1275

War and politics

 * - The first of the are passed by the , establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of able and non-bailable offenses.
 * is captured by pirates in the employ of to prevent her marriage to, prince of ; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.
 * forces defeat the Manx of the in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.
 * Third Mongol raid against.

Culture, religion, and science

 * completes the  work of fiction, , with a second section; the first section was written by  in.
 * The, a simple type of used in s, is invented (exact year unknown).
 * establishes a school in to teach  to preachers in an attempt to aid  to .  He also discovers.
 * The first main survey of the, an  seen as a follow up to the  completed in , is finished; it began in.

Asia

 * March - the 200,000 multiethnic troops of the -led, headed by the commander Bayan, face a   army of 130,000 led by the Song Chancellor Jia Sidao. The result is a decisive victory for the Yuan Dynasty, and soon after the much-villified Jia Sidao is stripped of rank and title, and killed by one of his own guards as he is sent to exile in  by the Song court.
 * Invading forces capture the  city of.
 * purportedly visits, 's summer capital of the.
 * The city of is made capital of the  province of the.
 * monk begin his  from  towards
 * observe a of the  in  on.

Eras and population estimates

 * The era of the , Medieval commentators on the, ends (began ).
 * The population of in  (modern-day ) is estimated at 125,000.
 * The  ends, and the  era begins.

Births

 * - (died )
 * ,  (approximate date; died )
 * (died )
 * , Duke of Athens (approximate date; died )
 * , Scottish nobleman (approximate date; died )
 * , Hindu saint and poet (died )
 * (approximate date; died )
 * (approximate date; died )
 * , Italian physician and anatomist (died )
 * , Scottish nobleman (approximate date; died )
 * , Florentine writer (approximate date; died )
 * , Italian jurist

Deaths

 * - (born )
 * -, Constable of England (born )
 * (born )
 * , Crown Prince of Castile