1868

Year 1868 () was a (link will display the full calendar) of the  (or a  of the 12-day slower ).

January - March

 * - declares "", his own restoration to full power, against the supporters of the.
 * - : Brazilian Army commander enters, 's capital. Some days later he declares the war is over. Nevertheless, , 's president, prepares guerrillas to fight in the countryside
 * - and number of new "" sail from  for West Coast - they arrive in  on.
 * -  declares emperor's declaration "illegal" and attacks Kyoto.  Pro-Emperor forces drive his troops away. Shogun surrenders in May.
 * - The sanctions the formation of what will become the.
 * - In the Jolly Corks organization is renamed the  (BPOE).
 * - The first to have floats occurs at  in.
 * - After tried to dismiss , he becomes the first  to be  by the . Johnson would later be acquitted by the.
 * - The Fraternity is founded at the.
 * - A court of is organized in the  to hear charges against President.
 * - The is founded in  when the Organic Act is signed into  law.
 * - is formed.
 * - The Company is organized in.

April - June

 * - is established in
 * - Emperor massacres at least 197, perhaps more, of his own people at . These were prisoners who had been, for the most part, incarcerated for very trivial offenses, and were killed for asking for bread and water.
 * - A British-Indian task force inflicts 700 deaths and a crushing defeat on the army of Emperor in the . The British and Indians suffer 30 wounded, 2 of whom die subsequently.
 * - The ends with the suicide of Tewodros and the capture of Magdala by the British-Indian task force.
 * -  is acquitted during his  trial, by one vote in the.
 * - Last public in  -  bomber
 * - is observed in the  for the first time (it was  proclaimed on  by General ).
 * - declares himself president of the . He soon alienates the locals
 * - The first is held in,.

July - September



 * - Preacher establishes the Christian Mission, predecessor of the, in the  of.
 * - becomes a.
 * - The is adopted  guaranteeing s full citizenship and all persons in the   of law.
 * - is discovered by    (and independently by  on ).
 * - : Irish Mail passenger train collides with 4 cargo trucks loaded with : 33 dead; first major train disaster in.
 * - in  targets station of the  and nearly leads to war between  and China.
 * - First convocation of the in,.
 * - Rebels in the town of declare  independent. Local militia defeats them a week later.
 * late September - Queen is effectively deposed and sent into exile; she will formally , 1870.

October - December

 * - declared a revolt against Spanish rule in  in an event known as El Grito de Yara, initiating a war that lasted ten years. Cuba would ultimately lose the war at a cost of 400,000 lives and widespread destruction.


 * - applied for his first patent, the electric vote recorder.


 * November - defeats  in the.
 * November - John Christoff Reichert purchases the home at 506 South Seventh Street, Terre Haute, Indiana, from John S. and Amanda Jordan, for the sum of $450.
 * - officially adopts nationally observed, and was perhaps the first country to do so.
 * - : - In the early morning,  Lieutenant Colonel  leads an attack on a band of  living on reservation land with, killing 103 Cheyenne.


 * - or Ytororó. Field-Marshall  leads 13,000 Brazilian troops against a Paraguayan fortified position of 5,000 troops.


 * - US President grants unconditional pardon to all  rebels.

Undated

 * discovers what he thinks is a primordial matter and names it  (he admits his mistake in )
 * Establishment of the - a major art school in  that admitted women.
 * The is founded in.
 * was founded, providing the opportunity for secondary education for the first time in the colony of in.

January - June

 * -, Danish chemist (d. )
 * -, Chinese educator (d. )
 * -, American chemist, laureate (d. )
 * -, American journalist (d. )
 * -, American civil rights leader (d. )
 * -, Brazilian president (d. )
 * -, Canadian woman's rights activist (d. )
 * -, American physicist, laureate (d. )
 * -, English cricketer (d. )
 * -, Russian author (d. )
 * -, English actor (d. )
 * -, the fifth daughter of and  (d. )
 * - (d. )
 * -, French writer (d. )
 * -, last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (d. )
 * -, Irish socialist (d. )
 * -, Scottish architect (d. )
 * -, Austrian biologist and physician, recipient of the (d. )
 * -, French artist (d. )

July - December

 * -, German poet (d. )
 * -, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (d. )
 * -, American poet, biographer and dramatist. (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, Canadian politician and publisher (d. )
 * -, Swiss politician, member of the Federal Council (d. )
 * -, Canadian politician (d. )
 * -, Swedish writer (d. )
 * -, Brazilian president (d. )
 * -, German mathematician (d. )
 * -, Canadian actress (d. )
 * -, Australian author (d. )
 * -, (d. )
 * -, German chemist, laureate (d. )


 * See also .

January - June

 * -, French astronomer (b. )
 * - King (b. )
 * -, American pioneer (b. )
 * -, British military leader (b. )
 * -, Swedish composer (b. )
 * -, Canadian father of confederation (assassinated) (b. )
 * - Emperor Theodore or, by suicide (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * -, American politician (b. )
 * -, Commander of the (b. )
 * -, American trapper, scout, and Indian agent (b. )
 * -, 15th (b. )
 * -, Mormon church leader (b. )

July - December

 * -, Captain (b. )
 * -, Captain (b.  or )
 * -, American minister and politician from Michigan (b. )
 * -, German mathematician and astronomer (b. )
 * -, Canadian patriot (b. )
 * -, Rama IV, (b. )
 * -, (b. )
 * -, Italian composer (b. )
 * -, German-born banker (b. )
 * -, German linguist (b. )


 * See also .