Fayetteville, Arkansas

Fayetteville is the county seat of Washington County, and the third largest city in Arkansas. The city is centrally located within the county and is home to the University of Arkansas. Fayetteville is also deep in the Boston Mountains, a subset of The Ozarks. Known as Washington until 1829, the city was named after General Lafayette, a French general who helped  the states gain freedom in  the American Revolutionary War. It was first incorporated on November 3, 1836 and was rechartered in 1867. The four-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area is ranked 109th in terms of population in the United States with 463,204 in 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau. The city itself had a population of 73,580 at the 2010 Census.

Fayetteville is deeply tied to the University of Arkansas, which is the flagship university in the state. Fall and spring bring thousands of students to campus which dramatically change the complexion of Fayetteville. As a Southeastern Conference institution, thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks fans descend upon Fayetteville for home football, and basketball, and baseball games. The city also contains the University of Arkansas' track and field program which has won 42 national championships to date. Fayetteville was ranked as the 7th best college sports town and 8th for Business and Careers by Forbes. Kiplinger's 2008 "Best Cities to Work, Live and Play" list featured Fayetteville as #7. U.S. News ranked Fayetteville one of the best places to retire. Although based in nearby Bentonville, Walmart's impact on Fayetteville cannot be understated. The city hosts the Wal-Mart Shareholders Meetings each year at Bud Walton Arena and is home to several of Walmart's corporate partners.

Forbes Magazine also named the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers area as the second-best area in the United States for recovery from the current United States recession. Reasons cited were the presence of #1 Fortune 500 corporation Walmart being based in the area in addition to low unemployment (5.0%) compared to national averages.

Settlement through Civil War
Washington County was created in 1828 and the county seat was located where Fayetteville is now. The Washington Courthouse was built soon after, this is also where the post office was located. In 1829 Postmaster Larkin Newton changed the name to the Fayetteville Courthouse, to avoid confusing with Washington, Hempstead County. Two councilmen elected to name the city were from Fayetteville, Tennessee, itself a city named after General Lafayette, a French general who helped  the states gain freedom in the American Revolutionary War.

The first store in Fayetteville was opened by John Nye in a small building constructed by James Holmsley. In 1832 David Walker, Chief Justice of the Arkansas supreme court built a double log cabin on what is now Center Street. In 1822 Archibald Yell, the second Governor of Arkansas, built a house and called it "Waxhaw" after his home in North Carolina. This was on the outskirts of town then but now is a street named after him that connects College and School streets. The first hotels were the Burnside House and the Onstott House. Fayetteville was incorporated as a town on November 3, 1836. in 1859 a city charter was obtained from the Legislature. During the Civil War the municipal government was suspended and was not reinstated until 1867. P.V. Rhea was the president of the town trustees in 1836; J.W. Walker was the first mayor under the charter of 1859, and M.L. Harrison was the first mayor when the government was reorganized in 1867.

The telegraph came to Fayetteville in 1860, strung along the Military Road from Jefferson City, Missouri to Little Rock. Entering the American Civil War, General Benjamin McCulloch torched all non-essential buildings in Fayetteville in 1862. The following week, the Battle of Pea Ridge took place northeast of Fayetteville. The city housed wounded soldiers from the Battle of Prairie Grove in December 1862, even housing injured troops on Dickson Street. Confederate troops besieged Union soldiers in Fayetteville on April 18, 1863 at the present-day intersection of College Avenue and Dickson Street. The Union headquarters in the city was also besieged. Union soldiers held against cannon fire and cavalry attacks to hold the city, although their headquarters sustained damage. This damaged building still exists today (although it has been restored) as Headquarters House and has become a museum operated by the Washington County Historical Society. Another Confederate attack in October 1864 was repelled as well. The Fayetteville National Cemetery was established in 1867, with the Rebel counterpart coming six years later. The Fayetteville Weekly Democrat began publishing in 1868, this paper would eventually become the Northwest Arkansas Times, which is still in print today.

The Fayetteville Schools District was founded on March 20, 1871 as the first independent school district in Arkansas.

Topography
Fayetteville is located in the Boston Mountains, a subset of The Ozarks which run through northwest Arkansas, southern Missouri, and Eastern Oklahoma. The Boston Mountains were formed when sediments were deposited on top of the Springfield Plateau during the Triassic period. In the Fayetteville area, the sediment was eroded to expose the old Springfield formation, while south of Fayetteville little erosion took place, forming the steep Boston Mountains. Fayetteville is also the namesake of the Fayetteville shale, a geological formation which has recently become an epicenter for natural gas extraction by hydraulic fracturing.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 55.2 sqmi, of which, 53.8 sqmi of it is land and 1.4 sqmi of it (2.59%) is water. The city is centrally located in Washington County, Arkansas along Interstate 540/US Route 71. This is the only fully controlled access route through the area, which replaced the winding US 71 (now US 71B) in the 1990s. An interstate connection with Fort Smith to the south and Kansas City, Missouri to the north has greatly helped to grow Fayetteville. Within Washington County, Fayetteville is bordered along the north by Springdale and Johnson. At times, this transition is seamlessly urban. Fayetteville is not bordered to its south, instead opening up to scenic country along the Boston Mountains Scenic Loop. Past the communities of Greenland and West Fork is Devil's Den State Park. To the west is Farmington along US Route 62 and to the east is undeveloped land in rural Washington County.

Metropolitan area
The Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area consists of three Arkansas counties: Benton, Madison, and Washington, and McDonald County, Missouri. The area had a population of 347,045 at the 2000 census which had increased to 463,204 by the 2010 Census (an increase of 33.47 per cent). Although the Metropolitan Statistical Area does not consist of the usual principal-city-with-suburbs geography, Fayetteville's adjacent communities include Elkins, Farmington Greenland, Habberton, Johnson, and Wyman.

Districts within Fayetteville
Fayetteville is entirely contained within Fayetteville Township, as the township and city have identical boundaries. Although Arkansas generally does not use its civil townships for any governmental purpose, they are used for voting boundaries in some places.

Generally the parts of Fayetteville west of I-540/US 71 is called West Fayetteville. Another prominent district is the Mall District, which encompasses the scores of business and new homes near the Northwest Arkansas Mall in north Fayetteville. The University of Arkansas defines its own part of Fayetteville, with dozens of student apartments and restaurants located near campus. The University's impact is also apparent along College Avenue, which contains hundreds of shops and restaurants. Northeast of campus are the Wilson Park Historic District and the Mount Nord Historic District. The Fayetteville Historic Square is the original city center of Fayetteville, and Dickson Street is the best-known entertainment district in Arkansas. are also important parts of Fayetteville which contain many historic homes and businesses. Old structures are also located along the former Butterfield Overland Mail route, a stagecoach route to San Francisco, California now known as Old Wire Road. Fifteenth Street forms the southernmost residential district of Fayetteville, with the Fayetteville Industrial Park to its east.

Former unincorporated communities
Fayetteville has annexed four unincorporated communities and two historical unincorporated communities within its current corporate limits. The communities of Baldwin, Fayette Junction, McNair, and White Rock remain listed as existing "neighborhoods" according to the United States Geological Survey's Board on Geographic Names. These were absorbed as the city has expanded outward from its original plat. Two more communities, Barbara and Rucker's Grove have been removed and are now listed as historic unincorporated communities. None of the communities are recognizable or useful except as a historical reference.

Climate
Fayetteville lies in the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa) with influence from the humid continental climate type. Fayetteville experiences all four seasons and does receive cold air masses from the north, however some of the Arctic masses are blocked by the higher elevations of the Ozarks. Fayetteville's Drake Field often records the coldest night temperatures in the state due to its high Ozarks valley location.

July is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of 89.1 °F and an average low of 68.6 °F. Temperatures above 100 °F are rare but not uncommon, occurring on average twice a year. January is the coldest month with an average high of 44.3 °F and an average low of 24.2 °F. Highs below 32 °F occur on average thirteen times a year, with 2.2 nights per year dropping below 0 °F. The city's highest temperature was 111 °F, recorded on July 14, 1954. The lowest temperature recorded was -24 °F, on February 12, 1899.

Demographics
In the 2010 census, Fayetteville had a population of 73,580 and grew by 26.8 percent from the year 2000.

As of the census of 2000, there were 58,047 people, 23,798 households, and 12,136 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,336.6 people per square mile (516.1/km²). There were 25,467 housing units at an average density of 586.4 per square mile (226.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.50% White, 5.11% Black or African American, 1.26% Native American, 2.56% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 1.99% from other races, and 2.42% from two or more races. 4.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Fayetteville was the second best educated city in Arkansas (after Maumelle) in the Census, proportionately, with 44.8% of adults age 25 or older holding an associate degree or higher, and 41.2% of adults possessing a baccalaureate degree or higher. However, the city had the highest percentage of adults with masters, doctorate, or professional degrees (17.9%).

There were 23,798 households out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.7% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.0% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city the population was spread out with 19.9% under the age of 18, 25.7% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,345, and the median income for a family was $45,074. Males had a median income of $30,069 versus $22,693 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,311. 19.9% of the population and 11.4% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 19.7% of those under the age of 18 and 9.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

49.6% of Fayetteville's population describes themselves as religious, slightly above the national average of 48.34%. 50.8% of people in Fayetteville who describe themselves as having a religion are Baptist (25.22% of the city's total population). 15.5% of people holding a religion are Catholic (7.7% of the city's total population). There are also higher proportions of Methodists and Pentecostals above the national average.

Economy
Although much of the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area has grown with Walmart's ascent to the #1 corporation listed by the Fortune 500, Fayetteville has often made it clear that the city prefers to associate itself with the University of Arkansas rather than the worldwide retailer. Walmart is based in nearby Bentonville, Arkansas and is one of four Fortune 500 corporations based in the state (the others being Dillard's, Murphy Oil, and Tyson Foods). Tyson Foods in based in Springdale, Arkansas, which is adjacent to the north of Fayetteville. Despite not being based in Fayetteville, these corporations have a big impact through the University. The Sam M. Walton College of Business (named for Sam Walton) at the University of Arkansas has received numerous donations from the Walton family. Tyson also has a presence on campus at the Tyson Center for Excellence in Poultry Science which holds classes for the Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences. The poultry science program at Arkansas is one of the top three in the United States. Transportation company J. B. Hunt is based in Lowell, Arkansas and has donated millions of dollars to the logistics program at the university, including $10 million funding the J.B. Hunt Center for Academic Excellence that completed in 2010.

The University of Arkansas has also been changing into a research-centered university since the late-20th century. The university's stated goals now include becoming the economic engine for the region, the state of Arkansas, and beyond. This focus on innovation has helped draw students interested in research to Fayetteville. The university took a big step towards its new focus in 2010 when it was designated as a "very high activity research university" by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

In 2010, Forbes magazine ranked the City of Fayetteville #8 on its list of "Best Places For Business And Careers," using criteria such as the cost of doing business, cost of living, educational achievement, and crime rate. It was also named #3 by Inc. Magazine on a list of "best mid-size cities for doing business".

Points of interest
The city is served by Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport in Highfill, Arkansas. The airport also serves Springdale (home to Tyson Foods), Bentonville (home to Wal-Mart), Rogers, and all of Northwest Arkansas.

Culture and contemporary life
Some of Fayetteville's highlights include the town square, where a farmer's market is held from April through November, and Dickson Street, a narrow street that is lined with shops and restaurants and that leads through the center of the city to the University of Arkansas.

The University of Arkansas is Fayetteville's biggest attraction, with influence in the social, economic and educational avenues of Fayetteville. The flagship university in the state, the U of A has become integrated with Fayetteville and vice versa. The University of Arkansas Campus Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places contains 71 acre and 25 buildings within a park-like arboretum. In autumn, thousands of parents travel to Fayetteville to help their children move in to the various residence halls and apartments in the area, with thousands more attending Razorback football home games. Fans return for basketball games to pack Bud Walton Arena, which was the fifth-largest on-campus arena upon completion. In spring the Hogs baseball team can be seen in Baum Stadium, named the top college baseball facility in the nation by Rivals.com in 2010. No matter the season alumni and visitors are drawn to wander the campus in search of special names on Senior Walk, which is a 5 mi sidewalk record of every graduate from the University of Arkansas, and the only sidewalk of its kind in the world.

The Fayetteville Public Library, founded in 1916, was relocated in October 2004 into a $23 million building, which was the first "green" building in Arkansas. On June 3, 2006, the library celebrated its 90th birthday. The Blair Library was awarded the 2005 Thomson Gale Library Journal Library of the Year award, and, as a testament to its popularity, has seen its popularity increase dramatically, with three times more items checked out in 2005 than in 1997. The library includes a local coffeeshop, Arsaga's, and hosts several events, including film festivals, book signings, and public forums throughout the year. It is also a popular place for youth subcultures to socialize.

Fayetteville is home to the Walton Arts Center, which is Arkansas' premier center for arts and entertainment. The center is the result of a joint effort between the City of Fayetteville and the University of Arkansas to bring arts to the city. The center is located on Dickson Street halfway between the University and the town square has inadvertently revitalized the area, resulting in gains for both parties. It currently features a full Broadway theatre season, arts camps, continuing education opportunities for teachers of the arts, University-sponsored performances in addition to serving as a host for community events. A considerable donation from the namesake Walton family assisted greatly in the construction of the building.

The farmers' market began in 1974 and runs 7am to 1pm from the first Saturday in April through the last Saturday before Thanksgiving set in the Fayetteville Historic Square. Over 60 vendors provide locally grown fruits and vegetables in addition to crafts, flower boquets, music and art, making the Fayetteville Farmers' Market very diverse. Upon receiving a grant in 2011, the Fayetteville Farmers' Market now accepts Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) and food stamps. The market has been praised by the Farmers Market Coalition for its formatting which allows farmers to interact directly with customers and also empowering each vendor with a vote before making major changes in market policy. The farmers' market moves to the Botanical Garden of the Ozarks for Sunday mornings with 20-30 vendors, with some vendors also choosing to attend the Mill District Farmers Market on Thursday evenings.

Fayetteville was the first home of Bill and Hillary Clinton while they both taught law at the University of Arkansas School of Law. The house where they were married and lived is now the Clinton House Museum highlighting his early political life and features campaign memorabilia, a replica of Hillary's wedding dress, a photo gallery, and footage from his early campaign commercials.

Parks and trail system
The Fayetteville Parks and Recreation Department maintains 70 parks whose total land area makes up 3129 acre. The National Wildlife Federation has listed many parks and trails in Fayetteville as Certified Wildlife Habitats, which provide food, water, shelter, and a nurturing environment for young wildlife. A favorite park in Fayetteville is Wilson Park, which anchors the Wilson Park Historic District. The park was the city's first, and today contains a swimming pool, two playgrounds, a baseball field, picnic areas, and a 1981 castle in addition to courts for volleyball, basketball and tennis. The National Register of Historic Places-listed historic district encompasses 47 homes constructed in the late 19th and early 20th century along the southern edge of the park.

A new addition to the Fayetteville parks scene is the Botanical Garden of the Ozarks. First envisioned in 1993, the Botanical Garden Society of the Ozarks raised funds for the facility until beginning construction in 2003. Planned to be built in three stages, the first stage will be completed near the end of 2011. The initial stages call for a visitor center, cafe, and garden gateway. Stage one also includes ⅓ of the total planned gardens and ½ the maintenance facilities.

Fayetteville takes pride in its trail system, and was named a bicycle friendly community by the League of American Bicyclists in 2010. Trails in Fayetteville are well-marked with signs along the route in addition to road crossings. The city maintains trails within the city limits and segments of inter-city trails such as the future Razorback Greenway. The Razorback Greenway is a planned trail that will connect Fayetteville with Bella Vista (a distance of 34 mi) via Johnson, Springdale, Lowell, Bentonville, and Rogers.

The Fayetteville trail system is anchored by the Scull Creek Trail, a north–south paved trail which is 3.93 mi in length and 12 ft wide. It crosses the namesake creek six times on arching steel bridges and also uses a 650 ft tunnel, the only pedestrian tunnel in Arkansas. A trail of 3.7 mi named the Dickson Street/U of A loop links around the campus of the University of Arkansas and ends at the corner of Dickson Street and College Avenue. The Fayetteville Master Plan includes provisions for over 100 mi of multi-use trails in the city. Approximately 2 to 3 mi are added to the system per year.

Other points of interest include:
 * Fayetteville Historic Square
 * Fayetteville National Cemetery
 * Bikes Blues and BBQ (an annual event)
 * Fayetteville High School
 * Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium
 * Randal Tyson Track Center
 * Northwest Arkansas Mall
 * Dickson Street
 * Maxine's Tap Room
 * Headquarters House
 * Mount Nord Historic District
 * Washington-Willow Historic District
 * National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Arkansas

Mayor–city council
Fayetteville operates within the mayor-city council form of government. The mayor is elected by a city-wide election to serve as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the city by presiding over all city functions, policies, rules and laws. Once elected, the mayor also allocates duties to city employees. The Fayetteville mayoral election in coincidance with the election of the President of the United States. Mayors serve four-year terms and can serve unlimited terms. The city council consists of eight aldermen who together form the legislative body for the city. Also included in the council's duties is balancing the city's budget and passing ordinances. The body also controls the representatives of specialized city commissions underneath their jurisdiction. Two aldermen are electeted from each of the city's four wards.

Citizen boards, commissions, and committees
Citizen input is welcomed through the use of various specalized groups. Although some positions are appointed by the mayor, many consist of volunteers. Requirements include the applicant is a resident of Fayetteville and submission of an application in order to gain access to any of Fayetteville's 28 city boards. These range from appointed positions at the Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission to the Fayetteville Arts Council to the Fayetteville Public Library Board of Trustees to the Historic District Commission and the Tree and Landscape Advisory Committee.

Education


Fayetteville is served by the Fayetteville Public Schools system, which consists of eight elementary schools, four intermediate schools, two special schools, and Fayetteville High School. The district was established in 1871 as the oldest school district in Arkansas. Fayetteville High School has been recognized by Newsweek as one of America's top high schools based on Advanced Placement (AP) courses as well as AP test scores. The school's student literary magazine and athletics programs have also received national praise.

The University of Arkansas was founded in Fayetteville in 1871 as Arkansas Industrial University. The land-grant/space-grant, high-activity research institution is the flagship campus of the University of Arkansas System. Enrollment for the 2010 fall semester was 21,406 total students. Approximately 67% are Arkansas natives, with about 6% being international students. Although it offers over 200 degree choices (excluding doctorate fields), the university is noted for its strong architecture, history, creative writing, poultry science, and business programs. Because of the University of Arkansas' large presence in many aspects of the city's economy, culture, and lifestyle, Fayetteville is often portrayed as a college town.

Sports
Fayetteville does not host any professional sports teams, allowing the Arkansas Razorbacks to control the sports scene. The Razorbacks (sometimes shortened to Hogs) are frequently referred to as "the state of Arkansas's professional team". The Razorbacks compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and the Southeastern Conference.

Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium plays host to the Arkansas Razorbacks football team, usually hosting 5–6 home football games each season. Two more games are scheduled yearly at War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock, Arkansas, although there has been discussion of moving these games to Fayetteville in recent years. Some major high school football games in the state are played in Razorback Stadium as well. Bud Walton Arena is home to the Arkansas men's and women's basketball teams in addition to the Razorbacks gymnastics team. This facility was built in 1993 and holds 19,368 patrons. Arkansas volleyball plays in Barnhill Arena, also on the campus of the University of Arkansas. The Arkansas Razorbacks baseball team plays in Baum Stadium at George Cole Field, the nation's premier college baseball facility. Softball plays in the newly built Bogle Park on campus.

Due to the success of Arkansas's track and cross country teams, Fayetteville is sometimes called the "Track Capital of the World". The city has hosted the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships at the Randal Tyson Track Center, one of the world's fastest surfaces. Arkansas also has hosted the Outdoor Track and Field Championships track facility at John McDonnell Field, named the top outdoor track and field facility of the year by the American Sports Builders Association in 2008.

Media
The Fayetteville market is defined by Washington and Benton Counties and is also called the Northwest Arkansas market by Arbitron. This two-county area was ranked 127th in the nation with a listening/viewing population (age 12+) of 356,900 as of Spring 2011.

Radio
Cumulus Media owns seven stations in the Northwest Arkansas market, KFAY 1030 AM (news talk), KYNG 1590 AM, KQSM-FM 92.1 FM (ESPN radio), KAMO-FM 94.3 FM (classic country music), KYNF 94.9 FM, KKEG 98.3 FM (classic rock), and KMCK-FM 105.7 FM (Top 40). Clear Channel Communications owns four radio stations in the area, including KIGL 93.3 FM (classic rock), KMXF 101.9 FM (Top 40), KKIX 103.9 FM (country music) and KEZA 107.9 FM (adult contemporary). Butler Communications owns KXNA 104.9 FM (new rock), KREB 1190 AM, and KFFK 1930 AM. Two stations are operated by the University of Arkansas, KXUA 88.3 FM, which is a semi-automated, student-run station and KUAF, 91.3 FM, a national public radio (NPR) station. Kerm, Inc. operates two News Talk Information stations: KURM 790 AM and KLTK 1140 AM. KSEC 95.7 broadcasts in the Mexican Regional format and KFFK 1390 AM of Butler Communications broadcasts in the Spanish News/Talk format. Religious stations include KAYH 89.3 FM, KBNV 90.1 FM, and KLRC 101.1 FM. All sports radio station KUOA 1290 AM is rebroadcast on 105.3 in Fayetteville and features Arkansas Razorbacks coverage. KISR 95.9 FM is translated to Fayetteville from Fort Smith. Smaller operations include KOFC 1250 AM (news talk information) and KBVA 106.5 FM (variety).

Local TV stations

 * KNWA, 51, NBC
 * KHOG, 29, ABC
 * KFSM, 5, CBS
 * KAFT, 13, PBS

Local newspapers

 * Arkansas Democrat-Gazette
 * The Morning News
 * Northwest Arkansas Times
 * The Fayetteville Free Weekly
 * Washington County Observer
 * The University of Arkansas Traveler

Local online media

 * Fayetteville Flyer - fayettevilleflyer.com
 * Ozarks Unbound - ozarksunbound.com

Major highways
The major through route in Fayetteville is Interstate 540/US 71. This fully controlled access, four-lane expressway is a spur route of Interstate 40, which is a cross-country route connecting California to North Carolina. I-540/US 71 became the first freeway in the area when it was completed in the 1990s to relieve the former US 71 (now US 71B) of a much-increased demand of through travellers following the unanticipated and rapid growth of the Northwest Arkansas metro. Future plans for the I-540/US 71 corridor include a redesignation as Interstate 49 upon completion of a freeway segment through Western Arkansas and the Bella Vista Bypass. When completed, I-49 will connect New Orleans, Louisiana to Kansas City, Missouri through Fayetteville.

Other major north–south routes in Fayetteville include US 71B, which was the predecessor to I-540/US 71. This route is now mostly designated College Avenue in Fayetteville and features dozens of restaurants and stores, with many aimed at the University of Arkansas student demographic. To the east of College Avenue is the oldest road in Fayetteville, Arkansas Highway 265. This route first was used by Native Americans as the Great Osage Trail, followed by Civil War troops bound for Fort Smith, Arkansas, the Trail of Tears, the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach route, and later still the telegraph. To the west of College Avenue is Gregg Avenue, which contains many student-oriented apartments along its shoulders and further west is Garland Avenue. This route runs along the campus of the University of Arkansas in south Fayetteville, with apartments and duplexes along its northern routing.

The city of Fayetteville has two major providers of public transportation. Razorback Transit is a free bus system centered around the campus of the University of Arkansas with routes to other Fayetteville destinations such as Dickson Street or the Northwest Arkansas Mall. Ozark Regional Transit runs throughout both Washington and Benton Counties and is a broader bus-based regional transit system.

Utilities
The City of Fayetteville owns and operates a large water system that provides services to several municipalities and unincorporated areas in the northern half of Washington County in addition to Fayetteville residents. Drinking water is pumped in from the Beaver Water District treatment plant in Lowell. The city averages 14000000 gal of water usage per day. Fayetteville owns its own wastewater system, and operates nearby systems under contract. Treatment plants are located in the north, south, east, and west parts of town.