1860

Year 1860 () was a (link will display the full calendar) of the  (or a  of the 12-day slower ).

January - June

 * - The begins its first run from  to.
 * – New uprising in.
 * - A Chondrite type fell to earth in,  near the town of.
 * - and his troops depart from  on the.
 * - In (modern-day ) southern state of  secedes from the central government in protest of the suggestion of increase of presidential powers.  and  join it.
 * - The U.S. holds its convention and nominates  for.
 * - ; troops under defeat the army of  in Sicily, during the.
 * - German soccer club is founded
 * - is selected as the U.S. presidential candidate for the.
 * - Garibaldi's forces take, the capital of Sicily.
 * 12 June 1860 - The established.
 * - First, based on the ideas of , is opened in in.

July - September

 * -, is founded.
 * - was executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia for claiming to be a prophet.
 * - Mutsuhito (the future ) becomes of.
 * - becomes an   under the name Nikolai.
 * - The forces of defeat royal Neapolitan forces at the, near Messina.  Nearly all of Sicily was now under Garibaldi's control.
 * - Monk appointed as.
 * - Deacon appointed as.
 * - Assisted by the British navy, the troops of cross from Sicily to the Italian mainland.
 *  is accidentally rammed and sunk in, hundreds drown.
 * 's forces capture Naples.
 * - Piedmontese forces invade the hoping to link up with Garibaldi in Naples.
 * - : The Piedmontese decisively defeat the Papal forces, allowing them to continue their march into Neapolitan territory.
 * - : The Piedmontese decisively defeat the Papal forces, allowing them to continue their march into Neapolitan territory.

October - December

 * - and  leave  to search for source of the.
 * -, Garibaldi defeats the last organized army of the.
 * -, , , and the  form a commission to investigate causes of the massacres of s, committed by s in  earlier in the year.
 * - The original cornerstone of the was laid in,.
 * - The first formally ended the.
 * - - 's is burned to the ground by orders of  general  in retaliation for mistreatment of several  during the.
 * - New revolt begins in
 * Garibaldi again defeats the Neapolitan forces, advancing on, the last remaining Neapolitan strong-point.
 * Meeting of -  gives  to the king.
 * - The combined forces of and King  besiege King  of the  in, his last remaining stronghold.
 * - : beats, , and  and is elected as the sixteenth , the first  to hold that office.
 * - publishes the first installment of ' in his magazine '.
 * - becomes the first state to secede from the Union.
 * - becomes the first state to secede from the Union.




 * - The world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured, the (British) is launched.

Undated

 * Massacres of the of, by part of the Muslim population, under the supervision of the.
 * , King of seizes the whole of the Papal States except  (see ) and unites.
 * discovers and  (see ).
 * leader subverts  and begins to establish a new centralist government with the help of an  leader.
 * is founded in, by  . The college would move to Paxton, Illinois, in 1862, and to its eventual home in Rock Island, Illinois, in 1875.
 * is incorporated.
 * in, hi

Ongoing events

 * (-1860)

January - June

 * -, 24th (d. )
 * -, the fourth child of and  (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * , American painter (d. )
 * , Russian writer (d. )
 * -, French author (d. )
 * -, economic historian (d. )
 * -, American businessman and inventor (d. )
 * -, first woman mayor in the United States (d. )
 * -, baseball player (d. )
 * -, Austrian composer (d. )
 * -, American politician (d. )
 * -, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (d. )
 * -, American classical scholar (d. )
 * -, founder of modern political Zionism (d. )
 * -, Scottish author (d. )
 * -, German chemist, laureate (d. )
 * -, Dutch inventor, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, American psychologist (d. )
 * -, Spanish composer (d. )
 * -, Australian cricketer, footballer, and coach (d. )
 * -, American 19th century baseball player (d. )
 * -, Belgian poet (d. )
 * -, Belgian poet (d. )

July - December

 * -, American feminist (d. )
 * -, Austrian composer (d. )
 * -, Danish linguist, creator of and  languages (d.)
 * -, American murder suspect (d. )
 * -, Scottish inventor (d. )
 * -, British astrologer (d. )
 * -, Indian musician (d. )
 * -, French poet (d. )
 * -, American west show performer (d. )
 * -, American elocutionist, dramatist, and impersonator (d. )
 * -, French President (d. )
 * -, American politician (d. )
 * -, American social worker, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, American general (d. )
 * -, the founder of Girl Scouts
 * -, United States Senator from Pennsylvania (d. )
 * -, Polish pianist and composer (d. )
 * -, Texas legislator and American businessman (d. )
 * , American gunfighter (d. )
 * ,, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, founder of (d. )
 * -, Belgian Prime Minister (d. )
 * -, sixth (d. )
 * -, Danish physician, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, American oil industrialist, founder of (d. )
 * date unknown
 * , American politician (d. )
 * , British Arctic explorer (d. )
 * , Jefferson R. Smith, infamous American confidence man and crime boss (d. )
 * , British illustrator (d. )
 * , Jefferson R. Smith, infamous American confidence man and crime boss (d. )
 * , British illustrator (d. )


 * See also .

January - June

 * -, American politician (b. )
 * , Hungarian mathematician (b. )
 * , Scottish astronomer (b. )
 * -, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. )
 * -, German cellist and composer (b. )
 * -, German author
 * -, Scottish surgeon (b. )
 * - Sir, English architect (b. )
 * -, wife of (b. )
 * -, wife of (b. )

July - December

 * -, American inventor (b. )
 * -, German philosopher (b. )
 * -, British admiral (b. )
 * -, the Empress Consort of Russian Emperor (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * date unknown -, Chinese painter (b. )


 * See also .