July 20

Events

 * - assumes the papacy of the.
 * - : -  takes the last rebel stronghold of the war.
 * - Ottoman-Timurid Wars: -, ruler of , defeated forces of the  sultan.
 * - forces under the command of King  defeats the forces of the  at the.
 * - The takes effect in.
 * - : French explorer  reaches the western shore of.
 * - Citizens of, declare independence from.
 * - An mob in, destroys the  for the .*
 * - : The of the  begins sitting in.
 * - American Civil War: - Near,  forces led by   unsuccessfully attack   under.
 * - : - The , led by  , defeats the  near the island of  in the.
 * - joins the confederation of.
 * - The awards the first  for  to.
 * - ing in by  workers is put down by the state, resulting in nine deaths.
 * - :  leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to  troops at ,
 * - legalises ism in  under pressure from the.
 * - The troops sent by to  to end the  are recalled.
 * - Motor Company shipped its first car.
 * - A on the  near  kills thirty and injures seventy more.
 * - : In, Russian troops capture.
 * 1916  - American er,  plays his last match for the
 * - World War I: The, which leads to the creation of the post- , is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
 * - :  troops cross the.
 * - service begins between  and.
 * 1921  - Congresswoman  became the first woman to preside over the.
 * - The awards mandates of  to  and  to the.
 * -, comes under  after the American vice , , is killed by a religious mob enraged by rumors he had poisoned a fountain and killed several people.
 * - A convention of the votes to allow women to become priests.
 * - The government of issues a decree ordering  to end their nomadic ways, settle permanently in one place, and subject themselves to the same laws and taxes as other Hungarians.
 * - troops attempt to cross the  into  near  as tensions mount between the  and the.
 * - In, police fire on  veterans part of the  who attempt to march to the.
 * 1932  - Crowds in the capitals of  and  demand their governments declare war on the other after fighting on their border.
 * -  and  Cardinal  sign a  on behalf of their respective nations.
 * 1933  - In, 500,000 march against.
 * 1933  - :  Two-hundred ish merchants are arrested in  and paraded through the streets.
 * - Labor unrest in the US, as police in fire upon striking, wounding fifty;  police led by the mayor police fire  on and club 2,000 striking , and the  calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the  docks.
 * - : A  plane en route from  to  crashes into a Swiss mountain, killing thirteen.
 * 1935  - Riots between  and  over a mosque in,  leave eleven dead.
 * - The is signed in, authorizing  to fortify the  and  but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
 * - Two black men accused of stabbing a policeman are taken by a mob from the county jail in and.
 * - The files suit in  against the  industry charging violations of .  The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in.
 * - leaves the.
 * 1940  - US President  signs the, limiting political activity by Federal government employees.
 * -  consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the  and names  its chief.
 * - :  troops take s over the  near.
 * 1942  - World War II: The first unit of the  begins training in.
 * - World War II: American and Canadian troops conquer on.
 * - World War II: survives an assassination attempt (known as the ) led by German Army Colonel.
 * 1944  - World War II:  American troops land on  near.
 * 1944  - Fifty are hurt in rioting in front of the  in.
 * - The approves the.
 * - World War II: The 's  says  was completely blameless for the ese  and calls for a unified command structure in the armed forces.
 * - Police in arrest former Prime Minister  and 19 others on charges of assassinating Prime Minister  and seven members of his cabinet.
 * 1947  - The  says the people of the  overwhelmingly voted the previous day to join  rather than.
 * - US President issues a peacetime  in the  amid increasing tensions with the.
 * 1948  - In, twelve leaders of the  are indicted under the  including  and.
 * - and  sign a truce to end their nineteen-month war.
 * - : In,  pleads guilty to spying for the  by passing secrets from atomic scientist.
 * - King is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in.
 * - The votes to make  a permanent agency.
 * - :, head of 's secret service, defects to.
 * 1954  - At, an  is signed that ends fighting in  and divides the country along the 17th.
 * - Twenty-six are dead in an explosion at a military base near,.
 * - The admits.
 * - Ceylon (now ) elects Prime Minister, the world's first elected female head of government.
 * 1960  - The  is successfully launched from a submarine, the , for the first time.
 * 1960  -  defends its intervention in the  to the  while the government of the Congo appeals to the  to send troops to push back the Belgians.  The governments of the  and  and the  warn the Soviets to stay out of the dispute.
 * 1960  - The head of the  Department at the, , is arrested for.
 * - forces break the n  of.
 * - s in kill 40.
 * - : forces attack the capital of, , killing 11 ese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
 * - In, two protesters, one a priest and the other a , are shot by a deputy sheriff.  The seminarian dies of his wounds.
 * 1965  -  prime minister  returns from a visit to  and announces the  will provide aid to his country.
 * - : successfully lands the first man on the.
 * 1969  - Cease fire announced between  and, 6 days after the beginning of the ""
 * 1971  - The  says it will support the 's admission to the
 * - The passes the.
 * 1973  - Vietnam War: In testimony by Assistant Secretary of Defense  to the, the  admits it lied to  about bombing.
 * 1973  - Seventy-three government officials and military officers are charged with conspiracy to overthrow the  government.
 * 1973  -   hijack a  jet en route from  to  and force it down in.
 * 1973  - First coast-to-coast black-owned and operated radio network: The  (NBN) begins operations.
 * - : Forces from invade  after a "coup d' etat", organised by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios. 's Council praises the  and the  for attempts to settle the dispute.  and  put their militaries on alert.
 * - expels three reporters from ', ', and  because they refused to sign a pledge to abide by government censorship.
 * - The lander successfully lands on.
 * 1976  - Vietnam War: The US military completes its troop withdrawal from.
 * - is hit by a  that kills eighty and causes $350 million in damage.
 * 1977  - The  releases documents under the  revealing it had engaged in  experiments.
 * - The votes 14-0 that member states should not recognise  as the capital of.
 * - : The detonates two s in  and  in central, killing eight soldiers, wounding forty-seven people, and leading to the deaths of seven horses.
 * - The i cabinet votes to withdraw troops from but to remain in southern.
 * - Officials of the pageant ask  to quit after  published nude photos of her.
 * - The government of passes legislation to secede from the.
 * - In, police fire into a church service for families of those held under the government's emergency decrees.
 * 1986  - In,  of the  is convicted of  nine children.
 * - UN Security Council Resolution 598, condemning the and demanding cease-fire, is unanimously adopted.
 * - 's show opens at 's Project for the Arts after the 's  cancels it.
 * 1989  - 's ruling junta puts opposition leader  under house arrest.
 * - asks the  to send observers to monitor its upcoming elections.
 * 1990  - A  bomb explodes at the  in.
 * - resigns as president of.
 * 1992  - A  cargo plane crashes in the suburbs of, , killing forty.
 * - 's visits, the highest ranking Israeli official to do so
 * 1994  - 's Fragment Q1 hits.
 * - The Regents of the vote to end all  in the UC system by.
 * - In, an bomb at an  kills 35
 * - Two hundred aid workers from, and other aid groups leave  on orders of the.
 * - is officially banned and defined as an "" (xiejiao) by the Chinese government, and a large-scale  of its practitioners is launched.
 * - The leaders of 's to win the  are indicted by a federal  for, , and.
 * 2000  - In, Parliament opens its new session and seats opposition members for the first time in a decade.
 * 2000  - Terrorist  sues  in the  for allegedly torturing him.
 * - The goes public.
 * 2001  - : The 27th Annual  summit opens in .  An Italian protester in Genoa,, is shot by police.
 * - : A fire in a in  kills over twenty-five.
 * -, the Director of News, reveals that  was the source of claims that  had "sexed up" the "".
 * 2003  - : Sixteen people are injured after two s explode outside a tax office in.
 * - becomes the fourth country in the world to legalise, after the bill  receives its.

Births

 * -, Greek king and military leader (d. )
 * -, Muslim scholar and compiler of  (d. )
 * - Francesco, Italian poet (d. )
 * -, French diplomat and writer (d. )
 * -, Dutch scholar (d. )
 * -, French painter (d. )
 * -, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (d. )
 * -, Scottish soldier and diplomat (d. )
 * -, French philosopher (d. )
 * -, Georgian diplomat and politician (d. )
 * -, French marshal (d. )
 * -, Polish explorer and geologist (d. )
 * -, father of modern (d. )
 * -, American playwright (d. )
 * 1838  -, British statesman and biographer (d. )
 * -, German artist (d. )
 * -, Mayor of New York City (d. )
 * -, Croatian anthropologist (d. )
 * -, Swedish writer, laureate (d. )
 * -, 1st (d. )
 * -, Brazilian aviator (d. )
 * -, German mathematician (d. )
 * -, British broadcast executive (d. )
 * -, American actress (d. )
 * 1890  - King  (d. )
 * -, one of the 'Lost Boys' for the book (d. )
 * -, Hungarian painter, photographer, and sculptor (d. )
 * -, Polish-born chemist, laureate  (d. )
 * -, American baseball player (d. )
 * -, Irish composer (d. )
 * -, Greco-French astronomer (d. )
 * -, Czech conductor and composer (d. )
 * -, American actor (d. )
 * -, American singer (d. )
 * - Sir, New Zealand mountain climber
 * -, American animator (d. )
 * 1920  -, American politician (d. )
 * -, American politician
 * -, Polish economist and journalist (d. )
 * -, American novelist
 * 1924  -, Canadian composer
 * -, French
 * 1925  -, West Indian psychiatrist and writer (d. )
 * -, American actress
 * 1926  -, English actress (d. )
 * -, American businessman, sports executive, and philanthropist
 * 1929  -, Indian actor (d. )
 * -, American basketball coach
 * 1930  -, English-born singer and actress
 * -, Korean-born artist (d. )
 * 1932  -, German politician
 * -, American author
 * 1933  -, English snooker player
 * 1933  -, American singer and songwriter (d. )
 * -, German writer
 * 1934  -, Greek actress (d. )
 * -, U.S. Senator from Maryland
 * -, Japanese actor
 * -, English footballer
 * 1938  - Dame, English actress
 * 1938  -, American actress (d. )
 * -, American artist
 * -, Cuban baseball player
 * -, German actor (d. )
 * -, Australian politician
 * 1942  -, American race car driver
 * -, English actress
 * -, American singer and songwriter
 * 1945  -, American politician (U.S Senator from )
 * 1945  -, English musician
 * 1945  -, American football coach (d. )
 * 1945  -, Irish singer (d. )
 * -, American film director
 * -, German-born physicist,
 * 1947  -, Mexican-born American guitarist
 * -, American dancer
 * 1948  -, American actor
 * -, Canadian actress
 * 1950  -, Indian actor
 * -, English actor
 * -, Japanese actress
 * -, American-born Australian singer
 * 1953  -, American journalist
 * -, American actress
 * -, English musician and composer
 * -, English musician
 * -, American figure in right-to-die case (d. )
 * 1957  -, American actress


 * -, American singer
 * -, American actor and comedian
 * 1962  -, English drummer
 * -, American actor
 * -, American musician /
 * 1964  -, American actor
 * 1964  -, American television personality
 * 1964  -, American musician
 * -, American musician
 * -, American actor
 * -, American actor
 * 1968  -, American ice hockey player
 * 1968  -, English actor
 * -, American actor
 * 1969  -, Italian cyclist
 * 1969  -, American musician
 * 1969  -, American singer
 * -, American baseball player
 * 1971  -, Korean Canadian actress
 * 1971  -, American hiphop DJ (d. )
 * -, Swedish jurist and politician
 * -, Swedish ice hockey player
 * 1973  -
 * 1973  -, American soccer player
 * 1973  -, American singer 
 * -, Puerto Rican baseball player
 * 1974  -, American actor
 * -, American basketball player
 * 1975  -, Norwegian footballer
 * 1975  -, American actress
 * 1975  -, Swedish politician
 * -, Malaysian racing driver
 * -, Australian musician
 * 1976  -, American news anchor
 * -, Congolese footballer
 * 1977  -, Brazilian-born Japanese footballer
 * -, Australian athlete
 * 1978  -, American actor
 * 1978  -,  contestant
 * 1978  -, Russian ice hockey player
 * 1978  -, American basketball player
 * -, Hungarian football player (d. )
 * -, Brazilian model
 * 1980  -, American guitarist
 * -, German rower
 * -, American actor
 * -, baseball player in the United States from the Dominican Republic
 * 1984  -, American football player
 * -, American actor
 * -, American ballroom dancer; actress; singer
 * -, British actor
 * -, American actress
 * -, daughter of

Deaths

 * - King (b. )
 * - of Japan (b. )
 * -, French theologian
 * - King (b. )
 * -, German visionary (b. )
 * - (poisoned) (b. )
 * -, heir to the throne of England (b. )
 * -, French chronicler
 * - King (b. )
 * -, wife of (b. )
 * -, English soldier
 * -, first English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. )
 * -, German composer (b. )
 * -, Russian poet (b. )
 * -, German mathematician (b. )
 * -, English poet (b. )
 * -, English poet and critic (b. )
 * - (b. )
 * -, Greek author, president of the (b. )
 * -, Russian mathematician (b. )
 * -, Mexican revolutionary (b. )
 * -, head of the Soviet secret police (b. )
 * - King (b. )
 * -, Greek poet (b. )
 * -, French novelist (b. )
 * -, Italian inventor, recipient of the (b. )
 * -, American vaudeville performer (b. )
 * -, American actress (b. )
 * -, French author and poet (b. )
 * - King (b. )
 * 1951  -, Crown Prince of Germany (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * 1953  -, British author (b. )
 * -, Canadian politician (b. )
 * -, American admiral (b. )
 * -, South African civil rights leader, recipient of the
 * -, American singer (b. )
 * -, Conservative Party Politician and Chancellor of Exchequer at time of his death {b.
 * -, American actor and martial artist (b. )
 * 1973  -, American land artist (b. )
 * -, Ugandan poet (b. )
 * -, American television news anchor (b. )
 * -, British footballer and president. (b. )
 * -, American actor (b. )
 * -, Atlanta's longest serving (b. )
 * -, Professional Soccer Player (b. )
 * -, White House deputy counsel (b. )
 * -, Ugandan hurdler (b. )
 * -, American actress (b. )
 * - (also known as ,) American writer (b. )
 * -, English writer (b. )
 * -, Fiji chieftainess, wife of (b. )
 * -, Canadian-born actor (b. )
 * 2005  -, Norwegian politician (b. )
 * 2005  -, American film director (b. )
 * 2005  -, British-born wrestling announcer (b. )
 * -, British Trotskyist (b. )
 * 2006  -, French filmmaker (b. )
 * -, American televangelist (b. )
 * -, American televangelist (b. )

Holidays and observances

 * International day
 * - (Friendship Day)
 * - Friendship Day
 * - Peace and Freedom Day
 * - Peace and Freedom Day

Liturgical Feast days

 * , bishop, confessor [Chur, Mainz, Worms]
 * [Hungary, Russia]
 * , confessor [Orléans]
 * =Joseph Barsabas, confessor
 * , priest, confessor [Auxerre]
 * , bishop, confessor
 * , bishop, confessor (Translation) [Norway]
 * /Ulmar, abbot (of Samer), confessor
 * Saints, martyrs
 * , virgin, martyr 305 [common; Aquileia, Genf, France (with exceptions), Italy, Scandinavia (except Finland), England]
 * Saint Severa, virgin (at Trier) [Trier]
 * 2 saints
 * Blessed Margareth of Ypres, died 1237
 * , bishop, confessor
 * , bishop, confessor (Translation) [Norway]
 * /Ulmar, abbot (of Samer), confessor
 * Saints, martyrs
 * , virgin, martyr 305 [common; Aquileia, Genf, France (with exceptions), Italy, Scandinavia (except Finland), England]
 * Saint Severa, virgin (at Trier) [Trier]
 * 2 saints
 * Blessed Margareth of Ypres, died 1237
 * 2 saints
 * Blessed Margareth of Ypres, died 1237