April 13

It is also the (middle day) of.

Events

 * - is consecrated.
 * - is crowned.
 * - issues the.
 * - The sacks.
 * - The is defeated in,  is captured.
 * - The Grand Union of the order formed when  issues a  Licet ecclesiae catholicae.
 * - issues the, allowing  to the s.
 * - 's  makes its world-premiere in,.
 * - The grants  to.
 * - becomes a.
 * - : surrenders to Confederate forces.
 * - ends as British and Indian troops capture.
 * - is convicted of.
 * - opens his first store in.
 * - The Establishment of the.
 * 1919  - :  troops  at least 379 unarmed demonstrators in,.
 * - Foundation of the.
 * - is established in.
 * - In, the (Indian Red Army) is formed and vows to engage in armed struggle against the.
 * - Pact of between the  and  is signed.
 * - : The discovery of a of    by  forces in the  was announced in, driving a wedge between the  , the  in , and the.
 * 1943  -, ,  and  take part in  escape attempt.
 * 1943  - The  is dedicated in, on the 200th anniversary of 's birth.
 * - troops massacre more than 1000 political and military prisoners in  . The atrocity is discovered two days later by  forces.
 * - director Allen Dulles launches the mind controle program.
 * - publishes the first James Bond novel,.
 * - Closure of the.
 * - An tank aboard  explodes, putting the crew into deadly peril.
 * - The decides to recognize the  as the only legitimate  representative, effectively expelling the  administering.
 * - (in cooperation with  and ) launches the  first commercial ,.
 * - An attack by unidentified gunmen on a church in Ain El Remmeneh followed by an attack on a bus that killed 17 civilians,  marks the beginning of a 15 year.
 * - Timothy Lee Forrest is born in at 8:19 a.m.
 * - is elected as the first   in  history.
 * - India moves into thus annexed more territory from the.
 * 1984  -  becomes the first  in  history to collect 4,000 hits.
 * - is succeeded by  as the leader of.
 * - and the  sign an agreement in which  would be returned to the latter in.
 * - resigns as   leader following the party's defeat by the  in the  four days earlier.
 * - becomes the youngest er to win golf's.
 * - 21 Students from Makrohori,, are killed when their bus collides with a truck carrying lumber, at the.
 * - 21 Students from Makrohori,, are killed when their bus collides with a truck carrying lumber, at the.

Births

 * -, French Jesuit theologian (d. )
 * -, wife of (d. )
 * -, third wife of Philip II of Spain (d. )
 * -, English Catholic conspirator (d. )
 * - (d. )
 * -, English statesman (d. )
 * -, French writer (d. )
 * -, French mystic (d. )
 * -, President of the United States in Congress Assembled (d. )
 * -, Bishop of Dromore and magazine editor (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, New York delegate to the Continental Congress (d. )
 * -, 3rd (New style date) (d. )
 * - (d. )
 * -, French marshal (d. )
 * -, English painter (d. )
 * -, English engineer and inventor (d. )
 * -, Irish engineer (d. )
 * -, Prussian field marshal (d. )
 * -, U.S. congressman (d. )
 * -, Austrian zoologist (d. )
 * -, Italian inventor (d. )
 * -, Canadian journalist and politician (d. )
 * -, English theologian and Bishop of Durham (d. )
 * -, Ecuadoran author (d. )
 * -, French sculptor (d. )
 * -, British astronomer (d. )
 * -, American surgeon (d. )
 * -, American businessman (d. )
 * -, Belgian painter (d. )
 * -, American outlaw (d. )
 * -, Austrian writer (d. )
 * -, American politician (d. )
 * -, President of Stanford University and U.S. Secretary of the Interior (d. )
 * -, Director of the New Deal art projects during the Great Depression (d. )
 * -, Canadian film studio owner (d. )
 * -, Hungarian-born philosopher and literary critic (d. )
 * 1885  -, American baseball player (d. )
 * -, Canadian physician and President of the Canadian Medical Association (d. )
 * -, American cryptographer (d. )
 * -, American public servant (d. )
 * -, Australian winner of the Victoria Cross (d. )
 * 1891  -, African-American novelist (d. )
 * -, British Air Force commander in World War II (d. )
 * 1892  - Sir, Scottish inventor (d. )
 * -, thirteenth (d. )
 * -, German World War I pilot (d. )
 * -, American architect and inventor of the (d. )
 * -, French painter and photographer (d. )
 * -, French psychoanalyst and semanticist (d. )
 * -, French race car driver and wine grower (d. )
 * - Sir, British philanthropist and entrepreneur (d. )
 * -, Irish writer, (d. )
 * 1906  -, American jazz musician (d. )
 * -, American Presidential candidate (d. )
 * -, Polish mathematician (d. )
 * 1909  -, American writer (d. )
 * -, Croatian footballer (d. )
 * 1911  -, Canadian entrepreneur, racehorse owner and philanthropist (d. )
 * -, American actress, journalist, and children's book publisher (d. )
 * -, French journalist
 * 1919  -, American actor, singer, and president of the Screen Actors Guild (d. )
 * 1919  -, American atheist activist (d. )
 * 1919  -, American radio and television announcer (d. )
 * -, Italian banker (d. )
 * 1920  -, French politician
 * 1920  -, fifth  of the
 * 1920  -, American musician (d. )
 * -, British novelist (d. )
 * 1922  -, Tanzanian politician (d. )
 * -, American actor and comedian (d. )
 * -, American evangelist
 * 1924  -, American film director
 * 1926  -, Greek actress
 * -, French film actor (d. )
 * -, English politician (d. )
 * -, French film director and screenwriter (d. )
 * 1931  -, American race car driver
 * 1931  -, co-creator of  (d. )
 * -, Chilean politician (d. )
 * -, U.S. Senator
 * -, American actor
 * -, English actor
 * 1937  -, American playwright
 * -, Irish writer,
 * 1939  -, American actor
 * -, British racing driver (d. )
 * 1940  -, Scottish footballer (d. )
 * -, American geneticist,
 * -, American composer
 * -, American alpine skier
 * -, American musician (, Hot Tuna)
 * 1944  -, American politician
 * 1944  -, musician, The Pretty Things (d. )
 * -, American actor
 * 1945  -, American country/rock singer/guitarist  (d. )
 * 1945  -, American football player (d. )
 * 1945  -, Australian actress
 * 1945  -, American actor
 * -, American singer and pastor
 * -, Greek composer & former minister
 * -, British politician
 * 1948  -, Chief of Naval Operations of
 * -, Scottish politician
 * 1949  -, English-born journalist, critic, and author
 * 1949  -, Argentine racing driver
 * -, American actor (d. )
 * 1950  -, American actor
 * 1950  -, American actor
 * -, American singer
 * 1951  -, English actor
 * 1951  -, East German footballer
 * 1951  -, American drummer
 * -, American space administrator
 * 1952  -, British politician
 * 1952  -, British-Indian actor
 * -, British politician
 * -, Danish singer and winner
 * -, Mayor of Hamburg
 * 1955  -, Mexican boxer
 * -, New Zealand rally driver (d. )
 * 1956  -, British activist
 * -, American actress
 * 1957  -, Scottish cricketer
 * -, German football coach
 * 1960  -, German cyclist
 * -, American rock bassist
 * -, former baseball player and manager
 * 1962  -, Israeli-born guitarist  (d. )
 * 1962  -, American actress
 * -, Russian chess player
 * -, Canadian actress
 * -, Argentinean architect
 * -, Tunisian football player
 * 1966  -, American musician
 * -, Puerto Rican singer
 * -, American professional wrestler
 * 1970  -, Scottish footballer
 * 1970  -, American actor
 * -, Russian actress
 * 1971  -, American basketball player
 * 1971  -, Dutch singer
 * -, Polish ice hockey player
 * 1972  -, American singer
 * -, British Race Driver
 * 1974  -, Russian ice hockey player
 * 1974  -, Australian soccer player
 * -, German-born musician and artist
 * 1975  -, English footballer
 * -, American actor (d. )
 * 1976  -, Czech ice hockey player
 * 1976  -, South Korean actor
 * -, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1978  -, American actor
 * 1978  -, Spanish footballer
 * 1978  -, American Idol finalist
 * -, American basketball player
 * 1979  -, American tennis player
 * -, Czech pornographic actress
 * 1980  -, American basketball player
 * 1980  -, American voice actress
 * -, American singer
 * 1982  -, Hong Kong singer
 * 1982  -, Hong Kong singer
 * -, South African rugby player
 * -, American internet entertainer
 * -, Brazilian footballer
 * -, American actress
 * -, American actress

Deaths

 * -, Italian monk and chronicler
 * -, Khan of Bulgaria
 * - Prince (b. )
 * -, Polish duke
 * -, Tsar of Russia
 * -, Druze Prince of Lebanon (executed)
 * -, French Huguenot leader (b. )
 * -, English clergyman (b. )
 * -, French author (b. )
 * -, Irish Anglican theologian (b. )
 * -, French revolutionary (b. )
 * -, French writer (b. )
 * -, German composer (b. )
 * -, German chemist (b. )
 * 1853  -, Governor of North Carolina (b. )
 * -, English geologist (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * -, Scottish botanist (b. )
 * -, German theologian (b. )
 * -, of the  (b. )
 * -, British lawyer (b. )
 * -, British painter (b. )
 * -, Governor of Kansas (b. )
 * 1911  -, Governor of New Hampshire (b. )
 * -, Japanese author (b. )
 * -, Russian general (b. )
 * -, American swing bandleader (b. )
 * -, proponent of nature conservation (b. )
 * -, American astronomer (b. )
 * -, French composer and pianist (b. )
 * -, German philosopher (b. )
 * -, Premier of Nova Scotia (b. )
 * -, Dutch conductor (b. )
 * -, Governor of California (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * 1966  -, French writer (b. )
 * -, Canadian ice hockey player (b. )
 * 1971  -, Estonian author (b. )
 * -, American actor (b. )
 * 1975  -, first  (b. )
 * -, Canadian artist and film maker (b. )
 * -, Austrian racing driver (b. )
 * - Prince of Japan (b. )
 * -, Greek poet, author, doctor and naturalist (b. )
 * - . British actor (b. )
 * 1984  -, American musician (b. )
 * - . American actor (b. )
 * -, American writer (car accident) (b. )
 * -, American author, publisher, military figure, and actress (b. )
 * 1997  -, Estonian wrestler, Olympic medalist (b. )
 * -, French skydiver and skysurfing pioneer (b. )
 * -, New Zealand chess player "Mr NZ Chess" (b. )
 * 1999  -, German politician (b. )
 * -, Italian writer (b. )
 * -, Postal Inspector and "Father" of the (b. )
 * -, Northern Irish racecar driver (b. )
 * -, baseball player (b. )
 * 2004  -, British television presenter (b. )
 * -, baseball player (b. )
 * 2005  -, American blues musician (b. )
 * 2005  -, Irish singer (b. )
 * -, baseball player (b. )
 * -, Māori actor and film director (b. circa )

Holidays and observances

 * First day of.
 * First day of.
 * Day is celebrated in Massachusetts
 * is observed on this day in the year
 * is observed on this day in the year

Liturgical feasts
In the Catholic Church:
 * The of  in the  Church.
 * (Jacopo Guidi)
 * (Jacopo Guidi)
 * (Jacopo Guidi)
 * (Jacopo Guidi)
 * (Jacopo Guidi)
 * (Jacopo Guidi)
 * (Jacopo Guidi)