East Riding of Yorkshire

The East Riding of Yorkshire is a with  status, and a  of. It is named after the East Riding of  (one of three s alongside the  and ), which also constituted a ceremonial and  until 1974. From 1974 to 1996 the area of the modern East Riding of Yorkshire constituted the northern part of.

As a ceremonial county, it borders, and , and includes the city of , which is a separate unitary authority. As a district it borders (over the  estuary),  (over the Humber and on land), Hull,, , ,  and.

By area, the East Riding is both the largest district and the largest unitary authority area in England. By population, it is the second largest (unitary or not) in England, after.

Geography
Geologically the East Riding is split into two parts. The western part is the, a chalk formation which extends from the at  to the coast at , a chalk headland. The south-east of the district is the low-lying coastal plain of, which faces east to the , and to the south drains into the Humber estuary. South of Flamborough Head is, which features a number of beaches, and at the far south-east of the district is the peninsula.

The coastline has retreated noticeably in the last 2,000 years with many former settlements now flooded, particularly and, which was a major port until its destruction in the. 

Erosion remains a concern in the area. Works on upgrading sea-defences started in in 2005, and village of  is also to have defences upgrade. . Visitors have been warned by the Humber Coastguard to be very careful on coastal paths near Flamborough Head. 

The district is generally rural, with no towns approaching the size of Hull. There are a few market towns such as, , , and , and the coastal towns of  and. In the south the district contains areas such as which are part of the Hull urban area but outside the city boundaries.

The East Riding district drains mostly into the Humber. The eponymous drains the area north of Kingston.

The district is entirely : Hull has no parishes. From 1996 Beverley had Charter Trustees to maintain the charter of the : these were replaced by a Beverley Town Council in 1999, and Bridlington was parished in 1999. The unparished area consisting of the urban district of was divided into various parishes in 1999 and 2000.

See also:.

Demographics
According to the 2001 census, the district had a population of 314,113, and the most populous parishes are Bridlington (34,000), Goole (17,000), Beverley (17,000), (17,000, part of the Hull urban area),  (15,000, by Hull), Driffield (11,000),  (10,000, by Hull),  (8,000) and  (8000, by Hull),  (8,000) and  (7,000). Half the district's population reside in these 11 parishes, with the other half living in the other 160 parishes. In comparison, Hull's population according to the same census was 243,589. The population density of the district is around 135 people per square km, which makes it the least densely populated unitary authority after the, and.

The population of the East Riding is skewed to be older than average for England, with 18.4% of the people in the 2001 census being over 65 compared to 15.8% in England generally. There is a particularly strong deficit in the number of young adults. 

The district is one of the least, with the census reporting 98.8% of the inhabitants being white. Hull itself is also quite monoethnic for a city of its size, with the census reporting 97.7% white.

History
The East Riding originated in antiquity. The separate Lieutenancy for the riding was established after the, and the ridings each had separate.

For statistical purposes in the an East Riding of Yorkshire  was designated, consisting of the entirety of the s of Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Howden, Hull, Patrington, Pocklington, Sculcoates, Skirlaugh and York, thus excluding parts of the historic riding around  and  (which are also excluded from the modern district), but also including the city of York and environs (more usually associated with the West Riding). These poor law unions formed the basis of s in.

A county council for the East Riding of Yorkshire was set up in 1889, covering an which did not cover the  of Hull, but otherwise had the same boundaries as the historic riding. Apart from Hull the East Riding contained two s, and.

Under the the rest of the administrative county was divided into s and s.  The rural districts were based on the rural sanitary districts, with, , , , , , ,  and  being formed as-is.

Several other rural districts were formed by divisions of rural sanitary districts to conform to the administrative county borders : and  came from Scarborough and Malton RSDs respectively (otherwise in North Riding);  from Selby RSD (otherwise in the West Riding); and  which was previously part of  (which covered all three ridings). Urban districts were Cottingham,, (from 1899), , ,  and.

The East Riding's only large town is Hull, a major port. Hull's population of which rose rapidly in the late : quadrupling from about 60,000 in 1851 to 240,000 in 1901. Other towns in the riding did not have similar growth and remain small: Bridlington's permanent population remained largely static in the same period, increasing from 6,000 to around 7,000. By 1971 the riding had a population of slightly over 500,000. In comparison, the (including county boroughs) saw extensive urbanisation and the formation of several conurbations, and had a population of nearly 4,000,000 in 1971, and the  a population of about 700,000. Beverley was once a town of some importance, with and. The college was suppressed along with the monastery in the (see ) and the town entered a decline in relative importance, although gaining a charter of incorporation in 1573, having previously been under the. Beverley benefited somewhat from the proximity of Hull during the, and became the county town for the East Riding administrative county in 1892. Bridlington obtained status in 1899, having become a  (as had  and ), although not matching the population growth of  further up the coast in the North Riding.

The county districts underwent a major reorganisation in 1935 :


 * formed from most of Esrick RD, Riccal RD and part of Howden RD (which continued in existence)
 * formed from Patrington RD and Skirlaugh RD
 * Sherburn RD abolished, split between Bridlington RD, Norton RD and part to Filey UD
 * Sculcoates RD abolished, mostly to Beverley RD
 * Great Driffield urban district made smaller and renamed Driffield, the rural part going to parish in
 * an of  formed to cover the urbanised area west of Hull, from  and  urban districts, and parts of  (including,  and parts of other parishes)
 * Pocklington urban district abolished and added to Pocklington RD

Both the administrative county and the historic Lieutenancy were abolished under the, on , with most of the riding going to form the northern part of. Some parts became part of, with the borough of taking in  UD and part of the , the district of  taking in  and the former , and the district of  taking in the former. Humberside also included northern Lincolnshire, and and the former, which are in the historic.

The creation of a cross-Humber authority was unpopular, despite the promise of the (which ultimately opened in 1981), and identification with Yorkshire and the East Riding remained strong (for example, North Wolds District Council change its name to East Yorkshire District Council in the early 1980s, with Beverley also taking the name 'East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley'.  This culminated with the  in the, which saw Humberside abolished and the northern part form two.

The East Riding district was formed on  from the former districts of,  and , along with the northern part of the  district, including the Goole area which forms part of the historic West Riding (attaching it to the districts of  or  were proposed but rejected). The ceremonial county, the area in which the represents, was re-established the same day, covering Hull as well as the district.

Politics and government
The council elects on a four-yearly cycle with all seats up for election at the same time. It first had elections in - a year before it came into its powers - as a. Between 1995 and 2007 the council was in, however in the the  gained a majority of seats, including those of the  and  leaders'. The council has a leader-and-executive system, the leader being Stephen Parnaby of the Conservatives.

2007 local election results
East Riding of Yorkshire Council is based in Beverley, in the former headquarters of, and East Riding County Council before that.

Both the East Riding and Hull are still covered by the area and the.

For representation in the the bulk of the East Riding district is divided into three :,  and , which are all Conservative-held. One of Hull's three borough constituencies,, spills into the area, as does , otherwise in. All the Hull seats are Labour-held, with being the seat of.

Transport
The East Riding has only a small segment of. Part of the serves to link  area to  and the national motorway network, whilst the  incidentally passes the district border near Goole. Primary roads in the district include the, , , , , and the.

is a large railway station, served by lines to the west (the, running to and  and the , running to  and ), and to the north (the , which serves ). See Railway stations in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

Train operators active in the area include, and. are an 'open access' operator established in 2002 running services from. Access to London is by the, reached at.

The, a road-only bridge, and part of the , links , west of Hull, with in. West of this the next crossing of the river (the at this point) are three bridges near, a railway bridge, the M62 bridge and the. Ferries historically have linked (called simply Ferriby on the Yorkshire side), with South Ferriby on the Lincolnshire side.

, located on the other side of the Humber estuary, serves the region.

Economy
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of East Riding of Yorkshire at current basic prices published (pp.240-253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Sport
Hull is the main centre for national-level sport in the region. are a  team. There are two teams based in the town:  and  both teams play in the.

Media
The region is covered by the and  television regions. Local analogue s include,, , and. A local multiplex is based around Humberside.

station serves the  area on 105.3.

Newspapers include the, owned by the group. An has recently been launched as a sister paper to this. Other newspapers in the area include the, , the , the and the.

Places of interest

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See also:.