July 23

Events

 * - 300 colonists bound for depart.
 * - The ns conquer.
 * - In the, patents the , a precurser to the.
 * - Corner stones laid for construction of the in Ohio
 * - The is created by the.
 * - : takes command of the.
 * - is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of.
 * - The, the world's oldest international sport federation, was founded.
 * - Motor Company sold its first car.
 * - issues an  to Serbia allowing the Austrians to find out who killed . When Serbia denies Austria-Hungary their demands  is sparked on ,
 * - buys the patents of the  for recording sound onto.
 * - government in  ban the use of foreign words.
 * - In, , the is founded through the merger of socialist and communist parties.
 * - US Under Secretary of State `s declaration on the US non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three -,  and.
 * - : The extermination camp is opened
 * 1942 - : signed the.
 * - The process against begins.
 * - Establishment of the.
 * 1952  - General  leads the  (formed by  - the real power behind the coup) in the overthrow of King.
 * - The Loi Cadre is passed by the French Republic in order to order French overseas territory affairs.
 * - (FSLN) founded in.
 * - relays the first live trans-  signal.
 * 1962  - The  was signed.
 * - : In, one of the worst s in begins on 12th Street in the predominantly  inner city (43 killed, 342 injured and ~1,400 buildings burned).
 * - : In, a violent shootout between a organization led by  and the Cleveland Police Department occurred. During the shootout, a riot began that lasted for five days.
 * 1968  - The first and only successful hijacking of an  aircraft took place when a 707 carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers was taken over by three members of the  (PFLP). The aircraft was en route from, , to ,.
 * -, becomes Sultan of after overthrowing his father,.
 * - The launches, first Earth-resources.
 * - The decides to end commercial  by 1985-86.
 * - Around 3,000 were slaughtered by   majority in  and some 400,000 Tamils fled to neighboring,  and a lot found refuge in  and . This incident, known as  led directly to beginning of.
 * 1983  - :  flight 143 lands "dead-stick" in.
 * - becomes the first  to resign when she surrenders her crown after  photos of her appeared in  magazine.
 * - In, marries  at.
 * - General, effective ruler of since  resigns after pro-democracy protests.
 * - A commission, led by, establishes it is necessary to limit rights of  people and non-married couples.
 * - is discovered and is visibly seen with a naked eye nearly a year later.
 * - files  charges against chipmaker.
 * 1997  - Spree killer  commits suicide in the upstairs bedroom aboard a Miami houseboat to avoid capture by the police
 * - Crown Prince Mohammed Ben Al-Hassan, is crowned of Morroco at the death of his father.
 * 1999  -  is  in.
 * - Eleven years after its destruction, (the Old Bridge) in  is reopened.
 * - the Naama Bay area of, , killing 88 people.

Births

 * -, Sixth caliph of Islam (d. )
 * - Duke (d. )
 * - King (d. )
 * -, Queen of the Romans (d. )
 * - (d. )
 * -, English topographer (d. )
 * -, French physicist and mathematician (d. )
 * -, German painter (d. )
 * -, Swedish composer (d. )
 * -, Canadian Catholic priest and archbishop (d. )
 * -, French violinist (d. )
 * -, Indian freedom fighter (d. )
 * -, Danish Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (d. )
 * -, Swiss actor (d. )
 * -, Spanish League of Nations official (d. )
 * 1886  -, German physicist (d. )
 * -, American-born author (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, English character actor (d. )
 * -, American actress (d. )
 * -, American economist (d. )
 * 1898  -, Canadian ice hockey player (d. )
 * -, 3rd (d. )
 * -, American actor and rodeo cowboy (d. )
 * -, Croatian chemist, (d. )
 * 1906  -, Indian revolutionary (d. )
 * -, English actor (d. )
 * -, English politician
 * - Dutch comedian and actor (d. )
 * 1918  -, American baseball player (d. )
 * -, American actor (d. )
 * -, Cuban baseball player (d. )
 * 1923  -, American writer (d. )
 * 1923  -, Mexican singer (d. )
 * -, British-born screenwriter (d. )
 * -, French film director and screenwriter (d. )
 * -, American author (d. )
 * -, Māori Queen (d. )
 * 1931  -, French Canadian author and screenwriter
 * 1931  -, French Canadian film director and screenwriter
 * -, American game show host and performer (d. )
 * -, Danish artist
 * -, Punjabi revolutionary (d. )
 * 1936  -, American baseball player (d. )
 * 1936  -, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
 * -, American
 * 1938  -, American actor
 * 1938  -, German actor
 * 1938  -, American convicted murderer; father of  (d. )
 * 1938  -, Australian actor and television show host
 * -, American talk radio host
 * -, English murderer (d. )
 * 1942  -, Australian politician
 * -, American nuclear freeze advocate (d. )
 * 1943  -, American singer and songwriter
 * -, American author
 * 1947  -, English singer
 * -, Northern Irish politician
 * 1948  -, American politician and former rock musician
 * -, Romanian-born American judge
 * -, American actress
 * -, American ice hockey player (d. )
 * -, English cricketer
 * -, Dutch film director (d. )
 * 1957  -, Greek basketball player
 * -, English musician and songwriter
 * 1961  -, American actor
 * 1961  -, Quebec humorist  and author
 * -, American actor
 * -, American marijuana activist
 * -, English musician
 * 1965  -, English guitarist (ex-)
 * -, American actor
 * -, American musician, drummer
 * 1968  -, American basketball player
 * 1968  -, American supermodel
 * -, American actress
 * 1970  -, German writer
 * -, American singer
 * 1971  -, American singer and fiddler
 * 1971  -, American musician
 * -, American actor
 * -, American baseball player
 * 1973  -, American actor
 * 1973  -,  Scottish rock musician
 * 1973  -, American White House intern
 * -, American football player
 * 1974  -, American athlete
 * 1974  -, American actress
 * 1974  -, Samoan-born professional wrestler
 * 1974  -, Belgian cyclist
 * 1974  -, American actress
 * -, South Korean actress
 * 1975  -,  actor
 * -, Hungarian chess player
 * 1976  -, Canadian musician
 * -, Ecuadorian footballer
 * 1977  -, American ice hockey player
 * -, Northern Irish footballer
 * 1978  -, Singaporean singer
 * -, Brazilian racing driver
 * -, American singer
 * -, Canadian drummer
 * -, American actor
 * 1983  -, Australian actress
 * 1983  -, American swimmer
 * -, American professional basketball player
 * -, Mexican footballer
 * -, English actor
 * -, American actress

Deaths

 * -, Chinese Taoist (b. )
 * -, Swedish saint (b. )
 * -, English rebel (executed) (b. )
 * -, Marshal of Normandy and husband of
 * -, English printer (b. )
 * -, French scholar (b. )
 * -, Italian composer (b. )
 * -, Irish-born religious leader (b. )
 * -, English naturalist (b. )
 * -, Swiss-born Continental Congressman (b. )
 * -, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. )
 * -, Boer leader (b. )
 * -, American inventor and entrepreneur (b. )
 * -, Bohemian physician (b. )
 * -, 18th (b. )
 * -, Scottish chemist, (b. )
 * -, German-born rancher (b. )
 * -, Mexican revolutionary (b. )
 * -, American classical scholar (b. )
 * -, American aviation pioneer (b. )
 * -, Polish engineer (suicide) (b. )
 * -, American film director (b. )
 * -, leader of Vichy France (b. )
 * 1951  -, American filmmaker (b. )
 * -, 47th , (b. )
 * -, American actor (b. )
 * -, English scientist, (b. )
 * -, American actor (b. )
 * -, French journalist and novelist (b. )
 * -, anarchist agitator and American political prisoner (b. )
 * 1980  -, Mayor of Montreal (b. )
 * 1980  -, American pianist  (b. )
 * -, American actor (b. )
 * -, French composer (b. )
 * -, English cricketer (b. )
 * -, American author (b. )
 * -, father of (b. )
 * -, Greek actress (b. )
 * -, Japanese athlete (b. )
 * - King (b. )
 * -, American author (b. )
 * -, Australian actor (b. )
 * 2002  -, American author and activist (b. )
 * 2002  -, American novelist and rabbi (b. )
 * -, New York City councilman (murdered) (b. )
 * -, Indian actor (b. )
 * 2004  -, Portuguese musician and composer (b. )
 * 2004  -, Italian musician, conductor and composer (b. )
 * 2004  -, French singer and actor (b. )
 * -, American jazz guitarist and teacher (b. )
 * -, Quebec writer and journalist (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * -, (b. )

Holidays and observances

 * - held in honor of
 * - Celebration of the birthday of
 * - Celebration of the birthday of
 * ,, confessor [northern Germany]
 * , widow [Bamberg, Mainz, Münster, Riga]