – began creating homes in a style that emerged as the complete antithesis of the traditional build. Using new materials and open floor plans, best captured by Johnson's Glass House, these treasures are being squandered as buyers are knocking down these architectural icons and replacing them with cookie-cutter new builds."

"Other architects, well known (Frank Lloyd Wright, for example) and not so well known, also contributed significant modern houses that elicited strong reactions from nearly everyone who saw them and are still astonishing today ... New Canaan came to be the locus of the modern movement's experimentation in materials, construction methods, space, and form", according to an online description of The Harvard Five in New Canaan: Mid-Century Modern Houses, by William D. Earls.

Some other New Canaan architects designing modern homes were Victor Christ-Janer, John Black Lee, Allan Gelbin, and Hugh Smallen.

The film The Ice Storm (1997) shows many of New Canaan's modern houses, both inside and out. The film specifically takes place in a mostly glass house that resides on Laurel Road.

Taxes
In 2005, the mill rate of New Canaan was 14.0440 and is reportedly 14.586 for the 2012 fiscal year.

Emergency medical services
The New Canaan Volunteer Ambulance Corps (NCVAC) is a free, all volunteer ambulance corps with three ambulances plus two paramedic fly-cars. Founded in 1975, the unit is located at 182 South Avenue and offer regular EMT courses. Most Emergency Medical Services come from Norwalk, where there is a Hospital.

Fire department
The New Canaan Fire Department employs the professional firefighters of the New Canaan Fire Department (Local 3224), as well as the volunteers of the New Canaan Fire Company, No. 1. Founded in 1881, the New Canaan Fire Department is a combination professional/volunteer fire department that operates out of a fire station located near the center of town, with a fire apparatus fleet of engines and other vehicles. The New Canaan Fire Department responded to 886 calls for service in 2009.

Police department
The New Canaan Police (NCPD) are headquartered at 174 South Avenue.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 19,395 people, 6,822 households, and 5,280 families residing in the town. The population density was 876.5 people per square mile (338.4/km²). There were 7,141 housing units at an average density of 322.7 per square mile (124.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.27% White, 1.04% African American, 0.04% Native American, 2.29% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.38% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.74% of the population.

There were 6,822 households out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the town the population was spread out with 31.2% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.

Per the 2000 Census, the median income for a household in the town was $141,788, and the median income for a family was $175,331. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $53,924 for females. The per capita income for the town was $82,049. About 1.4% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The New Canaan Public Schools system is considered to be one of the best in Connecticut. It has also gained national recognition for its high performance; for example, a recent edition of Forbes magazine rated New Canaan as the third-ranked school district in the United States "for home value" for communities with a median home price of $800,000.

In 2009, the district was the highest performing school district in the state based on the frequency of top-tier performances on the Connecticut Mastery Tests (CMT), which are administered to all 3rd through 8th graders, and the Connecticut Academic Performance Tests (CAPT), which are given to 10th graders. In 2008, the median SAT score (verbal, math and writing) for district students was 1804, the highest in Connecticut.

In its November 2009 edition, Connecticut magazine rated New Canaan's school system first among 29 towns with a population of 15,000–25,000. That category included Darien, Wilton, Ridgefield, Avon, Simsbury, Farmington, Southbury, Guilford and other high-performing districts. The ranking was based on 2007–2009 CMT scores; results from the 2007–2009 CAPTs; local SAT scores for 2006–2008; and the percentage of 2007 high school graduates who enrolled in college.

Twenty-two students in the New Canaan High School Class of 2009 were National Merit Commended Scholars. In addition, four students were National Merit Scholars, four were National Merit Semifinalists, and one was an Hispanic National Recognition Scholar.

Of the New Canaan High School graduates who enrolled in college in the fall of 2009, 30% did so at a college designated "Most Competitive" by Barron's magazine, 24% enrolled at an institution considered "Highly Competitive", and 26% entered a college deemed to be "Very Competitive."

The New Canaan High School Library was the recipient of the 2010 National School Library Program of the Year Award, given by the American Library Association. In addition to the Award, the High School also received a $10,000 prize donated by Follet Library Resources.

The New Canaan school system is also notable for its achievements in extra-curricular activities. In 2010, the New Canaan High School won the FCIAC Cup, given to the most successful athletic program among the 19 high schools competing in the Fairfield County Interscholastic Athletic Conference. The New Canaan High School drama program won seven awards at the 2010 Connecticut High School Musical Theatre Awards.

Starting in the 2010–2011 academic year New Canaan will be one of the few school systems in Connecticut to offer foreign language instruction to students pre middle school.

In June 2012, 24/7 Wall St. ranked New Canaan as the 8th wealthiest school district in the United States.

New Canaan has five public schools:
 * Elementary Schools: West School, South School and East School
 * Middle School: Saxe Middle School
 * High School: New Canaan High School

New Canaan also has three private schools:
 * St. Aloysius School K–8
 * St. Luke's School: 5–12
 * New Canaan Country School: PS–9

Points of interest

 * New Canaan Nature Center
 * Waveny Park on South Avenue "was developed in 1912 by Lewis Lapham on what had been Prospect Farm, an early summer estate. In 1967 the Town acquired the 'castle' and 300 acre of surrounding parkland."

On the National Register of Historic Places

 * Hampton Inn – 179 Oenoke Ridge; also known as The Maples Inn, it was built by the Elwood brothers in Queen Anne, Colonial Revival style. (added November 27, 2004)
 * Hanford Davenport House – 353 Oenoke Ridge (added September 3, 1989)
 * John Rogers Studio – 33 Oenoke Ridge; built in 1878 by John Rogers, who was called "the people's sculptor" in the later 19th century. The studio houses a collection of the artist's famous groups of statuary, many sculpted on site. The studio was closed during needed restoration and scheduled to reopen in the summer of 2006. (added November 15, 1966) "He used this studio from 1876 to the end of his life. The John Rogers studio houses one of the finest collections of Rogers Groups in the nation."
 * Landis Gores House – 192 Cross Ridge Rd. "With its flat-roofed single-story form, full-height glass walls, and emphasis on horizontal planes, the house he designed for himself in New Canaan is an outstanding example" of modernist architecture. (added April 21, 2002)
 * Maxwell E. Perkins House – 63 Park St. (added June 6, 2004)
 * Philip Johnson Glass House – 798–856 Ponus Ridge Rd. (added March 18, 1997)
 * Richard and Geraldine Hodgson House – 881 Ponus Ridge Rd. (added February 28, 2005)

Notable institutions and organizations

 * New Canaan Historical Society, 13 Oenoke Ridge, operates seven museums, preserves five historic buildings, collects and preserves material thought to be of local historical value, and supports education programs such as school tours, special exhibits, seminars and publications on New Canaan history. The society was founded in 1889.
 * Silvermine Arts Center, 1037 Silvermine Road
 * Voices of September 11th
 * New Canaan Red Cross
 * New Canaan Library

Media
There are two local town papers delivered every week
 * New Canaan News
 * New Canaan Advertiser

Two daily newspapers serve the surrounding area:
 * Norwalk Hour
 * Stamford Advocate

Notable people, past and present
''For more information, see List of people from New Canaan, Connecticut


 * Thomas J. Baldwin, CEO of Morton's Restaurant Group – resident
 * Emily Barringer (1876–1961), physician and the first female ambulance surgeon – lived in town.
 * Glenn Beck, conservative TV show host on Fox News; host of radio's The Glenn Beck Program - former resident
 * George Bodenheimer, former President of ESPN – resident
 * Lorenzo Borghese, the bachelor for season nine of The Bachelor
 * Solon Borglum, sculptor
 * L. Paul Bremer, Director of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for postwar Iraq – raised in New Canaan
 * H. Keith H. Brodie, former Duke University president – former resident
 * Dave Calhoun CEO of Nielsen –- lives with his family in town
 * Bliss Carman, Canadian poet – resident for the last 20 years of his life (1909–1929)
 * Bryan Cogman, screenwriter - former resident / graduate of New Canaan High School
 * Henry S. Coleman (1926–2006), acting dean of Columbia College, Columbia University who was held hostage during the Columbia University protests of 1968.
 * Anthony Comstock, namesake of Comstock Law, born in town (George Bernard Shaw coined "comstockery" after him), namesake of Comstock Hill Rd in town
 * Harry Connick Jr., singer – resident
 * Ann Coulter, conservative author and media personality – raised in town
 * Norman Cousins, editor, peace activist – former resident
 * Roland Crandall, early animator – lived in town
 * A. J. Cronin, Scottish-born novelist – former resident
 * Ann Curry, former co-host of NBC's Today (U.S. TV program) - lives in town
 * Paul Dano, actor – raised in town
 * Jack Douglas, writer – former resident
 * Phoebe Dunn (author) Writer and photographer – former resident (until her death)
 * Mark Egan, Bassist and Composer-Resident
 * Merrill Garbus, musical artist behind Tune-Yards - raised in town
 * Gerald Green (1922–2006), author of The Last Angry Man among other works – lived in town
 * Florence Harding, former First Lady – lived in town as a young woman.
 * Katherine Heigl, actress – raised in town
 * Carl Hovde (1926–2009), professor and dean during the Columbia University protests of 1968.
 * Jeff Immelt, CEO of General Electric – lives in town
 * Philip C. Johnson (1906–2005), architect who built and lived in the Glass House in town
 * Larry Kenney, actor/voiceover-artist, host of the 1970s Bowling for Dollars, voice of Lion-O on the 1980s Thundercats cartoon and contributor to the Imus in the Morning radio show.
 * David Letterman, Late Show host – former resident
 * Christopher Lloyd, actor – his mother, who was a member of the Lapham family, sold Waveny Park to the town of New Canaan.
 * Douglas Marland, soap opera head writer
 * Martin Mull, actor and comedian of Roseanne and My Bodyguard, moved to town when he was 15 and graduated from New Canaan High School
 * David Neeleman, founder of JetBlue Airways – resident
 * Eliot Noyes, architect – former resident. Member of The Harvard Five, a group of architects including Philip Johnson, John Johansen, Marcel Breuer, Landis Gores and John Black Lee who built modern homes in the town from the 1940s through the 1970s.
 * Max Pacioretty, Montreal Canadiens forward
 * Maxwell Perkins, editor of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Thomas Wolfe and others – former resident
 * Rosemary Rice, actress (Mama), voice-over artist and children's musician
 * Christopher "Mad Dog" Russo, sports talk-show personality formerly of WFAN radio, currently with Sirius XM Radio – resident
 * Paul Simon, singer and songwriter – resident
 * Christopher Meloni, actor, Elliot Stabler of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit – resident
 * Warren Allen Smith, author of "Who's Who in Hell"
 * Stuart Symington, U.S. senator and secretary of the Air Force – died in town
 * Arthur Szyk, anti-Nazi cartoonist and book illustrator and artist
 * Bill Toomey, 1968 Olympic decathlon champion – former resident
 * Heidi Voight, Miss Connecticut 2006, actress – resident
 * Mike Wallace (journalist) (1918-2012), American media personality, spent his final years in town
 * Barry Williams of The Brady Bunch – former resident
 * Brian Williams, anchor of NBC Nightly News – resident. His daughter, actress Allison Williams, was raised in town.
 * Allison Williams, actress and daughter of Brian Williams - raised here.
 * Curtis Casali, Baseball player, currently plays for the Tampa Bay Rays AAA affiliate, the Durham Bulls - raised here.

Films shot in New Canaan
Movies at least partially filmed in New Canaan:


 * The Best Laid Plans (2009)
 * Made for Each Other (2009)
 * Revolutionary Road (2008)
 * The Stepford Wives (2004)
 * The Object of My Affection (1998)
 * The Ice Storm (1997)

Books about New Canaan

 * Public Schools Should Learn to Ski, by Stephen E. Rubin
 * The Ice Storm, by Rick Moody

References in popular culture

 * In the movie Fools Rush In, Matthew Perry's character grew up in New Canaan.
 * The exteriors of Waveny Mansion are used as Palmer Cortlandt's home in the ABC soap opera All My Children.
 * Karen suggests that Jack's father may be one of the "eight Black brothers of New Canaan, CT" in an episode of Will and Grace.
 * In the ABC drama Commander in Chief, Geena Davis' family home was in New Canaan.
 * The Neighbors are Scaring My Wolf by comic writer Jack Douglas was a 1968 book based on his experiences living in town.
 * In The Cricket In Times Square, main character Chester Cricket lives near New Canaan.
 * In one of the books in the series Gossip Girl, a minor character says he needs to stop in New Canaan.
 * The Official Preppy Handbook makes reference to New Canaan as one of the "preppiest" towns in the country.
 * In the ABC television series Sports Night, Managing Editor Isaac Jaffe (played by Robert Guillaume) lives in New Canaan.
 * In the USA television series Royal Pains Hank tells Tucker to take his father to a fictional rehab center called simon ranch in New Canaan CT.
 * "It's[Darien] detestable, but that's the way it is. It's even worse in New Canaan. There, nobody can sell or rent to a Jew." Gentleman's Agreement 1947.

For further reading

 * A Guide to God's Acre, a walking tour of the Historic District; available from the New Canaan Historical Society.
 * My Impressions of the Hour, a journal written by an early New Canaan teacher, Margaret Mary Corrigan; available from the society.
 * New Canaan: Texture of a Community, available from the society.
 * Portrait of New Canaan, available from the society.
 * A Student's Memoir, edited by Robert W.P. Cutler. A history of the Little Red Schoolhouse, based on recollections of some of the school's graduates.