Wells, Maine

Wells is a town in York County, Maine, United States. Founded in 1643, it is the third-oldest town in Maine. The population in 2010 was 9,589. Wells Beach is a popular summer destination.

History
The Abenaki Indians called the area Webhannet, meaning "at the clear stream", a reference to the Webhannet River. Edmund Littlefield, an immigrant from the wool regions of Titchfield, England, was known as "The Father of Wells," for constructing the first gristmill and later a woolen mill in the new land at Wells on the Webhannet River, where a monument to Littlefield commemorates his contribution to the area, today. In 1622, the Plymouth Company in England awarded to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Lord Proprietor of Maine, territory which included the Plantation of Wells. His young cousin, Thomas Gorges, acting as deputy and agent, in 1641 granted to Rev. John Wheelwright and other settlers from Exeter, New Hampshire the right to populate the land from northeast of the Ogunquit River to southwest of the Kennebunk River. Following the death of the elder Gorges in 1647, the Massachusetts Bay Colony laid claim to Maine. In 1653, Wells was incorporated, the third town in Maine to do so, and named after Wells, England, a small cathedral city in the county of Somerset. It then included Kennebunk, set off the year Maine became a state in 1820, and Ogunquit, designated a village within Wells by the legislature in 1913, then set off in 1980.

Wells was the resilient northeastern frontier of English settlement. Except for a few forts and garrisons, early attempts to colonize Maine above Wells were abandoned because of attacks by Native Americans allied with New France, which resented encroachment by New England in territory it considered its own, Acadia. Wells endured three major attacks, most famously the Raid on Wells in 1692. The region became less dangerous, however, after the Battle of Louisburg in 1745.

Many early Wells settlers joined the Continental Army and were Revolutionary War heroes including Captains Samuel Gooch, Nathanial Littlefield, and Jeremiah Storer. Ocean View Cemetery on Post Road contains a well designed Civil War monument and plot honoring its service members. Visitors can walk to Founder's Park just off of Post Road onto Sanford Road, which includes a light walking trail, picnic area, and the first settlement home. Monuments list the names of Wells' founding families.

The town developed as a farming community, producing hay and vegetables. Other industries included shipbuilding and fisheries. In the 19th century, with the arrival of the railroad, the town's beautiful beaches attracted tourists. Many inns and hotels were built along the seashore. Today, tourism remains important to the economy.

Wells celebrated its 350th anniversary in 2003. The year-long celebration included a New Year's Eve party with fireworks, parade, a visit by the traveling Russian circus, concerts, historical reenactments, and more. The town commissioned a member of the celebration committee, Kristi Borst, to design a town flag. Her design portrays historic aspects of the Town's settlement and agriculture as well as the 2003 Town Hall and focus on tourism represented by a train. Also included is the motto she penned for the project: "Proud of our Past, Ready for our Future".

Geography
Wells is on the southern coast of Maine, surrounded by Kennebunk to the northeast, Sanford to the northwest, North Berwick to the west, South Berwick to the southwest, and Ogunquit to the south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 73.61 sqmi, of which, 57.55 sqmi of it is land and 16.06 sqmi is water. Wells is drained by the Webhannet River.

Wells is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Transportation
There are several transportation corridors connecting Wells with other communities:


 * Interstate 95 (Maine Turnpike Exit 19)
 * U.S. Route 1
 * Maine State Route 9
 * Maine State Route 9A
 * Maine State Route 109
 * The Pan Am Railways mainline (formerly the Boston & Maine Railroad)
 * The Eastern Trail, a multi-use trail, part of the East Coast Greenway

Access to the Amtrak national passenger rail system is available at the Wells Regional Transportation Center, which is served by 10 Downeaster trains per day. The center also has a park and ride lot and is adjacent to the I-95 interchange.

Education


There are four educational institutions in Wells: Wells Elementary School (kindergarten through fourth grade), Wells Junior High School (fifth grade through eighth grade), Wells High School (ninth grade through twelfth grade, as well as adult education programs), and York County Community College.

Wells is a member of the Wells-Ogunquit Community School District.

Places of worship
Baptist
 * Highpine Baptist Church
 * Wells Branch Baptist Church

Christian, interdenominational
 * Messiah Christian Church

Church of the Nazarene
 * Lighthouse Church of the Nazarene

Pentecostal
 * Mount Zion Chapel

Roman Catholic
 * Saint Mary's Church

United Church of Christ
 * Congregational Church of Wells

Points of interest

 * 7 miles of beaches with public parking areas: Drakes Island Beach, East Shore Beach, and Wells Beach, as well as the privately held Moody Beach.
 * The "Antiques Mile" - dozens of antiques vendors lining Post Road between Wells Corner and the Wells/Kennebunk town line.
 * Division 9 Schoolhouse Museum
 * Historical Society of Wells & Ogunquit - Meetinghouse Museum & Library - located on the premises of what was originally the First Congregational Church of Wells
 * Maine Diner
 * Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge
 * Wells Farmers' Market
 * Wells Harbor Community Park
 * Wells Harbor Summer Concert Series
 * Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve and Historic Laudholm Farm
 * Wells Public Library
 * Wonder Mountain Fun Park

Notable people

 * Thomas Bragdon, Captain, 4th Company, 1st York County Regiment of Massachusetts Militia
 * George Burroughs, clergyman, victim of the Salem witch trials
 * Kathleen Chase, Maine state congresswoman
 * Ronald F. Collins, Maine state senator
 * Jonathan Courtney, Maine state senator
 * Ichabod Cousins, Sergeant, French & Indian War, Founder of the Second Congregational Society, 1750; descendant of Daniel Alden, who was sixth in descent from John Alden, the pilgrim
 * Nathanial Cousins, Major, Revolutionary War
 * Nate Dingle, NFL football player
 * Wilson Joseph Green, Private, Union Army, Civil War - Some records show that Wilson showed exceptional valor having sustained fatal injury and then instructed his unit to leave him behind. He later died of disease on the battlefield.
 * Daniel W. Gooch, US congressman
 * Samuel Gooch, Captain, Revolutionary War Hero, Fort Washington, November 16th, 1776
 * Ivory Kimball, judge
 * Steve Lavigne, comic book illustrator
 * Edmund Littlefield, "The Father of Wells," built nation's first gristmill in Wells; Monument on Post Road at Webhannet Falls, signed the Combination at Ecceter (Exeter), NH
 * James Littlefield, Captain, Revolutionary War
 * Samuel Littlefield, Captain, Revolutionary War
 * Nathaniel Littlefield, US congressman; captain, Revolutionary War, Coast Guard at Wells and Kittery
 * Ryan Peters (stage name Spose), rapper
 * John Fairfield Scamman, US congressman
 * Jeremiah Storer, Captain, Continental Army, Revolutionary War
 * John Wheelwright, clergyman, original settler of Wells

2010 Census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,589 people, 4,120 households, and 2,734 families residing in the town. The population density was 166.6 PD/sqmi. There were 8,557 housing units at an average density of 148.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% White, 0.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 4,120 households of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.6% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.77.

The median age in the town was 48.5 years. 18.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.2% were from 25 to 44; 34.8% were from 45 to 64; and 21% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 Census
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 9,400 people, 4,004 households, and 2,690 families residing in the town. The population density was 163.1 people per square mile (63.0/km²). There were 7,794 housing units at an average density of 135.2 per square mile (52.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.18% White, 0.23% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population.

There were 4,004 households out of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the town the population was spread out with 21.0% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,314, and the median income for a family was $53,644. Males had a median income of $39,682 versus $28,463 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,130. About 3.1% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.8% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.