Settler

A settler is a person who has to a less occupied area and established permanent residence there, often to  the area. Settlers are generally people who take up and  it, as opposed to s. The word "settler" is synonymous with terms such as pioneers, colonists, or "colonials".

Causes of migration
The reason for emigration of settlers varies, but often includes one or more factors such as: economic or personal financial hardship; social, cultural, ethnic, or religious persecution (e.g. the, s and s), or; political oppression and/or policies aimed at encouraging foreign settlement.

The colony concerned is sometimes controlled by the government of a settler's home country, and emigration is sometimes approved by an government. The term settler is not usually used in relation to the later histories of well-established and/or independent, countries with continuing immigration, like the present-day,  or , where terms like  are preferred.

Historical usage
In almost every real historical case, settlers live on land which previously belonged to long-established peoples, known as (often called "natives", "Aborigines" or, in, "Indians"). This land is usually settled against the wishes of the indigenes, and then controlled, defended and expanded by force, or it is bought or leased from indigenous people on terms highly favourable to the settlers, sometimes under a treaty (e.g. the in ). In some cases (such as Australia), the legal ownership of some lands is contested much later by indigenous people, who seek or claim traditional usage,, and related forms of ownership or partial control.

The word "settler" was not originally usually used in relation to immigrants, such as s (e.g. in the United States), ers (such as in ), or s (such as in, 1674-1775; Australia 1788-1868). More recently descendants of these immigrants may argue that they have as much right to use the word "settler" as the descendants of free immigrants.

In, the government invited or foreign nationals to settle in sparsely populated lands. These settlers were called "s". See, e.g., articles, ,.

Although they are often thought of as traveling by sea &mdash; the dominant form of travel in the early modern era &mdash; significant waves of settlement could also use long overland routes, such as the by the - in, or the  in the United States.

Modern usage
However, sometimes one tribe of native settlers drove another tribe from the lands it held, such as the settlement of lands in the area now called, where  peoples settled in areas previously inhabited by the  tribe (Bainbridge, 1977).

In the, are Jews who live in areas captured during the  and claimed by s. Some historians maintain that Palestinians are descended mostly from  settlers in , after the  conquered the area in the. However, both Israelis and Palestinians claim partial descent from peoples who lived in the region in prehistoric times (see:, ). settlers often built crude houses in the form of s.]]

Other usage
Settlers in societies, such as on other planets, often feature in  or  fiction and/or video games.