Battle of Galich (1450)

Battle of Galicia The main conflict: The internecine war in Moscow Rus (1425-1453) date January 27, 1450

A place Shemyakin mountain, Galich

The result Victory of the armies of Basil the Dark

Opponents Dmitry Y. Shemyaka

Vasily Vasilyevich Dark

Commanders Dmitry Y. Shemyaka

Prince Vasily Obolensky Kasym Yakub Princes - supporters of Basil the Dark

The forces of the parties "There are many people" "Walking on foot" [1] : 209

"All power" with Prince Vasily Obolensky "The other princes and the governor are many" "All the princes" Kasym and Yakub [2] : 75 [1] : 209

Losses "Many beaten" "I do not beat all my feet a lot " "Lutchich's all hands are yasha" [1] : 209

Probably significant [3]

The battle of Galicia is one of the battles of the internecine war in Russia in the second quarter of the 15th century, which occurred on January 27, 1450 on the slope of Shemyakino Mountain near the walls of the town of Galich Mersky. Attacked the city troops Vasily Dark opposed the army Dmitry Shemyaka, personally participated in the battle. The bloody battle [3] ended with the defeat of the troops of Dmitry Yurievich and, in the future, Galich's transition to the power of Vasily Vasilyevich [4] : 140.

Contents 1	Prehistory 2	The Battle 2.1	The course of the battle 2.2	The reasons for the victory of the troops Vasily Vasilyevich 3	Consequences 4	References 5	References Prehistory During the internecine war, after April 13, 1449 near Kostroma, a truce was concluded between Dmitry Yurievich and Vasily Temny (the end did not survive); Dmitry Shemyaka went to Galich [4] : 134. In the autumn of 1449, Basil II sent an "exile warrior" to Galich, Prince Vasily Yaroslavich. Upon learning of this, Dmitry Yurievich took his wife and son from Galich to Veliky Novgorod, and himself, "in Grand Novogorod was not, having gone Galicia" [5] : Stb. 192 [4] : 136, 137.

At the end of 1449 - the beginning of 1450, Vasily Vasilyevich made a campaign against Dmitri Shemyaka "with his strength and with Tatar" [5] : Stb. 192 . Having received news that Dmitri Yurievich is moving towards Vologda, Vasily Dark went not to Galich, as was supposed at the beginning of the campaign, but to the northern Kostroma volosts Iledam and Obnor , intending to move from there to meet Dmitry in Vologda. Vasily reached the church of St. Nicholas on Renovation, when he was informed that Dmitry Yurievich had turned to Galich. Basil II "turn back to the bottom, and go up to Kostroma " [1] : 209, went to Iron Bork and stopped atIoanno-Predtechensky Monastery , not far from the mouth of the Voksy River. Here Vasily learned that Dmitri Yurievich already in Galicia, "there are many people around him, and the city is fastening and preparing guns, and walking on foot with him, and he stands in front of the city with all his might." Vasily the Dark, appointing Prince Vasily Obolensky the chief voivode, sent to Galich "his princes and the governor with all his strength," and "many other princes and the governor are many, then the prince also released all the princes with them" [1] : 209 [4] : 139, 140.

The battle Progress of the battle

The layout of the defensive structures of ancient Galich (according to PA Rappoport). From the book: Tits AA On the land of ancient Galich. On January 27, 1450, the troops of Prince Vasily Obolensky, moving along the ice-covered Waks, reached Galich. Dmitry Yurievich "with all his strength" settled down on the mountain under the city, "without acting from the spot." The governors of Basil the Dark came to the mountain from the side of the lake and began climbing it from the ravines, "fearing, however, the mountain is steep". From Galich, fire was opened on them ("the first guns of the town began to be flooded, and the mattresses, and they squeaked , and the gunshots"), but "in no way were they all" and "did not kill anyone. And so, instead of slaughtering, and being sowing evil, "in the ensuing hand-to-hand battle, the regiments of Vasily the Dark have won -" many beaten, and all the hands of Yasha, and the prince himself barely escapes, and the foot of the army does not beat all the little, and the city is shut up "[1] : 209 [4] : 140.

Having received news of the victory of his troops, Vasily Vasilyevich arrived from Zheleznogorsk to Galich; having learned about his arrival, the townspeople "gave themselves over to him". "Omiriv" Galich, Vasily the Dark one planted his viceroy in the city, and returned "to Moscow on the Maslenu week , and Shemyaka escaped to Novogorod to the Great" [1] : 209 [4] : 140.

The shafts of the fortifications of Galich at the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century. Photo from the book: Tits AA On the land of ancient Galich. In 1784, Vasily Tatishchev in the fourth volume of The History of the Russian published the following description of the battle of Galich without reference to the sources: "The voivodes of the Grand Prince have gone from lake to mountain, fearing that the mountain is steep. And straightening out of those enemies entered the mountain, starting the regiment to converge. First fight Saltan Qasim with his regiment, then all the half-way, and the battle is strong for a long time, padah people from both sides. Prince Dimitri went on the shelves of his compulsion, vedy bod his death was looking for breaking; takozh Prince Vasily Ivanovich, not even though he went about himself everywhere, helping. Prince Dmitri Ryapolovskywith the court of the Grand Duke seeing the battle continue, hit the middle of Shemyakin's regiment and the bifurcation; start sowing the two; and Prince Vasily Ivanovitch stepped on foot with the left regiments, and Saltan to them on the right Shemyakins. Dimitria saw his own bifurcated breeze and did not know where to help and run. Then God help the great Prince Vasily Vasilyevich: the victory of Shemyakin's regiment and its pedestrians is not enough to beat the whole thing; not to the mogusch Prince to escape, but for the horses do not dasha dasha, luchi the same people otvetama. The city of Galich, shut up, and the Voevods of the Grand Duke Stash on bones, having ordered the dead funeral " [6] : 579, 580.

The reasons for the victory of troops Vasily Vasilyevich Nikolai Karamzin noted: while Dmitry Yurievich's army had a "favor of location", Vasily Dark's squads had "superiority in forces" [7] : 339. Numerous regiments Vasily Vasilievich noted Nikolai Polevoy [8] : 391. According to Nikolai Borisov, the reasons for the victory of Vasily Dark's troops were the numerical superiority (and, in particular, the greater number of cavalry ), "higher combat skills," superiority in armament, participation in the battle of the Tatars, frightened "unaccustomed to fighting the" pagan "Galicians his wild screams and incredible dexterity in the saddle " [9] : 117, 118.

Consequences According to Alexander Zimin, "After the fall of Galic, Dmitry Shemyaka's fate was sealed" [4] : 141. Historians regarded battle under Galich as " last bloody action Princely civil wars" [7] : 339, "terrible defeat" [10] : 92 , "a decisive defeat" [4] : 199 Dmitry Jurevicha. In the battle almost all the Galician "foot soldiers" perished : [4] : 200. Nevertheless, Dmitry Yurievich continued to struggle with Vasily Vasilyevich for another three years [4] : 142-153.